Bitchy History - Bitchy History： The History of Domestic Violence in America

00:00:00.000 Welcome to Bitchy History, where we cut through the myths and nostalgia to get to the raw, 1.00

00:00:17.360 unvarnished truth about the past. With sharp analysis, a feminist lens, and just the right 0.99

00:00:22.640 amount of bitchiness, we're here to show you that history isn't just something to study, 0.97

00:00:26.300 it's something to question. Let's get started. 1.00

00:00:30.000 Welcome back, everybody. So the other night, I was listening to a live on TikTok while I was

00:00:36.780 playing a video game. It's just the kind of thing I do. And there was this woman who kept going on

00:00:41.080 and on about how offensive it is to compare Putin to Hitler because, and I quote, he hasn't committed

00:00:47.180 a holocaust. Well, that's debatable in the first place. I'm sure Ukrainians might feel differently,

00:00:53.260 but let's ignore that. I pointed out that the entire point of history is so that we can learn

00:00:59.060 to stop horrible things like the Holocaust before they happen, see the signs and respond to them, 0.91

00:01:05.480 not see the signs and say, well, it's not that bad yet, maybe we'll check back later. 0.91

00:01:10.440 History isn't meant to be just about the past, which I hope I do a decent job of expressing on

00:01:15.320 this podcast. It's about making sure we don't repeat the mistakes of the past. So today,

00:01:20.440 let's talk about something we're still working to improve. But that might change if companies

00:01:24.700 like Meta get their way, you heard that you can now refer to women as household objects and

00:01:29.780 property on their apps now, right? Anyway, let's move on to today's topic, the history of domestic

00:01:36.240 violence in America. Let's start with a fun fact. One in three women will experience intimate

00:01:44.640 partner violence in her lifetime. It's like some sort of twisted Oprah giveaway. You get abuse,

00:01:50.260 you get abuse. Everyone gets abuse. Okay, it's not funny at all, actually, I know. But here's

00:01:56.380 the thing. Domestic violence has been normalized, ignored, and enabled for most of American history.

00:02:02.260 So today we're talking about how we got here, what people have done to fight back, and where

00:02:06.700 the hell we're supposed to go from here. Here's the plan. First, we're looking at colonial era

00:02:11.960 nonsense where men had actual legal rights to beat their wives. Then we'll dive into the 19th 0.57

00:02:17.360 century temperance movement, where women started fighting back. Next, we're headed into the feminist

00:02:22.080 movements of the 1970s, which gave us the first women's shelters and the Violence Against Women

00:02:26.580 Act. Finally, we will discuss modern challenges and solutions, because surprise, we still haven't

00:02:32.000 solved this. So in colonial America, domestic violence wasn't just ignored, it was kind of

00:02:37.920 expected. English common law gave men the legal right to chastise their wives, and chastise is 0.92

00:02:43.800 just a polite way of saying beat the crap out of. Men were seen as the rulers of their home,

00:02:48.560 and women, well, they were just kind of property, right? And what were the women going to do about 0.97

00:02:54.260 it? Take their abusive husband to court? Women didn't really have legal standing to testify 1.00

00:02:59.360 against their spouses. A major part of this was the old legal issue of coverture, which I've

00:03:04.400 discussed in a previous episode already. After all, how can a woman testify against her husband 1.00

00:03:09.520 if she's legally not a separate entity from her husband.

00:03:13.560 But even when there was a court case,

00:03:15.260 it wasn't super likely that the court would find in favor of the victim.

00:03:18.940 Case in point, Bradley v. State, 1824.

00:03:22.560 This guy, Bradley, beat his wife and argued that it was within his rights.

00:03:26.660 The Mississippi Supreme Court said,

00:03:28.380 eh, it's got a point, and maybe tone it down next time a little bit,

00:03:32.400 but we're not going to hold you accountable.

00:03:35.080 It wasn't until Fulgham v. State in 1871 that a court finally said,

00:03:39.320 actually, you know what? No, you can't just beat your wife even a little. Groundbreaking, right?

00:03:46.300 Here's the thing about these so-called legal wins, though. They didn't actually fix anything. Sure,

00:03:51.040 courts were like, maybe don't kill your wife, but the bar was set so low it was practically

00:03:56.260 underground. Women were still trapped in marriages with no way out. Divorce? Forget it. The laws were 0.99

00:04:02.000 written by men who didn't want their property, oops, sorry, I mean wives, walking away. Strange 0.93

00:04:08.600 how the GOP wants to bring back that state of affairs with their attacks on no-fault divorce,

00:04:12.980 right? And the cultural norms? Don't get me started. Women were expected to endure abuse

00:04:18.300 in silence because a good wife doesn't air the family's dirty laundry. Imagine living in a 1.00

00:04:23.360 society where your survival depends on keeping your mouth shut and smiling through the pain.

00:04:28.340 The system was stacked against them, and speaking out meant risking everything,

00:04:32.340 depending on the era that might mean your home, your kids, or your life. Domestic violence wasn't

00:04:37.700 just a personal issue, it was baked into the structure of society. And if you think it's bad

00:04:41.860 now, it was way worse back then. And for all the not-all-men bros out there shaking in rage like a

00:04:48.780 chihuahua on crack, I'm not saying that every man was beating their wives, but it certainly wasn't

00:04:54.040 forbidden by society. A woman might get one of the good ones, but it wasn't guaranteed, and if you

00:04:59.780 didn't. Too bad. So sad. 0.82

00:05:02.100 Be a lucky bride. He's handsome. He's tall. That is, from side to side. But he's a nice man. A

00:05:07.900 good catch, right? You heard he has a temper. He'll beat you every night. But only when he's

00:05:14.440 sober. So you're all right. Eventually, things start to shift in the 19th century because of

00:05:20.180 some very pissed off women, which tends to be what causes change all the time. And that brings 1.00

00:05:26.040 us to the temperance movement, where women took their first steps towards fighting back. Not with 1.00

00:05:30.720 fists, because that would be so unladylike, but with protests, petitions, and okay, occasionally

00:05:36.500 axes. Set the scene. It's 19th century, and alcohol is ruining lives. Specifically, women's lives.

00:05:43.860 Men are drinking away their wages, coming home drunk, and beating their wives. Fun fact, this is

00:05:49.020 why the temperance movement got its start. It wasn't about being puritanical buzzkills. It was

00:05:53.920 about survival. Okay, not just about being puritanical buzzkills. There was a little of

00:05:59.960 that mixed in there too. Enter the Women's Christian Temperance Union, or the WCTU, 0.65

00:06:06.340 founded in 1874. These were women who were done having these issues be ignored.

00:06:12.400 Frances Willard, the leader of this organization, was a total badass. She flipped traditional 1.00

00:06:16.960 notions of womanhood on their heads. Her rallying cry was home protection, which sounds kind of 1.00

00:06:22.840 cute and domestic, but it was really code for, we're coming for your booze and probably your 1.00

00:06:28.180 patriarchy. She made it socially acceptable for women to march, speak out, and demand change. 1.00

00:06:34.160 The WCTU didn't just sit around drinking tea and gossiping about how violent men were.

00:06:39.400 They hit the streets, organized protest, and shamed saloon owners into closing shop.

00:06:44.500 Imagine groups of women praying and singing hymns outside bars until the owners gave up and

00:06:49.160 poured their liquor into the gutter. It was petty, it was effective, and it was the start of something 0.96

00:06:54.400 bigger. But the WCTU wasn't just about alcohol. They had connected the dots between drinking,

00:07:00.180 domestic violence, and women's lack of legal rights. They created the first real safety nets

00:07:05.040 for battered women, temporary shelters, support groups, and even legal assistance. Mother Stewart,

00:07:10.460 one of the movement's OGs, called out abusive husbands in her speeches and fought to protect 0.86

00:07:15.220 their victims. She didn't just talk the talk, she walked the walk, marching straight into saloons 1.00

00:07:20.160 to demand justice. Eventually, the WCTU would link temperance to suffrage. Their argument? 0.99

00:07:26.500 Women needed the vote to protect themselves and their families. After all, how could they stop 1.00

00:07:31.160 domestic violence if they can't even pass laws? This wasn't just about alcohol, it was about

00:07:36.120 dismantling the system that let men control everything. Of course, not everyone was thrilled

00:07:41.000 about that, but we'll get to the backlash later. Of course, the WCTU wasn't perfect. For starters,

00:07:47.460 it was overwhelmingly white and overwhelmingly Protestant. They didn't exactly roll out the

00:07:52.020 welcome mat for women of color or those from different religious backgrounds. Also, their

00:07:56.760 focus on alcohol sometimes overshadowed the larger issue of systemic abuse. But hey, they were

00:08:02.940 working within the constraints of their time, and for a bunch of 19th century gals, they got a hell 1.00

00:08:07.840 have a lot done. Still, let's not sugarcoat it. A lot of people saw these women as moralistic

00:08:13.600 busybodies. Men hated them for obvious reasons, but even some suffragists thought they were doing 1.00

00:08:18.740 too much. Susan B. Anthony herself was kind of like, eh, let's focus on one thing, ladies. You're 0.99

00:08:23.720 making us all look bad. So where does this all leave us? By the late 19th century, the WCTU had

00:08:30.000 laid the groundwork for future reforms. They got people talking about domestic violence, opened the

00:08:34.920 first shelters, and tied it all to the bigger issues of women's rights in America. It was

00:08:39.520 grassroots activism at its finest, but progress was very slow. Fast forward to the 1950s and 1960s.

00:08:46.540 While the civil rights, anti-war, and women's lib movements were grabbing headlines, domestic

00:08:51.320 violence was still an issue that was lurking around the corner. In 1962, domestic violence

00:08:57.160 cases were shifted to family court, where civil procedures meant that abusers faced fewer

00:09:01.660 consequences than if they assaulted a stranger. Translation? Domestic violence was still treated

00:09:06.900 as less of a crime and more of a family squabble. By the early 1970s, feminists said enough is 0.94

00:09:14.160 enough. Women are done tolerating this systemic injustice that is allowing abusers to go unpunished 0.96

00:09:20.240 and survivors to suffer in silence. They declared, we will not be beaten, and sparked the Battered

00:09:26.000 Women's Movement, a grassroots organizing effort that forever changed public consciousness and

00:09:30.640 women's lives. For most of history, domestic violence wasn't a public issue. It was a dirty

00:09:35.740 little secret hidden behind closed doors and protected by a toxic cocktail of patriarchy 0.51

00:09:40.520 and religious tradition that taught women to be submissive to their husbands. But in the 1970s,

00:09:46.140 feminists made it political. They argued that domestic violence wasn't just about bad marriages, 1.00

00:09:51.000 it was about power, control, and systemic inequality. And they were right. This is where

00:09:56.120 survivor-led activism comes in. Women who had experienced abuse began organizing support groups,

00:10:02.620 sharing their stories, and creating safe spaces. Still, in many cities, married battered women who

00:10:08.000 left their husbands were denied welfare because their husband's income was still counted against

00:10:12.800 them. Yes, the system actively punished women for leaving their abusers. It makes absolutely zero

00:10:19.040 sense, but systemic sexism never does. These grassroots efforts eventually led to the creation

00:10:24.840 of the first domestic violence shelters. In 1977, New York State provided funding for shelters and

00:10:30.660 allowed married victims to file criminal charges against their abusive spouses. By 1983, there were

00:10:36.640 over 700 shelters across the U.S., serving more than 90,000 women and 130,000 children annually.

00:10:44.340 One of the major problems faced by victims of domestic abuse is the legal system, because

00:10:49.540 boy oh boy, did it need an overhaul. Up until the 1970s, law enforcement treated domestic violence

00:10:56.100 like a private matter. Translation, cops would show up, tell the husband to cool it, and leave

00:11:01.220 the wife to fend for herself. But thanks to feminist activism, that finally started to change. 1.00

00:11:07.040 By the 1980s, activists were demanding real legal protections for survivors. Restraining orders 0.99

00:11:12.560 became a thing, and laws were passed to criminalize domestic violence. Surprise, we live in a world

00:11:18.160 where it wasn't technically illegal to beat your wife until fairly recently. 1.00

00:11:22.720 Progress, I guess, but it was seriously overdue. 0.98

00:11:26.020 And then came the big one, the Violence Against Women Act.

00:11:29.240 Signed into law by Bill Clinton, ironic, I know,

00:11:32.720 VAWA created federal funding for shelters, hotlines, and legal aid all the way back in 1994.

00:11:39.120 It also strengthened penalties for abusers and made stalking a crime.

00:11:42.680 It was a game-changer, but it wasn't perfect.

00:11:45.220 For instance, it didn't fully address systemic barriers faced by marginalized survivors,

00:11:50.140 leaving many without adequate support.

00:11:52.860 Here's the catch.

00:11:53.880 Laws are only as good as their enforcement.

00:11:56.080 Restraining orders are great if police take them seriously.

00:11:59.480 Shelters are life-saving if they have enough funding.

00:12:02.360 And VAWA? Amazing.

00:12:03.760 But it didn't magically fix systemic problems like racism, classism, and homophobia,

00:12:08.780 which still left many survivors out in the cold.

00:12:11.800 But the real heroes were the survivors.

00:12:13.640 They didn't just benefit from these changes, they made them happen.

00:12:17.620 Women who had experienced abuse were the ones lobbying Congress, 0.81

00:12:21.060 running shelters, and sharing their stories in courtrooms. 1.00

00:12:24.120 They took their pain and turned it into power.

00:12:27.100 In the 1970s, grassroots organizing brought battered women out of the shadows and into the public eye.

00:12:32.700 Hotlines and crisis centers emerged as lifelines,

00:12:35.500 offering support and safety to survivors who had nowhere else to turn.

00:12:39.080 The mantra of the movement,

00:12:40.300 we will not be beaten, wasn't just catchy, it was revolutionary. Women who had been silenced

00:12:45.940 for centuries were finally demanding to be heard. The first domestic violence shelters were scrappy

00:12:51.380 as hell. The New York State Coalition Against Domestic Violence led the way, starting with

00:12:56.000 grassroots funding and sheer determination. For thousands of survivors, this wasn't just a place

00:13:01.400 to escape to, but a place to rebuild. One of the biggest successes of the battered women's movement

00:13:07.380 was its ability to grow and diversify. Advocacy groups like the New York Asian Women's Center

00:13:12.720 and others began addressing the unique needs of marginalized survivors, including women of color,

00:13:18.100 LGBTQ plus individuals, and immigrants. But it wasn't easy. Many early feminist groups centered

00:13:23.680 on white middle-class experiences, leaving others feeling excluded. It took years of activism to 1.00

00:13:29.200 carve out spaces for everyone, and we're still not done. Survivor advocacy didn't just change laws,

00:13:35.220 it changed how we talked about domestic violence, too. Before, the question was always sort of,

00:13:40.420 oh, why doesn't she just leave? But thanks to these activists, the narratives have begun to

00:13:45.180 subtly shift towards the idea of, why is the abuser allowed to stay? We've still got a long

00:13:50.860 way to go on that, I fully admit, but even a subtle change has had huge implications for

00:13:55.660 public understanding and policy. So we have made progress. Shelters, laws, support systems,

00:14:01.240 all of these are great. But guess what? Domestic violence is still a national crisis.

00:14:06.100 One in three women and one in four men experience some form of intimate partner violence in their

00:14:11.040 lifetime. And for many survivors, the system is less of a lifeline and more like quicksand.

00:14:16.500 One major problem is that while domestic violence shelters are life-saving,

00:14:20.500 they're also perpetually underfunded. By the year 2000, New York City alone had increased

00:14:25.920 its shelter capacity to over 1,300 beds, still nowhere enough to meet the growing demand.

00:14:31.940 Survivors are often turned away because there aren't enough beds for them, and many shelters

00:14:36.040 can't provide specialized care for LGBTQ plus survivors, immigrants, or people with disabilities.

00:14:42.020 It's like putting a band-aid on a bullet wound and saying, good luck. Then there's the justice 0.79

00:14:46.900 system. Restraining orders? Useful in theory, but enforcement is wildly inconsistent.

00:14:53.240 But Earl walked right through that restraining motor and put her in intensive care.

00:15:00.760 And don't even get me started on how race and class affect outcomes. Women of color and low-income 1.00

00:15:06.800 survivors are often dismissed or outright ignored by police and courts. It's as if the system was

00:15:12.340 built for white middle-class women and everyone else was an afterthought. Oh wait, it was. 1.00

00:15:19.540 And to top it all off, let's talk about guns, because surprise, they make everything worse.

00:15:24.940 When a domestic abuser has access to a firearm, the risk of homicide increases by 500%.

00:15:30.980 Five hundred percent. Guns don't just escalate violence, they make it deadly.

00:15:38.180 The Lautenberg Amendment in 1996 was supposed to be a game changer for this.

00:15:42.600 It bans anyone convicted of a misdemeanor domestic violence offense or subject to a restraining order

00:15:48.620 from owning a gun. Strangely enough, most of our police force are still carrying guns despite the

00:15:55.000 fact that they abuse their spouses at a higher rate than the average for the rest of the public.

00:16:01.140 But that's an entirely separate episode, I think. So while that amendment sounds great,

00:16:06.500 enforcement is patchy at best. States handle everything differently depending upon where you

00:16:11.820 are, and some don't bother enforcing the ban at all, really. And here's the kicker. The law

00:16:17.260 doesn't always cover you if you aren't legally married to your partner. So if your boyfriend is

00:16:22.520 abusive, he might still be able to keep his arsenal. Yeah, because that makes sense. But

00:16:27.380 there is hope. Advocacy groups like Gifford's Law Center are fighting to close those loopholes and

00:16:32.280 push for stronger protections. Their message is clear. Domestic abusers and guns don't mix. Period.

00:16:39.000 So here we are in 2025. We've got laws, shelters, and a few innovative ideas, but there's still a

00:16:45.640 lot of work to be done. There was one term that I saw a lot while researching this episode, and it

00:16:50.880 was something called trauma-informed care. It's an approach that recognizes that survivors are

00:16:55.760 carrying more than just physical scars. They're dealing with deep emotional wounds that affect

00:17:00.560 every aspect of their lives. Organizations have begun integrating trauma-informed practices into

00:17:06.040 everything from counseling to law enforcement training. The idea is simple. Survivors need

00:17:11.360 compassion, not judgment. It's like saying, hey, we see you, we're here to help, what do you need?

00:17:17.940 And honestly, isn't that the least we can do when history built the system that increased the

00:17:22.460 suffering? Cultural attitudes towards domestic violence have also begun to shift thanks to

00:17:27.580 decades of advocacy, but there is still work to be done. Take marital rape, for example. It wasn't

00:17:33.340 even a crime in all 50 states until 1993. Let that sink in. For centuries, the law literally gave

00:17:40.220 husbands free reign to assault their wives. And while cultural norms are changing, there are still

00:17:45.540 places where old-school patriarchal values hold sway. And more and more often, we are seeing men

00:17:51.040 online who still hold the views that marriage equals absolute access to sex. And let's not

00:17:57.440 forget about prevention. Schools and community organizations are starting to implement programs

00:18:02.260 that teach kids about healthy relationships, consent, and conflict resolution. The goal is

00:18:07.660 to break the cycle of abuse before it begins. Programs like these might not make headlines,

00:18:12.820 but they're quietly laying the groundwork for a future where domestic violence isn't just managed,

00:18:17.840 it's gone. Innovation isn't just about new laws or fancy programs either. It's about shifting the

00:18:24.320 way we think about domestic violence at every level, personal, cultural, and systemic. And

00:18:29.680 while we've come a long way, there is still so much more to do. So what can we learn from history

00:18:34.600 to guide us into the future. Looking back, it's clear that we've come a long way from the days

00:18:40.300 when domestic violence was just considered discipline. The Women's Christian Temperance

00:18:45.340 Union and the later Women's Lib Movement showed us that grassroots-level advocacy works. These

00:18:51.920 efforts led to the creation of shelters, hotlines, and public education campaigns. They turned

00:18:56.780 domestic violence from a taboo subject into a societal issue that demanded attention.

00:19:01.980 Collective action works.

00:19:03.760 The WCTU didn't just pray their way into progress.

00:19:06.940 They organized, protested, and made people pay attention.

00:19:10.400 They might have focused a bit too much on the issue of alcohol,

00:19:13.680 but they realized it was a connected issue.

00:19:16.360 Similarly, the grassroots battered women's movement 0.63

00:19:18.760 didn't wait for the government to intervene.

00:19:21.300 Systemic change takes time and a hell of a lot of persistence.

00:19:24.860 The battle to criminalize marital rape didn't succeed until 1993,

00:19:28.700 and the Violence Against Women Act wasn't passed until 1994, but each milestone builds on the last,

00:19:35.380 showing that progress is possible when people refuse to give up. However, history has also

00:19:40.580 shown that progress is fragile and uneven. Enforcement of laws is patchy, and loopholes

00:19:46.420 make it easy for abusers to skirt the law, and even the battered women's movement has its blind

00:19:51.260 spots. So what can we take from all of this? That progress is possible, but it is not inevitable.

00:19:57.540 Every step forward from the first domestic violence shelters to landmark laws

00:20:01.620 was the result of hard work, activism, and relentless advocacy.

00:20:06.400 But history also reminds us that the fight is far from over.

00:20:09.520 Survivors are still falling through the cracks of a system that isn't built to fully support them.

00:20:14.220 If we're going to honor the work of those who came before us, we have to keep pushing for change.

00:20:18.760 Because if there's one thing history has taught us, it's that silence helps the oppressor,

00:20:23.640 Action helps the survivor, and there's no room for complacency when lives are on the line.

00:20:29.180 So what actions and policies can help?

00:20:31.700 I mean, first and foremost, we need more gun laws.

00:20:34.700 And I'm a gun owner myself, so don't get all, but, but, but the Second Amendment on me.

00:20:39.640 The Lautenberg Amendment was a step in the right direction, but enforcement is too patchy,

00:20:43.760 and abusers too often get their hands on firearms or just never have them taken away in the first place.

00:20:49.400 Domestic abusers and guns are a deadly combination that we need to stop.

00:20:53.900 We also need to fund shelters.

00:20:55.560 They are a lifeline for survivors, but like I said, they are perpetually underfunded and overwhelmed.

00:21:01.620 The future demands fully funded inclusive shelter systems where no one is turned away.

00:21:06.600 We also can't let right-wing politicians get their way on making it harder for people to procure a divorce.

00:21:12.460 We can't let them push the narrative that taking away guns from domestic abusers is just a slippery slope to full gun grabs.

00:21:20.140 And access to abortion and birth control have to be ensured as well,

00:21:23.640 because reproductive choice is a major part of domestic abuse and control.

00:21:28.500 And here's where you come in, dear listener.

00:21:30.720 You don't have to be a policymaker or a social worker to make a difference.

00:21:34.340 Here are a few simple but impactful ways to help.

00:21:37.540 Donate to or volunteer with your local shelter or advocacy group.

00:21:41.000 These organizations are doing the heavy lifting and can always use more resources.

00:21:45.840 One of the easiest things you can do is when you're having that Marie Kondo-inspired spring cleaning,

00:21:51.560 take those clothes to the women's shelter, not to Goodwill.

00:21:55.960 Goodwill doesn't need them. Have you seen the state those stores are in?

00:22:00.280 The women's shelter can do a lot more good with them. 0.99

00:22:03.760 Also, contact your representatives and demand action on closing gun control loopholes,

00:22:08.400 increasing funding for shelters, and expanding education programs.

00:22:12.980 I know, I know it hasn't worked yet, but again, persistence.

00:22:18.000 Use your platforms, social media, your workplace, your community,

00:22:21.580 to educate others about domestic violence and the resources available.

00:22:26.080 And if someone in your life is experiencing abuse, offer support without judgment.

00:22:30.840 Listen to them, believe them, and help them access resources if they're ready.

00:22:35.900 The vision for the future isn't just about fixing what's broken.

00:22:38.900 It's about building a world where domestic violence doesn't happen in the first place.

00:22:43.060 That means better policies, more inclusive advocacy,

00:22:45.980 and a culture that values empathy, accountability, and, goddammit, therapy.

00:22:51.320 It's a big job, but history has shown us that when people come together to demand change,

00:22:55.460 amazing things can happen.

00:22:57.540 Be part of the solution.

00:22:59.500 Whether it's advocating for universal background checks and red flag laws

00:23:03.160 to keep guns out of the hands of abusers or helping to fund inclusive shelters, your voice

00:23:08.160 and your actions matter. But let's be real. Progress is so slow, and sometimes it feels

00:23:13.940 like we're fighting an uphill battle through the snow, uphill, both ways. But as history

00:23:19.140 has shown us, when women come together, we get shit done. So let's keep going. 1.00

00:23:23.200 if you or someone you know needs help the national domestic violence hotline is available

00:23:35.000 24 7 at 1-800-799-7233 that's it for this episode of bitchy history if you enjoyed the show

00:23:47.240 don't keep it to yourself subscribe review and share it with someone who loves history as much

00:23:51.960 as we do. Until next time, stay curious and keep questioning the world around you.

Bitchy History - January 15, 2025

Bitchy History： The History of Domestic Violence in America

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