For The Wild - InTheField： WANDA KASHUDOHA CULP on Rooted Lifeways of the Tongass ⧸148

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00:00:25.200 Hey for the wild listeners, Ayanna here.

00:00:28.200 I'd like to take a moment to thank the city of Bend, Oregon.

00:00:32.040 As we near the winter solstice, I'm looking forward to honoring the many gifts these cold months bring us,

00:00:38.560 including vast snow-covered landscapes and new opportunities for adventure.

00:00:44.080 If you're like me, you enjoy visiting places that respect Earth and all its offerings.

00:00:49.400 Bend is known for its incredible mountain adventures like skiing and snowboarding on Mount Bachelor

00:00:55.180 or snowshoeing across Newberry Caldera. Bend, Oregon is a member of Pledge for the Wild,

00:01:02.060 a group of mountain towns that support responsible tourism by encouraging visitors to give back to

00:01:07.760 local organizations that are tending to these wild places year-round. If you're looking for

00:01:13.240 a winter getaway, consider visiting Bend, Oregon and help preserve Bend's winter splendor by giving

00:01:19.500 back at pledgewildbend.com. That's pledgewildbend.com.

00:01:39.480 Welcome to For the Wild podcast, in the Field Edition. I'm Ayanna Young.

00:01:49.500 This is the first episode of In the Field, a new bioregional, place-based storytelling series that For the Wild has been co-creating for the past four years.

00:02:02.180 I began working on this series back in 2016, during my first trip to Prince of Wales Island in southeast Alaska.

00:02:09.880 I had gone up with my dear ally, Jade Begay, along with a coven of women that I had barely known for a month, intent on bearing witness to ground zero of old-growth logging, on this island that has more roads than any other in the Tongass National Forest.

00:02:28.400 This eye-opening journey spawned the creation of our mythopoetic film, When Old Growth Ends,

00:02:35.500 an offering to the sacred constellation of salmon, old-growth trees, and original stewards of the

00:02:42.140 Tongass, the Tlingit, Haida, and Shimshian peoples. Upon returning home, I felt so proud

00:02:50.140 of the film that we had created together. But my intuition knew this wasn't enough.

00:02:56.260 I knew I had to go back and tend my relationships with the people and the land that I had started

00:03:01.840 and be a witness to their stories.

00:03:05.320 Over the past few years, I have continued to travel back with a few new stops along the way

00:03:11.140 to deepen my relationships, old and new, with the bears, with the local people,

00:03:17.900 with the waters, and with the glaciers.

00:03:21.440 The In the Field episodes that we'll be sharing over the coming months and into the future

00:03:26.620 are a reflection of these complex and winding relationships, featuring organizers, land

00:03:33.580 defenders, and voices fighting on the ground.

00:03:37.740 Sharing these intimate conversations that took place in person, over breakfasts, long

00:03:43.480 walks, and adventures on the river, is a reminder that nurturing connection and showing

00:03:49.700 up with integrity in the little moments are how we will remake each other and the world.

00:03:56.260 In the Field is about asking questions, listening, and holding each other in the darkness and

00:04:02.800 lightness of our earthly experiences. We humbly offer ourselves and this platform to those fighting

00:04:10.080 for land and life, whose honest testimony of place we so desperately need to navigate the

00:04:17.400 ever-shifting Anthropocene. This week and next, we bring you episodes from the Tongass,

00:04:24.600 the still-beating heart of the temperate rainforest that once blanketed the coastlines

00:04:29.360 from Northern California up through Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska.

00:04:36.140 We share the stories of our dear allies, two Tlingit women, Wanda Kashudaha Culp and Kasayage,

00:04:44.800 as the Trump administration and U.S. Forest Service

00:04:48.700 moved to rescind a policy called Roadless Rule

00:04:52.060 that would reopen 9.2 million acres of protected land

00:04:56.700 back up to logging and resource extraction.

00:05:00.360 We hope their stories make the forest come alive for you,

00:05:04.420 as they have for me,

00:05:06.200 and move you to stand up for one of the most precious

00:05:09.520 living libraries left on this earth.

00:05:12.360 Please visit our website at forthewild.world to make a public comment today, and add your

00:05:20.440 voice to keep roadless rule protections in place.

00:05:23.700 Now let's begin.

00:05:42.360 Long before I see your eyes

00:05:47.640 Got no time for coffee

00:05:52.640 Now I gotta run

00:06:04.620 Today we visit Wanda Kashudaha Culp. 0.94

00:06:08.700 Wanda is a Tlingit woman from the village of Huna in southeast Alaska that sits within

00:06:13.820 the Tongass rainforest. 0.98

00:06:15.740 In Wanda's words, she is a professional paper pusher and artist by trade, a hunter, fisherwoman,

00:06:22.680 and gatherer of wild foods.

00:06:25.640 She is a fierce and longtime forest defender and the Women's Earth and Climate Action

00:06:30.600 Network coordinator for the Tongass National Forest.

00:06:33.460 it feels right to begin with wanda as she was one of the people i spoke with during my first

00:06:40.740 trip up to prince of wales with the crew of when old growth ends we were joined by emily

00:06:46.840 aramison and osprey oriel lake the founder and executive director of the women's earth

00:06:52.300 and climate action network whose voice you'll hear in the recordings when i think back to this time

00:06:59.520 I remember feeling really nervous about this interview.

00:07:03.080 It's one thing to travel with a group of friends and make a film,

00:07:06.880 but it's another to be mirrored by someone like Wanda,

00:07:10.640 who is of the land.

00:07:12.880 It was so clear to me that this wasn't about us,

00:07:16.740 and it wasn't about our journey,

00:07:19.360 but something much larger that was asking us to listen in a new way,

00:07:23.960 show up with intention,

00:07:24.840 and for many of us, wrestle with how to be good allies, especially to indigenous communities.

00:07:32.120 Before the interview, my dear friends Miriam, Mila, and Bryn walked down to the docks in search

00:07:38.960 of local salmon, and the incredible kitchen witches they are cooked a big feast for Wanda

00:07:44.640 and her friends. I remember seeing this huge platter with the most beautiful pink salmon

00:07:50.960 adorned with berries and ferns and other forest plants. Over the next few days, we gave gifts to

00:07:57.900 one another, hiked in the forest, picked berries, and walked the clear cuts. Altogether, sweet and

00:08:06.500 heartbreaking, the time we spent with Wanda was such a gift. She challenged me and opened my eyes

00:08:15.020 to the wider picture of ongoing extraction in southeast Alaska beyond the story of old-growth

00:08:20.440 logging. Filled with such fiery passion and an indomitable warrior spirit, as you'll hear,

00:08:29.120 Wanda's words are ones that I return to again and again for guidance in this time.

00:08:34.220 This is where national interest needs to be blown up and magnified, and every American person who

00:08:41.680 walks the street needs to know, this is your land, America. Say something about it. Feel

00:08:46.980 protective towards it because this is a rainforest this is a living organism the whole thing

00:08:54.320 and nobody sees it that way

00:08:56.380 so we're coming very humbly to you and to the people of the land here to learn from you to

00:09:11.080 hear your story and you know this this intersection between you know caring for the forest uplifting

00:09:18.220 indigenous voices what it is that you see your vision for your territories and how can we support

00:09:24.100 that we are just newcomers coming from all different intersections of life but with a

00:09:29.820 common desire that we want to protect life and we want to protect these lands that hold so much

00:09:36.200 knowledge that we can't even begin to understand yes it's been the women picking up the battle

00:09:43.400 and being so verbose more women than the men because of the same thing all of the wildlife

00:09:50.940 that lives around us has families and we understand about families and home a safe home for the future 0.84

00:10:00.360 Every living thing needs that.

00:10:03.120 Our elders say, for instance, we love seal meat, we love seal,

00:10:07.240 and we go after and hunt them.

00:10:10.740 We understand them.

00:10:13.300 They'll say, if you understand the family life of a seal, 0.58

00:10:17.420 you will understand the family life of a truncet. 0.98

00:10:20.900 As the first people in this country, 1.00

00:10:23.280 when it was way a different environment and a different world,

00:10:26.940 we learned from the wildlife.

00:10:29.800 As we grew in numbers, we broke into two different halves, eagles and the ravens.

00:10:35.460 I'm an eagle, and each of our families on the eagle or raven side has sub-families that people call clans.

00:10:44.400 I don't like to use clans because it takes the face of a family away, because that's what we are, families.

00:10:52.100 We relate to all living things that way.

00:10:55.560 We believe that every living thing has a soul and is alive.

00:11:00.340 The air, the water, the glaciers, the mountains, everything has a soul and a story.

00:11:07.280 That's how we learn.

00:11:08.880 Our history is older than Christ.

00:11:12.260 They're trying to say that our way of life is old and a thing of the past.

00:11:15.980 Then that means that every living thing is old and a thing of the past.

00:11:20.340 And that is the brain that's stepping on us right now.

00:11:24.900 If you can't relate to what you're destroying,

00:11:28.060 then you're doing it thoughtlessly and with no heart,

00:11:30.720 and that's what's happening now.

00:11:32.660 That is the disrespect for living.

00:11:36.280 Before land claims, we were Tlingit's, Haida's, Simsyan's, Inuit, all of us. 1.00

00:11:43.320 Indigenous people of Alaska, used and occupied all of Alaska.

00:11:48.720 Russia never owned any part of us. 0.88

00:11:51.040 They had contact with Yakutat, got beat out of there, 0.64

00:11:53.880 and ended up in Sitka, and they had trading rights.

00:11:58.420 That's it.

00:11:59.520 They didn't come inside waters around us because we would award them.

00:12:03.500 We've never been defeated.

00:12:06.100 Then Alaska becomes part of the United States.

00:12:10.300 1867, the first 12 years, we were under martial law.

00:12:14.320 So that mentality has stuck to this day.

00:12:18.660 And following martial law, it was decided that we needed to be civilized,

00:12:24.520 So they brought the marshals, the preachers, and the teachers.

00:12:29.600 That is when we became illegal in our own midst.

00:12:33.300 That's when we became unemployed.

00:12:35.020 That's when we became undereducated.

00:12:37.380 That's when every impact of our life started.

00:12:40.960 And they were telling us that we were old-fashioned.

00:12:43.840 We were punished severely for being who they are.

00:12:47.980 Speaking trinket.

00:12:49.560 I heard just the other day of one of our elders who's passed now.

00:12:53.880 She was in a, they put us in schools, right, and punished us for speaking our language.

00:13:00.540 And this one gal from Hoonah, Tuffy, she'd speak Tlingit, and they'd beat her, and she'd stand up and do it again. 1.00

00:13:09.980 They'd beat her, and she'd stand up and do it again. 0.99

00:13:13.620 And that's what she did. 0.96

00:13:15.940 Consequently, the ones that were telling me they're older, and they speak the language, Tlingit language, and I don't.

00:13:21.900 but they said that's why we speak it because she did that and it took that kind of courage

00:13:28.580 and that's the kind of courage it takes any time to speak out when the masses are against you

00:13:34.840 when Alaska had to be populated and we under the treaties from Russia and then even the state of

00:13:44.900 Alaska constitution says that we're not to be disturbed but have we ever been disturbed it's

00:13:51.500 never been held sacred that we be allowed to be who we are because right off the bat they did to

00:13:59.960 us what they did to the ones down south and that's making them feel like not human beings 0.90

00:14:05.740 trying to mold them into being white and it's not working

00:14:11.000 we cannot begin to understand the battles over land and water unfolding in the tongas

00:14:25.320 today until we peel back the layers of time to unearth all that has been stolen from the

00:14:31.780 indigenous peoples of so-called alaska as wanda shares the state has tried to sever the web of

00:14:39.960 life-sustaining relations and sacred bonds within the Tongass since the first point of contact. 1.00

00:14:46.620 They have tried to extinguish the powerful spirit of people in place, criminalizing indigenous 0.99

00:14:52.680 lifeways that did not fit in with the state's paradigm of whiteness and capitalistic productivity.

00:14:59.760 This violation, what began with early colonial and missionary settlements, Alaska's annexation

00:15:07.000 by the U.S., martial law, and boarding schools continued on into the mid-20th century through

00:15:14.040 land claims, disputes between the tribes and the state over land ownership, and resource

00:15:19.220 use in the Tongass.

00:15:27.760 So our battle for land claims was we want to live in our midst, hunt, fish, gather, prepare

00:15:34.900 for the future and continue our lifestyle. Well, everybody politically is saying that

00:15:43.080 we're backwards. We've got to come into the modern world. Well, our culture is so strong

00:15:50.040 and beautiful and it is being exploited. Everybody loves us. Tourists want to see us, but we're

00:15:58.100 the poorest people in Alaska. Land claims, the dirty, rotten trick that Congress did

00:16:03.520 to us because um alaska natives were able in 1950s and 60s to stop the big oil barons from

00:16:11.820 coming into alaska to start drilling because our land claims was growing and growing

00:16:18.340 the secretary of interior udall at the time put a land freeze on all of the um advancement of oil

00:16:27.900 companies you know and you can imagine how that upset them you don't tell them no right

00:16:33.160 well we did so land claims congress had to face land claims and once they did

00:16:38.220 we understand now how it works lobbyists they run congress every one of those guys are bought

00:16:45.560 and paid for and so land claims to me turns out to be nothing but the revenge of the oil and gas

00:16:53.040 companies because land claims has turned on us all of alaska is ours we're people of the land

00:17:00.660 the people of the sea, people of the forest, and yet we are eliminated.

00:17:05.340 Well, the Forest Service, get this, this is national interest land.

00:17:09.760 This is where I come from when I'm saying this is your land.

00:17:12.700 National interest belongs to everybody here, not to us.

00:17:17.120 For decades, the indigenous peoples across Alaska had been fighting for their rights

00:17:22.400 to their ancestral homelands.

00:17:25.040 Congress, however, dragged its feet on reparations with tribes until it was clear

00:17:30.240 that territory disputes were holding up the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline.

00:17:36.560 Federal and state governments, oil companies, conservationists, and the Alaska Federation

00:17:42.460 of Natives eventually came to a compromise, and shortly thereafter, the Alaska Native

00:17:48.540 Claims Settlement Act, commonly known as ANCSA, was signed into law in 1971 by Richard Nixon.

00:17:56.580 ANCSA extinguished Aboriginal title to the land in exchange for 44 million acres, 11% of Alaska Natives' original land base, as well as $962.5 million in compensation.

00:18:10.780 These assets, however, were not given directly to the people, but to newly formed native

00:18:18.400 corporations.

00:18:20.160 Imposing a rigid, capitalist structure over diverse tribes and cultures, ANCSA carved

00:18:26.420 out 12 regional corporations and nearly 200 village corporations that remain in control

00:18:32.460 of the land and resources.

00:18:33.780 Headquartered in Juneau, Sea Alaska is the largest regional corporation

00:18:39.780 and Hoonatotum is the village corporation in Wanda's community.

00:18:44.060 What they said was that none of our rights would be taken from us without our knowledge.

00:18:49.840 Well, that didn't happen with AMSCA because they had a person from here

00:18:54.240 and maybe somebody else from way over there and way over there and way over there.

00:18:57.760 They called themselves Alaska Federation of Natives.

00:19:00.760 And those were the ones that Congress and the President used to sanction ANSCA.

00:19:07.480 None of us knew what was going on.

00:19:10.320 Not only did they put lands in corporations, but they gave it to the state of Alaska.

00:19:15.660 State of Alaska, all of our native lands is under the state of Alaska.

00:19:20.820 Half of the recognized American Indian tribes are in Alaska.

00:19:26.240 Alaska does not recognize tribes or tribal members.

00:19:29.180 So therefore, they made us corporations and shareholders rather than brothers and sisters and family.

00:19:39.380 They made us business people.

00:19:41.200 We already had our business before any Americans came by us. 0.76

00:19:45.940 We had our fishing business.

00:19:47.620 We had our hunting, bartering.

00:19:50.780 We bartered with each other.

00:19:52.660 What this one don't have, this one will.

00:19:55.060 Same thing on Tichikov Island or any of the islands.

00:19:59.460 You know, we traveled and bartered inside passage here.

00:20:03.460 This is canoe passage.

00:20:05.700 That's our trade route.

00:20:07.280 And we utilized everything.

00:20:10.760 Because we didn't wipe it out or make a mess,

00:20:15.680 the federal government said we weren't using and occupying huge parts of our land.

00:20:20.620 and then by the early 80s is when the logging started.

00:20:25.680 So Sea Alaska started forming in the 70s

00:20:28.460 and the ones that helped form it that were traditional thinkers got fired

00:20:34.800 and others moved in.

00:20:37.980 I'll say this here.

00:20:40.140 Because of the stigma of being an indigenous person before ANSCA,

00:20:46.640 it was a lot of shame and a lot of grief.

00:20:50.620 so there was a lot of us that didn't claim blood and so as soon as ASCA came on the Bureau of Indian

00:21:02.120 Affairs came around to our houses and did what they called enrollment we got enrolled we got

00:21:07.440 our BIA numbers we're the only people in America with numbers by the way American Indians so the

00:21:14.420 ones that they didn't know who were native were invited to come to the Alaska Native Brotherhood

00:21:19.860 hall and sign up for ANSCA and become shareholders non-native they were the ones that were claiming

00:21:27.520 to be non-native and once money and land came in this like out of the woodwork came all these

00:21:34.320 people and I can remember my mom and her buddies were all lined up you know to become enrolled

00:21:40.040 suddenly those are the ones that are running the corporations now does that make sense oh yeah so

00:21:45.460 So then the ones in the villages, we remain, as it's called, tribal thinkers.

00:21:51.540 So we've got tribal thinkers and corporate thinkers now.

00:21:54.700 Down south, you've got reservation and non-reservation. 0.95

00:21:57.580 You see what they've done to us? Split and conquer. It works like a charm. 0.74

00:22:15.460 So the corporations, Alaska Native corporations, are not operating out of the villages.

00:22:36.020 So we've got 12 regional corporations, and for Southeast Alaska, that's Sea Alaska.

00:22:40.820 And then within each village, we have village corporations.

00:22:45.460 In Juneau, there are five village corporations, plus Sea Alaska.

00:22:51.460 They're not in the villages creating the jobs.

00:22:54.460 They're in Juneau looking down on us in the village saying,

00:22:58.460 oh, your job will be to clean the toilets, or for logging you'll be doing the hard stuff that'll get you killed.

00:23:04.460 They put our people in the most dangerous or the menial jobs.

00:23:08.460 We're not in charge of ourselves.

00:23:12.460 aren't saying here's a project coming your way put it into the village and you get your people

00:23:18.460 together your experts and and you operate it and then put everybody to work that's not happening

00:23:25.900 from the inside out it's happening from the outside in and people who have never been

00:23:31.180 stepped foot in the beautiful place like this are the ones that are saying chop it down get rid of

00:23:37.380 let's make some money because my bank book needs it I want a nice big house I

00:23:44.140 want everything I want the American dream so what's our dream look like you

00:23:50.800 know what is the American dream for us we have a right to that American dream

00:23:55.700 in our vision not in a stamped position like the colonial people say this is how

00:24:03.540 you live you go to church go to school you do this you do that throughout

00:24:07.200 life and what does it mean though what does it mean there's so much more to

00:24:14.340 life than than these things the education that we need living off of the

00:24:19.800 land is right here on the water on the land this is where our education is the

00:24:25.200 most effective

00:24:37.200 I believe in being ready. I believe in being ready. I believe in being ready for the time

00:24:50.880 is drawing near. From the outset, Congress sold ANCSA as an experiment in economic stimulation

00:25:00.200 and promised the corporation's profits and wealth would be shared with affected communities.

00:25:06.180 But as Wanda relates, this couldn't be further from the truth.

00:25:10.460 In reality, ANCSA set the stage for corporate development and rampant resource extraction

00:25:16.040 in mining, timber, and tourism, forcing members of tribes to become shareholders.

00:25:22.700 The divisive corporate structure of ANCSA has also deeply fractured Wanda's community,

00:25:28.940 eroded indigenous sovereignty, and taken away people's ability to represent their own interests.

00:25:34.960 The law also contains loopholes that allow non-natives to acquire shares

00:25:39.560 and limit the ways shares could be passed down,

00:25:43.320 threatening future generations' rights to their land.

00:25:46.680 So you see how there's no protection under this corporate structure.

00:25:51.940 None for us.

00:25:52.820 It's designed to make our communities faceless.

00:25:57.100 It's designed to take our tongues away.

00:25:59.200 As long as these corporate heads that you meet go to our National Indian Education Conferences

00:26:05.440 or to our National Congress of American Indian Conferences and represent us, that is wrong.

00:26:12.160 We have to even educate the national organizations that,

00:26:16.420 no, you don't let corporate people come into from Alaska and say they're speaking for the villages and the tribes.

00:26:21.860 They're not.

00:26:22.540 We don't have a group that represents our voice, our face, our feelings.

00:26:30.280 I wanted to bring their propaganda forward because it's what it is.

00:26:35.080 The Sealaskan Newsletter right here. 1.00

00:26:38.700 When they blend it with the Tlingit language, it's so deceiving. 0.70

00:26:43.260 Ha'ani literally means our land. 1.00

00:26:46.040 They shouldn't be missing like that because it's to their advantage 0.67

00:26:49.820 to make it look like they're working with us when they're not.

00:26:52.540 They changed their Sea Alaska timber operation to Ha'ani.

00:26:57.000 So do you see how it just vagues out their purpose?

00:27:00.700 You know, and here it says that Sea Alaska provides 600 jobs in their logging.

00:27:05.160 You know, they make it sound like it's us that have these jobs.

00:27:09.000 So who are these jobs for?

00:27:10.320 I'll tell you who it's for.

00:27:11.340 It's for the logging industry's people.

00:27:14.140 Because each industry that comes in around us has their own people.

00:27:17.940 And we get to be the bottom of the stick or the who end of the stick.

00:27:21.660 We're the service end.

00:27:23.360 Every one of us know how to wash dishes and clean up pooper.

00:27:26.940 So we don't need training, right?

00:27:28.580 We're just so valuable.

00:27:30.700 And the corporation has made sure all of our small business has been eliminated in the last 13 years.

00:27:37.860 So we, oh, I just won't even go into it.

00:27:40.060 But now we have to start from ground zero and say,

00:27:44.060 we want our community building back from that corporation, and we're going to fight for it.

00:27:48.420 Then the next step, we want our tribal council back, so we're going to fight for it.

00:27:54.720 Next thing, the Sea Alaska and Hoonatotum corporations are going to have to learn to listen to us,

00:28:00.520 and they're not going to, because the state of Alaska is going to make sure they don't,

00:28:05.060 and they coexist off of each other.

00:28:07.580 We need to be running our show, not a bunch of others that don't know it.

00:28:11.760 And as long as we don't understand the corporate structure,

00:28:15.460 as long as the classrooms and the state of Alaska education system

00:28:20.020 is not teaching us about what corporations are all about

00:28:23.400 and shareholders, we're going to be floundering forever.

00:28:26.260 And it's not right because now we have little kids coming up

00:28:29.060 that don't know anything.

00:28:31.040 And it's by design.

00:28:32.620 I tell people, our own people, you turn around,

00:28:35.680 you look at all the land around us.

00:28:38.120 That's our land.

00:28:39.500 Do you hear what I'm saying?

00:28:40.340 This is our land.

00:28:42.760 And how are we being treated?

00:28:43.960 the worst. We're the ones that are looked at with suspicion. Our way of life is under attack.

00:28:50.700 And yet all this is our land. Sitting across from Wanda as she spoke about the divisiveness

00:28:58.120 and toxicity that ANCSA has seeded within her community was shocking and heartbreaking.

00:29:05.200 I remember her speaking with such an intelligent, nuanced understanding of these convoluted laws

00:29:11.760 and legal jargon that, in all honesty, I hadn't known that much about. But for her was a necessity

00:29:19.920 to survive under this kind of corporate and state violence. What I thought was a story about the U.S. 0.91

00:29:26.660 Forest Service and old-growth logging quickly came into greater clarity in its hulking, monstrous

00:29:33.560 form. A complex, corporate, colonial, capitalistic machine that is draining the sacred and feeding

00:29:41.360 from the bodies of the lands, rivers, winds, and glaciers. Wanda's words connected the dots for me

00:29:48.820 between these interconnected violences, from the clear cuts to the decline of salmon to missing

00:29:56.520 and murdered indigenous people. I also felt the urgency and sacred rage with which Wanda charted

00:30:03.820 a map of her life story deep within my bones. To not only live within a system that's trying to

00:30:10.640 steal your land and spirit, but to be silenced within this experience. To have the Tlingit 0.97

00:30:17.100 linguistic and artistic forms inscribed on the letterhead of corporate capitalism is so sickeningly

00:30:24.640 cruel. While exposing these violences, Wanda, in her fiery, spirited form, also unearthed the vast

00:30:33.920 wealth and beauty of this place, and the unrelenting determination of her people.

00:30:38.820 While others have an agenda to take, to produce, to extract

00:30:43.280 Wanda's has been to give back to the forest

00:30:46.240 To honor the traditional ways of her people

00:30:48.800 And to protect the great beings of this land

00:30:51.740 When the rest of the sun meets the juniper

00:30:57.120 The color is the song of the meadow

00:31:05.720 How many miles have you already wings flown

00:31:16.260 Still love is as lost as you've ever known

00:31:28.120 Love is as lost as you've ever known

00:31:33.020 Sweet as the sage and land you're never

00:31:40.860 To witness the song of the metal off

00:31:50.800 Well how many miles have I wandered on

00:31:59.140 There's another part of the law that spawned from Anselm and it's called ANILCA,

00:32:06.780 Alaska National Interest Conservation Act.

00:32:10.940 And that's where all the federal lands belong to everybody under ANILCA.

00:32:16.600 Title VIII is the one that applies to us.

00:32:19.840 And that is supposed to be the protection of Alaska Native people to hunt, fish, gather,

00:32:25.740 as they did in the past, for the future, and present.

00:32:30.280 However, the Forest Service doesn't know how to administer it,

00:32:33.420 so therefore it's not happening.

00:32:36.000 We could really tackle that one.

00:32:38.260 Utilizing local people, how hard is that?

00:32:41.680 I'm not talking the politicians.

00:32:43.800 I'm talking the real people who hunt, fish, gather, and live off the land.

00:32:48.560 Because the Forest Service is clueless.

00:32:51.140 We're the ones not at the table.

00:32:53.080 In 1980, Congress passed ANILCA, the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act,

00:33:01.060 with the stated intention of conserving Alaska's natural heritage and protecting native rights to hunt and fish.

00:33:08.480 The federal law, however, also granted equal subsistence rights to both native and non-native residents living in rural regions.

00:33:17.480 This and a string of subsistence regulations determined by the government have undermined

00:33:23.120 and criminalized people's traditional ways of harvesting food from the land as they have done

00:33:28.260 for thousands of years. While Anilka offers the possibility of protections for Alaska Natives,

00:33:35.260 Wanda speaks to a much fuller picture of subsistence and how this regulatory framework

00:33:40.340 impacts her community's ability to feel nourished and connected with wild foods.

00:33:46.060 To move towards greater food sovereignty, we must ask the important question of access.

00:33:52.200 Like who is really being prioritized within this system?

00:33:55.340 So what that does, it made anyone who moves into this village can subsist.

00:34:01.860 They can go out and set 30 hooks for halibut, subsist for subsistence.

00:34:07.040 We had to fight tooth and nail to get that law to happen. 0.75

00:34:09.920 In Huna, we have people that moved in, immigrants, that moved in and brag loudly about, oh yeah, I sent 1,000 pounds of halibut down to my family down south.

00:34:21.600 That's $4,000 worth of fish.

00:34:23.880 That is illegal.

00:34:25.860 Here's an example of how the state troopers work and the likes of Sealaska Corporation.

00:34:32.180 We have Sealaska land in Huna, and these two hunters, brothers, were out in their skiff.

00:34:37.920 and the tide's running the wind is blowing so you got to keep the engine going so that you could at

00:34:43.540 least be stable and then they saw a deer on sea alaska land and shot it there was a fake deer on

00:34:50.660 sea alaska land and there happened to be a city cop and a state trooper friends out of the uniform

00:34:56.940 in a private skiff saw it happen they got to hoona waited for him at the dock and took him to court

00:35:02.880 took the firearms and they got sighted and prosecuted because the engine was supposed to be

00:35:09.880 off said the state of Alaska so they confiscate any wildlife and take our means to hunt as well

00:35:18.280 state troopers and the cops and the forest service and the park service and the coast guard

00:35:25.380 will bother us but nobody else that comes in to hunt fish and gather they have a free-for-all

00:35:32.220 Stand at the airport.

00:35:33.640 You can't even begin to count those big boxes of our seafood heading out.

00:35:37.860 And we in the villages don't have our share.

00:35:41.000 We're hungry.

00:35:42.440 Our smokehouses are empty.

00:35:44.580 You know, we should have every smokehouse going right now.

00:35:49.760 We should be busier than heck putting up food, fish. 1.00

00:35:55.000 And yet we're waiting for saners to come in and give us what they can. 1.00

00:35:58.820 I got one salmon so far this year. 1.00

00:36:05.660 Wanda isn't alone, as fisher folk all over southeast Alaska are struggling amid declining salmon populations,

00:36:14.080 a pattern that has repeated across every other wild salmon fishery on Earth due to human activities,

00:36:20.660 including the logging of their spawning grounds.

00:36:28.820 the only winners in the wake of a clear cut are the berries that take advantage of the

00:36:41.040 sunshine for a spell before being shaded out a few days after our interview with wanda

00:36:46.420 we went berry picking with wanda and her friend becky we drove for miles and miles on these dirt

00:36:53.000 roads and then walked into an area that had been completely slashed by logging, with berry bushes

00:36:59.980 coming up through the rubble of conquest of the forest. I laugh thinking about this now, but I

00:37:08.200 remember being surprised by how hard we were physically working and how protective Becky

00:37:13.040 seemed to be over these big bowls of berries. It didn't align with my perhaps romanticized vision

00:37:19.140 of carefree, fun fruit picking. But then I realized that these berries are important.

00:37:25.620 They are sacred. They are culture. And they are the nourishment that Becky would be living off

00:37:31.540 of in the winter months. After, we went back to Becky's house where she showed us her incredible

00:37:37.860 cedar weavings. And as we said goodbye, she gave each of us three ball jars of jam, honey, and

00:37:45.060 salmon. I just couldn't believe the fluidity and openness of her generosity. Inviting 10 women she

00:37:52.820 had just met into her space, and then showering us with such delicious abundance from her forest.

00:37:59.500 I think of Becky and Wanda every time I pick berries from Cougar Mountain and share the

00:38:03.660 harvest with my friends. Such a beautiful, primordial act of nurturance that creates

00:38:10.220 strong bonds among and between people and the land.

00:38:40.220 One question I have while looking at this map

00:38:52.840 and seeing the different designations,

00:38:55.680 you know, we have tribal, private land,

00:38:58.840 we have wilderness, we have national forest,

00:39:01.700 we have state land.

00:39:03.300 And when I brought up wilderness,

00:39:05.640 you had a reaction to that.

00:39:07.260 Did I hiss?

00:39:07.780 yeah there was a hiss and I want to dive into that with you okay my people are from Glacier Bay

00:39:16.060 and that is run by the National Park Service federal another federal agency we've got federal

00:39:23.460 around us so they were part of the Forest Service at one time I'm always feeling like I'm looking at

00:39:30.740 Glacier Bay but the park moved in and started growing claiming more and more and the Forest

00:39:35.420 service would relinquish more and more acres to them and the park service in 1996 developed

00:39:43.620 federal regulations that literally say that clinket people are banned from glacier bay

00:39:48.460 thanks to a conservation group fishing conservation group and it came under lud too that's where i

00:39:54.340 heard it first lud too is wilderness land under wilderness land you can't take motorized vehicles

00:40:00.940 in you can't do this you can't do that it's so special for anyone who wants to go in on a kayak

00:40:07.900 but by the way any canoes you stay on land for tourists to look at not for us to use there's

00:40:14.940 kayaks in glacier bay kayaks belong up north we're canoe people and when anilka came out

00:40:23.580 it expanded glacier bay made it bigger and that's our sacred homeland

00:40:28.460 none of these boundaries were ours we only had our boundaries from one village area this is um

00:40:36.320 prince of wales you know that's not clinket land you know when we understand that we would never

00:40:43.380 come in travel when we were traveling by water and stuff we would ask permission to come ashore

00:40:49.460 we wouldn't just come ashore that's respect that's saying we know we're guests we wouldn't go

00:40:56.380 anywhere and get into their streams because that would be an act of war. It'd be like someone

00:41:04.020 coming into your very own house and start helping themselves to your cupboards. Our elders, all

00:41:10.400 deceased, wrote a resolution in 1991 when 16 different interest groups for Glacier Bay came

00:41:18.760 into Huna. Huna elders took over the meeting for the first six hours. Oh, was there some pissed

00:41:25.260 all faces. We sang a very sacred song that we never sing in public to show every one of those

00:41:31.540 people there that this is our home. This is our home. All of you folks with your big knife to

00:41:37.580 take your slice of our land, you'd know that we were here first. Probably two-thirds to three-quarters

00:41:43.780 of the people there were in awe of what was presented by our elders. And there was some that

00:41:50.980 looked at us with pure hate. When the Park Service banned us out of Glacier Bay in 1996,

00:42:01.220 they doubled the amount of humongous cruise line ships allowed into pristine waters.

00:42:08.900 The same law. That is how underhanded they are, and that's how we're treated.

00:42:15.460 So in terms of a cultural conservation and land conservation,

00:42:19.380 There's no cultural conservation.

00:42:21.620 Is there a plan that could work as both, that could allow you to be on your...

00:42:26.580 Co-management.

00:42:27.660 Co-management. And what does that look like?

00:42:29.520 I would say if the federal government first, next we'd work on them,

00:42:36.040 but federal government needs to work with us at a table, face-to-face,

00:42:41.700 and allow the Alaska Native villages to co-manage Anilka Title 8.

00:42:49.380 for instance and they step out of it and then let us come up with a plan get our heads together

00:42:56.420 our heads without interruption and see what we can come up with because i know there's some good

00:43:02.360 ideas out there and then we could present it and with the mandate that we come out with a

00:43:10.920 co-management plan that works for for both sides and how do you see that working for old growth

00:43:16.660 logging how would how would you see a co-management of what's left of the old

00:43:21.280 growth in the tongas that would be a perfect start because that's where our

00:43:25.780 culture started was old growth and we grew up with the old growth we knew it

00:43:31.040 before it was old we knew our lands when it was covered with ice we knew our

00:43:36.760 lands when it was lush green valley I mean our culture is so ancient and so

00:43:42.220 old. For it to be so treated like it's a thing of the past is so wrong. Our culture is as old as

00:43:48.840 China. So the attitudes of the lawmakers have to change. They've got to look at us as human beings,

00:43:57.280 not as animals. The more I've learned from Wanda about the dark histories of conservation, 0.92

00:44:05.860 national parks, the logging industry, ANCSA, and subsistence laws, the more thorny and complex

00:44:13.340 these issues seem. What is clear from Wanda's testimony, however, is that these outside colonial

00:44:19.440 forces and corporate structures have decimated her people's ability to fluidly move, migrate,

00:44:25.920 eat, breathe, and live as they once did on the land and waters of the Tongass.

00:44:30.600 Over the past few years, I have clung to the memory of Wanda coming alive in the forest,

00:44:37.940 delighting in birdsong, plant medicine, and the call of her ancestors.

00:44:43.680 To be in the presence of someone with such a deep connection and knowing of this place

00:44:49.180 was beyond magical.

00:44:51.960 Rolling sound.

00:44:55.640 How's that?

00:44:56.940 Okay.

00:44:58.580 Is that far enough?

00:44:59.080 Just a hair to your right.

00:45:00.600 That's great. Rolling.

00:45:07.600 As we stand here right in the middle of the forest, the old growth, this is so

00:45:14.520 perfect because you could look around and see all of the life that we have here.

00:45:21.440 Life on life on life. There's a word in the Tlingit language called Keyani. It

00:45:27.560 It means plants from the top of the mountain

00:45:31.020 to the beach, low tide.

00:45:33.380 We also see when the tide is out, the table is set.

00:45:36.500 There's so much food out there.

00:45:38.540 But inside here, medicinal plants, food,

00:45:43.020 everything that the forest provides us is nutrition

00:45:47.960 and makes us healthier and stronger.

00:45:51.220 Even the sap coming out of the trees is medicine for us.

00:45:54.520 Our people have walked all over our country.

00:46:00.780 Our hunters know the trails.

00:46:03.440 They use the bear trails, the deer trails to get to the top of the mountains.

00:46:08.240 And our doctors, our women doctors used to go and hole up in the mountains to learn everything 0.75

00:46:15.680 they can.

00:46:17.140 I heard that there's a plant that grows a really beautiful flower that grows right outside

00:46:22.720 of a bare den and it grows because of the heat coming out of the den and that

00:46:29.380 it was used as a love potion so this is how strong we are connected we know what

00:46:37.180 the plants do at one time we knew what every one of them did and when our

00:46:42.320 people pass when they die we believe and we will say they walked into the forest

00:46:51.220 When someone is told that, we don't have to ask if they died. We know they did.

00:46:57.220 So this is another layer of importance to us on why the forest is so valuable.

00:47:07.220 Because it holds the spirits of our ancestors, and this is what we need.

00:47:12.220 Every time they tear down some forest, we hurt because they're bothering our spiritual ancestors.

00:47:20.220 ancestors, as well as all the life within. It holds life and death for all of us, and we live

00:47:29.520 well within it. Thousands of old-growth giants have been ruthlessly logged in the Tongass in 1.00

00:47:35.480 recent decades. In the 1980s and 90s in particular, Sea Alaska and the Forestry Service's timber

00:47:42.900 operations clear-cut traditional hunting grounds around Hoonah, devastating wildlife habitat and

00:47:48.860 water quality, folks like Wanda have fought long and hard to speak out against the corporate rule

00:47:54.500 that has descended on their home. In 2001, roadless rule was passed, prohibiting further

00:48:01.440 road construction and timber harvest in inventoried roadless areas. But the fight still continues.

00:48:08.920 The blood on this land is ours. Ours throughout time and history. The water is ours. We've lost

00:48:16.940 Lots of people in the water.

00:48:19.200 When the trees start going down, we hurt, cried.

00:48:24.900 We're the land.

00:48:27.740 We eat off the land.

00:48:30.500 I've been dealing with devil clubs so long, it doesn't bother me.

00:48:35.540 Nettles either, because I have the medicine in me.

00:48:40.300 I drink it and use it all the time.

00:48:42.760 So I say that because that's a demonstration of how much we are part of the land.

00:48:50.000 If you are what you eat, we are deer, we are everything we eat.

00:48:55.000 We're salmon, we're cockles and clams and beach asparagus and berries, we're everything.

00:49:02.180 We're all part of it.

00:49:03.960 And the birds and animals around us know us and we know them.

00:49:09.980 there's crows that watch me because i helped save a baby crow and they follow me even there's ravens

00:49:22.100 that follow us and tell on us and you know we're so part of it we're so aware of each other that

00:49:30.840 we know each other we know the birds we know the deer we don't want to love them too much because

00:49:35.820 that'll make it too hard to shoot them we have to come to terms with that and in that process

00:49:42.380 we have to express our gratitude for them for giving themselves to us and feeding us same thing

00:49:50.860 with the plant you know i've seen people be grateful to the water thank you for bringing us

00:49:56.660 this food the fish we don't just take without thinking about it we don't just eat something

00:50:04.720 without realizing the value of it and what it's doing for us,

00:50:09.820 especially if we're related to it.

00:50:12.760 We're related to the salmon.

00:50:15.160 My opposite ravens are cohos, my favorite fish.

00:50:20.520 Once we're allowed to be who we are, it's a whole different story.

00:50:26.860 It's hard to describe the feeling of vastness that washes over me in the Tongass,

00:50:31.820 A place where it feels like the land's limbs can grow autonomously.

00:50:37.900 There's so much that's just endless forest and creature and water and sky.

00:50:43.700 There's thick moss and ripe berries, lichens hanging down, varied topography, oceanscapes,

00:50:51.620 cresting waves, islands and fish jumping.

00:50:55.140 So many thousands of hidden nooks and bays, glaciers and rushing rivers.

00:51:00.300 This place has set my heart on fire. It's phenomenal, and it's also drastically changing.

00:51:09.600 Returning for the past few years, I've seen glaciers dissolve in front of my very eyes.

00:51:16.060 I've sat amongst the deafening silence of the clear cuts where tree corpses and shattered splinters litter the ground,

00:51:24.480 witnessed where waters have been strangled and tar-black roads suffocated the lands.

00:51:30.300 It's happened. It's happening. And it will continue to happen.

00:51:37.060 Since my conversation with Wanda, allied powers within the Trump administration,

00:51:42.880 U.S. Forest Service, and Alaska Congress have moved forward with their agenda to rescind

00:51:48.480 roadless rule and quietly reopen more than half of the Tongass back up to logging and

00:51:53.720 resource extraction. For indigenous peoples whose lineages trace the contours of this land,

00:52:00.300 for a shrinking future of clean water and air,

00:52:03.800 for the return of salmon,

00:52:06.120 for a world darkened by the shadow of climate chaos,

00:52:09.360 for all of us,

00:52:10.820 we cannot afford to lose this magnificent mother of primordial life.

00:52:19.660 This is where national interest needs to be blown up and magnified,

00:52:24.900 and every American person who walks the street needs to know,

00:52:28.620 this is your land, America.

00:52:30.300 Say something about it.

00:52:32.180 Feel protective towards it.

00:52:34.320 Because this is a rainforest.

00:52:36.420 This is a living organism, the whole thing.

00:52:40.320 And nobody sees it that way.

00:52:51.840 It comes as quickly as it goes.

00:52:55.480 I wonder why it ever came at all

00:53:01.620 Will it teach you? Can it reach you?

00:53:06.440 Does it need to?

00:53:10.260 Hear no evil, speak no evil, see no evil

00:53:13.720 Hear no evil, speak no evil, see no evil

00:53:18.340 Hear no evil, speak no evil, see no evil

00:53:23.280 Last summer, I called up Wanda to check in about the roadless rule

00:53:33.580 and the most recent developments on the ground.

00:53:36.700 This is what she shared with me.

00:53:40.620 Hello?

00:53:41.820 Hey, Wanda, it's Ayana from For the Wild.

00:53:44.720 Hi.

00:53:45.740 Hi, how are you?

00:53:46.480 How are you doing?

00:53:47.980 It's very frustrating that we're going around on this again.

00:53:51.880 The last century, when the clear-cutting was just so blatant in the 80s and 90s around our villages in southeast Alaska, it was horrifying.

00:54:02.180 We had no clue of the plans.

00:54:04.980 No one told us anything.

00:54:06.900 So when the chainsaws started, we did see the equipment coming in.

00:54:11.280 But the first time around, the equipment coming in was very rusted and old.

00:54:18.360 And already the company that was brought in and contracted by the Village Corporation, it was already dying back in the 80s and 90s.

00:54:29.860 So what's happening now is trying to, you know, kick a dead dog, so to speak.

00:54:37.680 There is no profit in timber anymore.

00:54:43.260 There isn't.

00:54:43.940 And even though the interests of such business affects all the way to our top dogs, it just shows and proves to us that the industry controls our Congress and that our Congress people that are screaming the loudest and trying to revive a dead dog are the ones whose family must be making money off of this.

00:55:10.200 because it's certainly not because it's been beneficial to the American people.

00:55:16.420 It's always been industry that's controlling this.

00:55:20.160 And until the government becomes the government of the people,

00:55:23.580 this is the way it's going to be.

00:55:25.340 Even though there's a majority of people speaking up,

00:55:30.080 the government is not responding to the people.

00:55:33.380 It's responding more to the industry because that's where the money is.

00:55:37.700 Everything is about money.

00:55:38.820 It does not even matter.

00:55:40.200 that logging is a losing project for everybody but who um in a video that documents the journey

00:55:48.560 to washington you spoke to what is at the heart of all of this when you said quote our voices have

00:55:55.660 to be as important as industries if not more important because industries come in but we live

00:56:01.800 there and we have to live with the impacts end quote and i'd like to ask how we can support this

00:56:07.220 rising that you're helping to midwife in the thick of this fight highlighting the living cultures

00:56:15.420 is huge and that is what you folks can be doing is recognizing that globally thousands of cultures

00:56:25.920 have disappeared as well as endangered I mean animals and wildlife our cultural existence is

00:56:35.220 equally endangered highlighting the magnificent intelligence of our cultures is what is going to

00:56:45.920 save this earth and globally women are speaking out and globally there are no arguments against

00:56:53.180 what we're saying we're not talking with each other and yet we're all saying the same thing

00:57:00.120 Our culture is based on the love of the land, the understanding of Mother Nature, and our spiritual connections.

00:57:09.000 We have them, and they're intact yet.

00:57:11.320 To lose the cultures of the world and become just industry would make for an ugly world, and we will lose this world.

00:57:21.100 Lose it.

00:57:22.140 We won't have any beauty.

00:57:24.080 We won't have any fresh air and water.

00:57:26.400 Those ones that are in charge of industry and all those executives, they can't buy fresh air, clean water.

00:57:35.580 Oh, my gosh, when we were flying into D.C., I could literally see the polluted air that we were flying into

00:57:42.700 as going to have to breathe those days we were there.

00:57:45.600 That wasn't a good feeling.

00:57:47.500 I also noticed that water wasn't the color of water.

00:57:51.340 Is that what they want for Alaska?

00:57:53.380 That is not what we want.

00:57:54.960 That's not what we need.

00:57:56.400 Alaska is too beautiful and too magnificent to ruin.

00:58:00.800 Literally a treasure for the United States that we cannot be abusing and allowed to be exploited.

00:58:08.780 It's time for everyone to stand up and literally take action and force the change around to the attack on nature,

00:58:19.400 on these big shots that are saying, so blasé, this is what we're going to do.

00:58:24.680 We're going to weaken this law.

00:58:25.900 We're going to ignore these environmental laws.

00:58:28.500 We're going to just make sure none of this ever happened.

00:58:33.120 Well, it took a lot for each law to occur.

00:58:37.460 It didn't just happen overnight.

00:58:40.040 And for them to just blase, act like they have the power to change that,

00:58:44.960 that's not going to happen overnight either.

00:58:47.880 So we've got a battle on our hands, and we're not going to lose.

00:58:51.640 We cannot afford it. 0.99

00:58:52.820 We hear Wanda's rallying cry for the Tongass, and envision a collective uprising to protect 0.63

00:58:59.260 this great northern forest. 0.97

00:59:01.840 Equipped with immutable hearts and strategic minds, we must move together, separating and

00:59:08.160 rejoining like a braided river, constantly revising our course, strengthening relationships

00:59:13.660 with indigenous leaders like Wanda, with long-standing activists in the region, with each other,

00:59:19.360 and the communities of the forest and sea.

00:59:22.820 The most immediate action step you can take at this time to defend the Tongass

00:59:27.340 is to submit a thoughtful public comment to the Forest Service.

00:59:31.640 As U.S. citizens, it's our responsibility to engage in public process,

00:59:37.460 however futile it may seem at times.

00:59:40.600 Active participation in this way is really the very least we can do

00:59:44.460 to show up and support people on the front lines

00:59:47.460 who will be most impacted by this high-stakes public lands decision.

00:59:52.820 Beyond that, we need to courageously expand the existing envelope of action in order to win.

01:00:00.500 We need a panoply of resistance, from the established tactics like public comments, advocacy and demonstrations, blockades and encampments, to even more creative gestures of resistance and daring acts of land defense.

01:00:14.720 The time is now to take risks, to unlock the autonomy of our minds and our bodies, and to step into a biocentric allegiance to the descendants of all species.

01:00:27.900 We also ask that you support Indigenous stewards of the Tongass by making a direct donation to Wanda Culp, or to the local organization Huna Alaska Native Sisterhood Camp 12, which you can also find under this episode on our website.

01:00:43.160 the importance of investing in female indigenous leadership and those giving voice to the forest

01:00:49.260 cannot be overstated lastly please follow and reach out to long-standing groups in the region

01:00:55.300 such as sitka conservation society southeast alaska conservation council last dance lynn

01:01:03.320 canal conservation audubon alaska and earth justice we ask that you consider what can you

01:01:10.820 offer of your resources, your gifts, your spirit, and your brilliance in this moment of unraveling

01:01:18.480 and becoming.

01:01:40.820 Now I gotta run

01:01:47.080 Early in the morning

01:01:53.880 Another life is done

01:01:58.780 When I rise

01:02:03.040 When I rise

01:02:06.240 When I rise

01:02:09.560 Dive deeper into the listening journey with more interviews from our In the Field series.

01:02:23.580 We'll be posting behind-the-scenes cuts in the days and weeks to come on our website.

01:02:28.780 Tune in at forthewild.world slash whenoldgrowthends.

01:02:33.000 And join us next week for the second episode of In the Field

01:02:36.480 as we pick up the conversation with Wanda's longtime friend and partner in justice, Kasaya Gay.

01:02:43.980 Thank you for listening to For the Wild podcast in the Field Edition. I'm Ayanna Young.

01:02:51.240 The music you heard today was the Crow Nation blues man, Carrie Morin, Leah Thomas, Rising

01:02:58.560 Appalachia, Hannah Shin, and our very own Carter Lou McElroy, and the Tlingit citizens of Huna,

01:03:05.240 Alaska. I would like to give a huge bow of gratitude to our incredible podcast production

01:03:11.580 team, Aiden McRae, Carter Lou McElroy, Erica Ekrem, Aaron Wise, Francesca Glaspell, Hannah Wilton,

01:03:21.860 March Young, Melanie Younger, and Vera Lummi. I'd like to take a moment and also thank the crew of

01:03:28.940 When Old Growth Ends, Brynn McKay, Eve Bradford, Hannah Germstad, Jade Begay, Kylea Frederick,

01:03:36.240 Koa Kalish, Mila Prince, Miriam Grace, and Leslie Satterfield.

01:03:58.940 Guess I don't know

01:04:05.720 Don't know right from wrong

For The Wild - December 06, 2019

InTheField： WANDA KASHUDOHA CULP on Rooted Lifeways of the Tongass ⧸148

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