For The Wild - April 12, 2023


JENNY ODELL on the Attention Economy [ENCORE] ⧸330

Topics
john a. powell on Institutions of Othering and Radical Belonging [ENCORE] ⧸329 The Edges in the Middle, II: Báyò Akómoláfé and V

Episode Stats


Length

57 minutes

Words per minute

169.71

Word count

9,762

Sentence count

247

Harmful content

Misogyny

1

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Transcript

Transcript generated with Whisper (turbo).
Misogyny classifications generated with MilaNLProc/bert-base-uncased-ear-misogyny .
Topics generated with Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct.
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00:01:40.240 Hello and welcome to For the Wild podcast.
00:01:43.860 I'm Ayanna Young.
00:01:45.240 Today I'm speaking with Jenny O'Dell.
00:01:47.780 It can be easy to forget the importance of those small moments of joy where you sort of remember what it is that you're fighting for in the first place.
00:01:58.720 And I think there's a real risk of losing that and just living in this grind of despair.
00:02:05.740 Jenny O'Dell is a writer, artist, and enthusiastic birdwatcher based in Oakland, California.
00:02:12.540 She is the author of How to Do Nothing, Resisting the Attention Economy. 0.93
00:02:16.580 Odell teaches digital art at Stanford University and has been an artist-in-residence at the San Francisco Planning Department, the Internet Archive, and Recology SF, otherwise known as The Dump.
00:02:30.180 oh jenny thank you so much for joining us today i am really looking forward to this conversation i
00:02:39.500 think we need to be having what we're about to have with so many people and um yeah it's just
00:02:46.480 so relevant and i'm sure you hear that a lot so i just appreciate you spending some time with us
00:02:51.240 today thanks so much i'm happy to be here so the attention economy refers to our attention as
00:02:58.600 currency and its existence predates social media and technology. But I think previously we were
00:03:05.300 able to enter and exit this economy with more freedom, whereas now through the ubiquity of
00:03:11.020 social media, we remain passively trapped. So to acclimate listeners to our conversation,
00:03:17.800 how do you describe the attention economy and what meaning does it take on in context to the
00:03:23.040 age of technology? Yeah, so I think that my definition would probably be pretty similar to
00:03:28.560 what you just mentioned. It's an economy in which the currency is your attention. I think that can
00:03:34.480 be measured in different ways, like engagement, amount of time spent on a platform, but basically
00:03:40.980 attention is the currency. And as you also mentioned, it predates the era of social media.
00:03:46.660 As long as we've had advertising, we've had the attention economy. And I think advertising is
00:03:51.300 still a really important example to look at in terms of something that a group of people spent
00:03:55.460 a lot of time on designing something that was meant to capture and hold your attention and
00:04:01.700 ultimately direct your actions as well to buy something and so that's you know that's something
00:04:06.740 that's been around for a long time and then of course now it's just much more sophisticated I
00:04:12.320 would say it's more granular it's kind of embedded more thoroughly I think in a lot of our lives
00:04:18.620 you know through social media but also through the fact that you have like a computer in your
00:04:22.300 pocket at all times now and also that it's occurring on platforms that you use to keep
00:04:27.380 in touch with your friends or to get information and so it's really quite difficult to get away
00:04:33.820 from and I think that that's something that I was really struggling through you know in the book
00:04:39.160 like I I think you know hopefully it comes across that it's it's it was sort of an open question
00:04:43.780 for me? Like, what does the struggle look like? And what is, you know, what is a way of interacting
00:04:49.680 and being in the world without completely succumbing to the attention economy all the time?
00:04:55.680 Yeah, the computer in our pocket is so real for so many of us. And in How to Do Nothing,
00:05:03.920 you write, quote, we know that we live in complex times that demand complex thoughts and conversations.
00:05:10.620 and those in turn demand the very time and space that is nowhere to be found.
00:05:16.340 The convenience of limitless connectivity has neatly paved over the nuances of in-person
00:05:21.780 conversation, cutting away so much information and context in the process, end quote.
00:05:28.300 And I wonder, what exactly is it that makes this so? In part, I think about how when one
00:05:35.800 communicates on social platforms, to some extent, it's always for an audience. Even when one person
00:05:41.560 is speaking to someone or commenting on someone's post, it's with the knowledge that it is for
00:05:47.420 everyone else to see as well. And so I think with this loss of privacy, we reduce our own complexity
00:05:54.260 or replace vulnerability with defensiveness. So do you think social media is inherently
00:06:00.300 incompatible with complexity? You know, I would like to think that it's not necessarily, I think,
00:06:08.540 as I think commercial social media is. And, you know, that's why I sort of towards the end of
00:06:12.960 the book, I sort of try to imagine this like utopian social media that it's almost like
00:06:18.520 difficult to imagine, but I'm trying, you know, to imagine a social media that just does what we
00:06:23.500 want it to do, which is like connect us to other people, but without the sort of social currency
00:06:28.660 of, you know, notifications and likes and all of the metrics of commercial social media.
00:06:34.700 But as you say, like, I think some of it is maybe just, you know, related to this experience
00:06:41.680 of communicating to a kind of anonymous public, even when you sort of feel like you're communicating
00:06:46.100 with your friends and that maybe like part of the problem with the attention economy
00:06:50.000 is already present in that kind of relationship.
00:06:52.800 So I definitely think that in its current form, something like Twitter or Instagram, if you think of the sheer volume of information that you kind of scroll past when you use either one of those, absolutely is anathema to complexity.
00:07:08.080 I mean, the number, I mean, think about like the number of seconds you even spend on anything. And, you know, one thing that I, one point I was trying to make in the book was that the attention economy trades on not just attention, but a really specific form of attention, I think a shallow one.
00:07:22.180 so a kind of reactive knee-jerk reaction you know the way the kind of attention that an
00:07:28.140 advertisement would work on you know um almost like habitual and and you know a lot of what
00:07:33.860 i'm trying to do in the book is to talk about and try to encourage or grow this these other
00:07:39.500 deeper slower forms of attention and it's like this shallow attention both feeds the attention
00:07:45.340 economy but it also comes out of it so it's the thing that kind of like draws you into it but
00:07:49.340 it's also the thing that it teaches you. And so I think there's this danger of entering the spiral
00:07:54.020 where your attention is only ever very shallow and your attention span is very short. And the
00:07:58.780 amount of attention that you pay to things is very small. And, and that I think is a big part
00:08:03.520 of the problem with dealing with any kind of complexity, because if you are seeking context,
00:08:09.460 you know, historical context, especially, but also just the kind of inherent complexity of any
00:08:15.420 kind of even like a social movement or an idea really requires patience. It's something where
00:08:21.460 you're not going to get results in five minutes. You're not going to get results tomorrow.
00:08:24.880 You may be confused for some time. You may need to ask more questions. And all of these things
00:08:30.000 are kind of like the opposite of the kind of attention and expectation that I think in its
00:08:35.520 current form, social media definitely encourages. Yeah. And also to bring up that algorithms benefit
00:08:42.400 off us acting out in rage or anger and fear it actually produces value for facebook twitter etc
00:08:50.260 and and so i think that plays into that shallowness as well yeah yeah and it's something
00:08:56.340 that like you know i was asking myself in late 2016 when i started working on the talk that
00:09:01.840 that became the book and it's something that i've been asking myself again you know ever since then
00:09:06.700 especially this year, which is like, you know, really stepping back from something like a
00:09:11.980 reaction, the reaction to like need to post about something and just, you know, giving myself a
00:09:19.060 pause and asking like, you know, who is this for? What is this actually accomplishing? And I, you
00:09:26.860 know, I actually, in the last couple of months, I have been posting a lot less because I don't,
00:09:32.440 I just sort of don't want to add to the noise.
00:09:34.840 And I don't think that it's useful for me to do that.
00:09:37.040 I think I have other ways of contributing that are maybe not as visible.
00:09:41.740 They're not as immediate and they're not as illegible.
00:09:44.920 They're not as legible as like a sort of action in the moment,
00:09:47.520 but, but there's ultimately more meaningful to me.
00:09:51.360 And, and they're also not serving the attention economy of these platforms,
00:09:55.920 which is sort of agnostic in terms of content, right?
00:09:58.380 It doesn't matter which side you're on or sort of what you're expressing.
00:10:03.540 You know, engagement is engagement according to business models.
00:10:07.400 In your work, you point out that congruently there has been a decline in public spaces
00:10:12.300 that allow us to exist as human beings, not potential consumers.
00:10:17.200 And this observation really leads me to think about content extraction and exploitation.
00:10:22.620 Every time we peer into our phones and venture on social media,
00:10:26.560 I do think some degree of extraction happens whether you are on the generating or consuming
00:10:32.620 end. So what are the psychological ramifications of us giving ourselves freely to these platforms
00:10:39.260 that are becoming more predatory and commercial? I think probably there's some loss of interiority.
00:10:47.400 I mean, I think it's probably pretty clear from the book that I very highly prize a sense of
00:10:51.620 interiority, um, and sort of maintaining a space for reflection. Um, and I think that those kinds
00:10:58.580 of things are, are very much threatened by this like sort of imperative to constantly,
00:11:05.040 um, externalize and to some extent advertise oneself. You know, like I have an Instagram and
00:11:11.560 it's, I, I have such a troubled relationship with it because I have not figured out a way
00:11:16.860 to post on it that doesn't feel like an advertisement for myself. And I don't know,
00:11:20.660 maybe someone out there has figured it out, but I, I haven't, I think it's just, um, again,
00:11:26.800 it's like something about the structure of it. And, and that's just such a different relationship,
00:11:30.940 you know, to others and also to oneself than something like, like trying to cultivate these
00:11:36.920 spaces either with oneself or among friends or family, or just sort of people who know you in
00:11:42.520 which you can be more fluid. You know, you can experiment with different ideas. You can have
00:11:47.320 dialogue um you don't always have to know that you have the right answer um in a sort of airtight
00:11:54.020 way like you're growing basically like you're growing and evolving and and you know you may
00:11:58.820 be different day to day and i think this is just like the reality of identity um you know one thing
00:12:03.500 that i i talk a lot about in the context of ecology in the book is that i sort of subscribe
00:12:08.060 to an ecological model of the self where the self is not you know it's not a bounded entity
00:12:13.260 that is like accumulating value to itself over a lifetime,
00:12:17.660 but rather this kind of intersection
00:12:19.780 among many different influences and flows and circumstances.
00:12:24.420 And that is so different from,
00:12:27.260 you know, the extreme would be like a personal brand.
00:12:28.880 But even if you're not really necessarily
00:12:31.040 trying to brand yourself,
00:12:32.080 I think you're tending in that direction,
00:12:35.200 usually if you're using social media a certain way.
00:12:37.680 So I think that it just has kind of troubling implications
00:12:41.760 for the ecological growing learning changing self that has room and space and sort of lack
00:12:51.460 of fear in terms of experimentation and and learning yeah that's such a good point like
00:12:58.420 the brand of self the identity creates these projections and pedestalizing I don't know if
00:13:06.520 That's quite the word.
00:13:07.600 But it doesn't, I think, allow people to be people, people to be human and dynamic in
00:13:13.980 their humanness.
00:13:15.160 But instead, it's like, oh, well, this is what people expect from me.
00:13:18.500 They think this is what my brand identity is.
00:13:21.120 That's what they're projecting onto.
00:13:22.480 And if I don't follow that model, then I won't be accepted or I won't be liked.
00:13:28.360 And yeah, it's sad because we are such dynamic creatures that need to evolve and shift and
00:13:35.760 change and grow and learn. And yeah, gosh, there's so much to that. And talking about the extractive
00:13:42.380 nature of the attention economy and social media also leads me to think about surveillance.
00:13:47.420 You mentioned the Nextdoor app, which has largely become a form of surveillance. People report
00:13:53.720 their neighbors, share video footage from their ring home security systems, etc. And we also use
00:13:59.960 social media to surveil people, we know. And similarly, these platforms surveil us.
00:14:06.080 So I'm curious to hear how you think about surveillance as being a part of the attention
00:14:11.120 economy. Yeah, it's, I mean, it's one of those things where it, again, not everyone, but I think
00:14:20.940 for a lot of people's use of social media has become so second nature that you can sometimes
00:14:26.560 forget that it is a voluntary decision. It's quite habitual at this point. Right. So maybe
00:14:31.640 it doesn't feel voluntary, but, um, I think that it's easy to lose sight of the fact that you are
00:14:38.320 offering up so much information about yourself anytime, again, you know, you don't even have
00:14:43.260 to be posting, right. Literally the minute you are in the space, like every, everything you do
00:14:48.380 is tracked, right. Like, you know, how much time you spend looking at things, like what you're
00:14:52.980 looking at what you're engaging with who you're following um where you are and that's and that's
00:14:59.060 completely outside of the then very personal information that you're you know offering up
00:15:03.600 you know in the caption of your post and i think again it's one of those things where if you kind
00:15:08.580 of just step back for even a second or you know something i really recommend which is and i i'm
00:15:13.260 not alone in recommending this it's just like you know try not doing it for a while it doesn't have
00:15:17.440 to be that long like i guess depends on how frequently you use it right but like let's say
00:15:21.440 you take like a week off or something and and I also strongly believe that you know you don't
00:15:27.120 need to make a big post about how you're going to be like taking a hiatus from Instagram like
00:15:31.400 you don't owe anyone that like you don't work for this anonymous audience you don't need an
00:15:36.120 out-of-office message for like the world like you can just decide to not use it for a while
00:15:41.720 and I think that one of the things that happens when you step back is like these things that
00:15:46.140 started to seem you know very again sort of like so second nature they're hard to see they will
00:15:52.000 come back into focus and i think you may start to ask questions like you know why why why am i
00:15:58.140 offering all of this information why am i and why am i spending so much time in this space
00:16:01.940 in which i am generating so much data that is so lucrative to these companies not to mention like
00:16:07.220 offering up parts of myself to you know question mark right like complete strangers um versus like
00:16:13.940 you know maybe just sending things to like your friend who is actually the person who
00:16:18.540 you wanted to see that thing and so I think that it's I just you know whenever I do that I get
00:16:25.460 really I'm very troubled by how much this idea of surveillance has you know not it's not that
00:16:32.420 it's disappeared I think people are aware of it but if you just even think about the last
00:16:35.760 you know like five or ten years like I feel like there's a kind of a prevailing attitude of like
00:16:41.940 I know that it's a thing and I'm just going to do it anyway. And it's just kind of a necessary
00:16:48.080 evil of me using social media. And I don't, I don't think we should accept that.
00:16:53.180 Yeah. And the question too, around surveillance and activism and protest,
00:16:57.620 my interview with Lauren Reagan, who's an attorney out of Oregon, you know, she talks about,
00:17:03.760 don't be posting pictures of people at protest because you're literally giving information
00:17:10.980 about people who may or may not be consenting to give that to basically Big Brother, the cops,
00:17:17.420 whoever. And so, you know, there's that level too of civil disobedience and with things being so
00:17:24.260 recorded at all times and posted at all times. But then also my interview with CM Hamilton,
00:17:30.820 they're saying, you know, no, please do post pictures of us because if we go missing,
00:17:35.280 we want people to find us there's safety in that type of self-surveillance or community
00:17:42.580 surveillance and so it's gosh like i really hear both sides of the spectrum when it comes to
00:17:50.240 social media surveillance and civil disobedience protest activism and it's something that i think
00:17:56.700 we need to just think more about and come to community consent about and and really strategize
00:18:02.640 about how are we using these platforms? How are we taking power from them? Or what are we using
00:18:11.220 them for? I mean, there's all these questions that come to mind. But yeah. So I don't know
00:18:17.700 if there's anything you want to say on that. But it's such a big topic that could go all different
00:18:24.100 ways. Yeah. I mean, I, I very much feel like, you know, I, I wrote the book hoping that it might be
00:18:32.600 helpful to activists among others, but I, you know, I am not, I am not personally an activist.
00:18:39.420 And I say that because I, I know, and I know some activists, um, much more actually now than before
00:18:45.200 I wrote the book. And I understand, um, the sort of work of that and how specific it is. Um, and
00:18:50.420 that it's not, you know, it's, it's kind of, you know, it's work, right? It's a very specific type
00:18:55.800 of work. And so I would just say that that's why I so value the research of the type that I cite in
00:19:05.560 the book by Veronica Barassi, who is actually going and interviewing activists about how they
00:19:10.200 use social media and the sort of like pros and cons, like, you know, obviously it's a way for
00:19:14.620 them to spread information and be connected, but she also talks about the, the kind of temporal
00:19:19.320 problems with it, like always needing to kind of stay on top of the stack of content. So it means
00:19:24.200 you constantly have to be putting things out, it sort of collapses the complexity of conversations
00:19:28.780 that need to happen. And, you know, just these kind of, you know, different aspects of social
00:19:35.120 media that help or hurt someone who is trying to do activism. And so I really, I think that that's
00:19:40.140 a really fruitful kind of area of research. And it's something that I've, you know, tried to talk
00:19:45.340 to more activists about their relationship with the attention economy and social media
00:19:49.520 just because it's something that, you know, I don't have that direct experience with,
00:19:53.400 but I am really interested in.
00:20:15.340 The river you can see across
00:20:25.120 The other side, a claim to toss
00:20:30.980 Divide less wide, yet current strong
00:20:36.660 Where do you belong, the wind you saw
00:20:42.760 well now I'd like to discuss the notion of nothing and the first thing that came to my
00:20:56.260 mind is how over the past couple of years we've conflated nothingness with mindless actions you
00:21:02.960 know if we've spent the last hour scrolling on our phones we say we've done nothing or you know
00:21:08.840 if we're just resting, we say we're doing nothing. So I'm wondering, what do you think
00:21:13.780 nothingness means in our culture? And what does the ideal act of doing nothing look like to you?
00:21:21.020 Yeah, I think that generally, I would say we probably think of doing nothing as not having
00:21:29.620 anything to show for your time. And that's, I'm generalizing, like, I don't think everyone
00:21:34.560 feels that way but I think culturally right like we we very much um value productivity um and and
00:21:42.160 producing you know results so whether that's work or kind of measurable self-improvement or you know
00:21:49.620 something that you can see right like I yeah something to show for your time so you if you
00:21:54.240 don't have anything to show for your time then you sort of did nothing and so yeah as you said
00:21:58.380 like all kinds of things get caught in that like mindless activity but also activity that has no
00:22:02.840 goal, rest, caretaking, maintenance, all the things that I personally would count as productive,
00:22:10.880 but I think don't typically fall into that category. And I mean, that's part of the reason
00:22:15.300 I mentioned at the very beginning, the amount of maintenance work that goes into the Rose Garden,
00:22:20.820 where a lot of the book is kind of set. Just the number of hours that I have observed volunteers
00:22:26.200 doing quite a lot, but in the service of maintaining something exactly the same way
00:22:31.880 as it has always been um so it's not like they're you know adding new things in any sort of obvious
00:22:36.860 way and i don't know for me i think the ideal form of doing nothing um i think that it's
00:22:46.880 a couple of things one is i think it has to be something with no no obvious goal and that's one
00:22:55.300 of the reasons i mentioned pauline oliveros the musician and sound artist who coined the term
00:23:01.220 deep listening because she talks about this practice of deep listening as being a necessary
00:23:06.560 thing to learn in this culture because we prize judgment and like immediate judgment and analysis
00:23:12.580 versus just kind of open-ended listening where you really don't you don't assume that you know
00:23:18.700 it's there and you're just open and receptive to whatever is around you and I think that that can
00:23:25.060 take on so many different forms for different folks and depending on like you know what makes
00:23:30.780 you comfortable kind of spaces you feel comfortable and what you like doing but you know for me it's
00:23:34.840 bird watching and I think bird watching is an easy example because you go out yeah like I guess you
00:23:42.520 sort of have the goal of seeing birds but um but it's just like as a practice it requires you to
00:23:48.200 just be quiet and observant and ready to be surprised at any moment it's very I think it's
00:23:55.440 a very humbling thing to do. And furthermore, at the end of that time, it's not like I have
00:24:01.340 anything to, I don't have any quote unquote results, right? Like I don't have any sort of
00:24:07.720 score to add to anything. It's just kind of like, this was time that I spent in observation. So I
00:24:13.580 think that's, you know, the lack of goal is one part of it. And then I would say the other part
00:24:18.100 is something where you kind of lose
00:24:23.620 like those boundaries of the self
00:24:25.220 become a little bit fuzzy.
00:24:27.220 So again, to go back to birdwatching,
00:24:29.640 like that's just something
00:24:30.300 that I personally experience when I do that.
00:24:32.280 It's like, I'm not thinking about like Jenny O'Dell,
00:24:35.540 capital J, capital O, you know,
00:24:38.220 like the person, the author, you know, whatever.
00:24:41.120 When I'm birdwatching,
00:24:42.520 I'm not thinking about myself at all.
00:24:45.060 And yet I think that it's a very intense experience
00:24:47.480 of the self, just in relationship to my surroundings. Um, and it's often in those
00:24:53.940 moments that I kind of remember like really obvious things, like I'm alive. Um, I will not
00:24:59.320 always be alive. I live on, you know, that I live on the earth and it's also, you know, like,
00:25:07.360 you know, there's the fact of it's being there and I'm here, like these really like sort of basic
00:25:10.980 fundamental things that I think, um, it's actually easy to go a long time without remembering any of
00:25:16.700 those things um so uh i would say for me like the the most most ideal version of of doing nothing
00:25:24.000 is something where you can access that feeling as well yeah losing the self it's so relieving
00:25:31.160 yeah it's something i try to do every day very often just to get out of my own way to live life
00:25:40.500 And, yeah, I think about our generation and the ones after, and our bodies have been just incredibly abused by a consumer-driven, ego-driven society, and especially for younger ones who, through technology, media, and entertainment, have been severed from the sensuous world at such an early age.
00:26:02.740 and not just the impacts to our physical body but of course our minds are in a very abusive
00:26:08.340 relationship with media as well so many of us find ourselves in this place where we get anxious from
00:26:14.840 being present but alternatively we're also anxious on social media and so we're caught between these
00:26:21.360 two forms of anxiety but it just so happens that social media is much more addictive so how does
00:26:27.780 nothingness become a form of rehabilitation and a way to actually practice embodiment
00:26:33.880 as well under this scenario? Yeah, it's funny that you use the word addictive, because I think
00:26:40.760 some of what I'm describing in the book is finding something that falls under this category of
00:26:47.580 nothing that is also addictive. But it's just something that's not destroying you. And so I
00:26:54.940 I don't know if I would ever use the word addictive to describe my relationship to bird watching, but it but I do also sometimes describe myself as an involuntary bird watcher, which is, you know, because I actually can't help but look for birds all the time.
00:27:09.240 And if I mean, you can just ask my boyfriend, like if we're going on a walk and it's getting dark and clearly we should turn around and go back.
00:27:16.300 But there are a lot of birds like I'm not going to want to go back. Like I'm always like I will stay until the last minute.
00:27:22.080 um and so like i i think that actually you know the word nothing it sounds very inert but um i
00:27:28.680 think the trick is to sort of find something like this that exerts a comparable pull on you and like
00:27:37.880 i said i think that that is something that that's very different for for anyone based on you know
00:27:42.620 what they're interested in you know like basically like finding a some kind of rabbit hole that that
00:27:49.400 just sustains you instead of driving you into this like wheel of anxiety. And that sounds
00:27:56.080 difficult, but I, I don't think it actually is. I think, I think we're drawn to things that make
00:28:03.980 us feel good or things that right now make us feel just better. I mean, I'm just thinking
00:28:10.020 personally of times when, you know, I was really sort of caught in this shallow attention for a
00:28:17.520 long time you know probably working too hard and just not being kind to myself and then just you
00:28:22.940 know having and having my attention be very scattered and then just having maybe like a
00:28:26.920 two-hour conversation with a friend and the relief that you feel at you know during that conversation
00:28:33.080 and afterwards and how different a way of being that is from how you were before I don't I don't
00:28:39.060 think you soon forget that and so I think just being attentive to and then seeking out these
00:28:45.560 circumstances in which your attention is absorbed by something else or someone else that can hold
00:28:51.260 it. And maybe it takes a bit of searching to find out what that is. I also think there's, you know,
00:28:55.660 such potential in finding and connecting with others who share those interests. So, you know,
00:29:02.360 like I have gone on a couple of birding field trips with, you know, like the Golden Gate Audubon
00:29:07.800 Society and just like being together with a, you know, a small group of people that are all really
00:29:12.320 focused on you know this one kind of duck or something that we're all looking for that's just
00:29:17.300 so it's very like a nourishing experience compared to you know what you know this platform that is
00:29:23.860 designed to also hold my attention but doesn't really do anything for me and actually actively
00:29:29.860 saps my energy and you know leaves me feeling like depressed and anxious yeah I don't think
00:29:37.540 you are alone in that and I think too with bird watching looking for ducks there's something too
00:29:45.520 that it brings our attention to the natural world to actually what does literally sustain us
00:29:53.040 yeah I think that even the way our eyes adjust to the earth and the colors of the forest or the sky
00:30:03.220 or the soil compared to the light of a screen and you know there's just so much to that and
00:30:11.320 you write how quote doing nothing isn't a one-time event where you turn off your phone for 48 hours or
00:30:18.280 permanently rebuke all technology because most of us can't afford these luxuries which I really
00:30:24.180 appreciate you acknowledging and in lieu of this you present refusal in place which suggests that
00:30:31.480 if we are indeed within the attention economy, we must practice how to live well within it.
00:30:37.480 So can you talk a bit about how refusal requires degrees of latitude,
00:30:41.460 as well as what perpetual refusal looks like in practice for you?
00:30:46.940 Yeah, yeah, it was important for me to acknowledge that, you know, different folks have different
00:30:52.980 margins of refusal, as I think I also call it. You know, I don't want to make any assumptions about
00:30:58.580 anyone's you know need or desire to use social media you know for example like someone who works
00:31:05.360 in media right like a journalist um has to have you know typically has to have an online presence
00:31:10.000 you know for all sorts of reasons or you know even just like the just wanting to all of your
00:31:15.800 friends are on social media and you need you know you you feel like you need to be there to
00:31:19.520 participate there are all kinds of reasons that you would not be able to just kind of like
00:31:23.220 um as I as I say like throw your phone in the ocean and and run away and so I think that
00:31:29.980 for me the kind of refusal in place it has to do with perspective and trying to gain perspective
00:31:39.040 and and also making as I say and it's not a one-time event trying to make that into a sort
00:31:44.860 of discipline or practice so you know just to borrow like from a physical example like
00:31:50.000 So I live at the bottom of a hill and I have, in the last couple of months, I've developed this routine of every morning, I walk to the top of this hill. It doesn't take that long. I walk to the top of this hill and there's an intersection where I can, if it's clear, I can see the bay, the San Francisco bay.
00:32:08.500 um and then i can you know see san francisco and the mountains behind it like if it's clear enough
00:32:13.840 and and then i just and i go back and do whatever i was doing and i i think i'm doing that to sort
00:32:20.560 of like orient myself spatially but also there's something that i think we a lot of us intuitively
00:32:26.440 have experienced which is like we we do that right like we walk to the top of the hill to get
00:32:31.380 to to look at you know the environment in which we just were from a different angle
00:32:36.400 and that gives us some kind of feeling of understanding
00:32:39.420 that we weren't able to have
00:32:41.720 when we were kind of in the middle of it.
00:32:43.560 And for me personally, like that's an experience
00:32:45.580 that I have sought like over and over again
00:32:47.440 when I was doing more visual art,
00:32:49.140 a lot of it involved satellite imagery and maps
00:32:52.180 and looking at things from weird angles.
00:32:54.820 Like this is just kind of like a thing
00:32:56.180 that I've been obsessed with for a long time.
00:32:58.660 And I think what happened with How to Do Nothing
00:33:00.440 was that I realized that it went from being
00:33:02.020 an artistic interest to like a survival skill,
00:33:04.220 which is like if you live in the midst of something that you don't you don't agree with
00:33:09.220 you sort of can't come to terms with is harmful you know like the attention economy there is this
00:33:15.100 kind of relationship in which you you don't completely exit but you also don't participate
00:33:22.680 the way that you're supposed to and you always kind of maintain this weird kind of like strange
00:33:29.780 perspective on it and that may require you to just kind of like mentally even just like ask
00:33:35.800 new questions over time where this thing that should never feel familiar will always should
00:33:42.320 always seem a little bit off right like a little bit alien um it's kind of like what I was saying
00:33:47.000 earlier about stepping away from something for a little bit and then it very quickly starts to seem
00:33:50.880 pretty strange so just kind of maintaining that as like an active yeah discipline and I say
00:33:56.560 discipline because it's something that I think you have to you have to do continuously over and
00:34:01.900 over again basically just trying not to fall into a habitual way of being and I'm saying that in the
00:34:07.980 context of the attention economy but I also think that that's just a good thing to do in life in my
00:34:13.540 experience is to not fall into habitual ways of thinking and to always kind of be almost like
00:34:18.540 poking yourself um and and trying to see the thing that you weren't saying um or see the thing that
00:34:25.300 you're used to from a new angle. And I think this is what, for me, has helped me not kind of
00:34:30.800 fall into that groove that social media so expertly sets up for me.
00:34:40.180 In addition to refusal in place, you chronicle how bioregionalism and reframing our attention
00:34:46.600 is an antidote to the attention economy. You write, quote, the reason I suggest the bioregion
00:34:52.400 as a meeting ground for our attention is not simply because it would address species loneliness
00:34:57.820 or because it enriches the human experience or even because I believe our physical survival
00:35:03.560 may depend on it. I value bioregionalism for the even more basic reason that just as attention
00:35:10.440 may be the last resource we have to withhold, the physical world is our last common reference point,
00:35:16.320 end quote. And we so desperately need common reference points. So can you elaborate a bit
00:35:23.140 more on why you link your critique of the attention economy to bioregionalism?
00:35:28.380 And does this focus prevent us from replicating consumer conditioning?
00:35:33.780 Yeah, I think that for me, bioregionalism is useful as a model, like a conceptual model,
00:35:41.020 but then it's also, I shouldn't use the word useful. Um, it's, I guess I would say that it's
00:35:46.640 important to me, um, metaphorically and concretely. So metaphorically as a sort of model, I think
00:35:53.060 if you pay a lot of attention to your bio region or anything in your bio region,
00:35:56.920 it forces you to acknowledge complexity and reciprocal relationships. And it also kind of
00:36:03.200 troubles the idea of like a bounded entity. So like, this is a sort of weird example, but just
00:36:08.920 the other day I was walking to the top of the hill and I saw all of these birds in a tree like
00:36:14.620 every bird I've ever seen in this neighborhood was in this one tree and they were all going nuts
00:36:18.020 and then I realized that they were all eating these moths and then I looked at the moths and
00:36:22.120 the moths were all like spawning out of the this spot on the ground like hundreds of moths were
00:36:27.960 just flying up into the air and getting eaten by these birds and I had never noticed that before
00:36:33.640 um and that's just a small example of like okay if you say you're a bird watcher at some point
00:36:39.040 you're going to have to expand out from birds to you know trees and plants and moths and bugs and
00:36:46.440 then you'll also have to start to acknowledge seasons and micro seasons and and you'll have
00:36:50.800 to look at a map that's larger than the area where you live um and it just kind of like any any point
00:36:56.600 you pick in a bioregion is going to branch outward like that um and so i think it's a really helpful
00:37:01.920 model for relearning how to see and appreciate complexity and interdependent relationships.
00:37:10.180 I also find it useful as a model of what I call difference without boundary. So there's different
00:37:15.580 bioregions, but there's no hard line between them. And that's something that I very much
00:37:20.560 appreciate as a biracial person who is similarly kind of in between two distinct backgrounds.
00:37:27.420 and then I think like more concretely everyone lives in a bioregion it may depending on where
00:37:34.040 you are and what kind of access you have to outdoor space which is you know very very variable
00:37:38.960 you there there are signs around you at any time of of where you are um I would also include in
00:37:45.660 this even things like you know I've been getting really into geology so like learning about like
00:37:49.260 the shape of this hill that I've been walking up like why is there a hill here so I would also
00:37:53.920 include that, but I think just, it's something I often use the term, like grabbing a hold of,
00:38:00.100 it's something you can grab a hold of. It's, you know, it's there, it's under your feet or it's
00:38:04.200 in front of you. And it also exists sort of a priori, like it's not, it's not something that
00:38:10.440 was engineered to hold your attention. It's just there. It was there before you, it was there
00:38:16.220 before us. And it's, and it has, you know, its own temporality is something I've been thinking about
00:38:22.100 a lot during the, during the pandemic is like observing the small and, and large signs of the
00:38:28.540 seasons changing. And I just think it's, I don't know, for me, it's like felt like a lifeline
00:38:32.900 in times when my attention was kind of stuck in this loop, or I was feeling very kind of alienated
00:38:38.400 or disembodied, just simply letting my attention settle on these, you know, physical, observable,
00:38:47.100 and, you know, sensible in many different ways, entities, but also relationships between entities
00:38:51.900 And that's just, yeah, like I said, it's been a lifesaver for me.
00:39:21.900 We'll be right back.
00:39:51.900 listen to their songs and when did these paths diverge was it when technology emerged
00:40:01.820 or at the onset of the written word or when we stopped listening to the birds
00:40:10.700 there is this line and how to do nothing that really struck me and i think will resonate with
00:40:23.360 our listeners as well you write quote if you become interested in the health of the place
00:40:29.020 where you are whether that's cultural or biological or both i have a warning you will
00:40:34.860 see more destruction than progress, end quote. And this draws upon Aldo Leopold's articulation
00:40:42.520 of a world of wounds. And I think about this in context of smaller scales of attention.
00:40:48.400 And I wonder if downsizing our scales of attention could actually soften some of the
00:40:53.900 blows of living in the ruins, sort of hold us as we reintegrate into the world and reclaim
00:41:00.420 our attention? Yeah. I mean, again, just during the pandemic, like in addition to the kind of
00:41:08.420 changing of the seasons, like one thing that I have been really attentive to is again, not everyone
00:41:14.140 is into birdwatching. I, which I have to acknowledge, but for me, like the experience
00:41:18.360 of seeing certain birds is one of it's just joy, you know, like, I mean, that's really the only
00:41:24.000 word that I can think of to describe it. And it's really strange in a way to experience that in the
00:41:32.280 midst of a larger concern about the decline in birds. I recently wrote, I guess it wasn't that
00:41:39.280 recent, early this year, I wrote a review for The Atlantic of a book by Jennifer Ackerman about bird
00:41:45.980 behavior. And that book is a combination of wonder at all of these new kind of inexplicable
00:41:52.800 things that we're learning about what birds can do at the same time that, you know, there's such
00:41:57.180 a huge decline in bird populations. And so it sounds kind of difficult to square those two,
00:42:03.480 but I think that actually the daily experience of these encounters with birds, which for the
00:42:10.320 time being are still in my neighborhood is actually what sustains me enough to live in
00:42:15.620 that world in which there's you know um in which i'm i am so concerned about them and then there's
00:42:22.920 a lot to be sort of frightened and angry and and anxious about i i think that it can be easy to
00:42:29.560 forget the importance of those small moments of joy where you sort of remember like what it is
00:42:36.960 that you're fighting for in the first place and i think there's a real risk of losing that and
00:42:41.060 sort of just living in this grind of despair which again is very lucrative for the attention
00:42:47.660 economy among other things but yeah I think that it's only more important now to you know not of
00:42:57.380 course not lose sight of of these issues um that feel quite crushing but but to also experience
00:43:03.620 like in these kind of small spaces within that um just like appreciation and love and gratitude for
00:43:09.360 for, for those, you know, for what you, what is in front of you, um, and what is around you.
00:43:16.000 Mm-hmm. Gosh, that is so important. It's like, we can, we can lose this entire earth while
00:43:25.140 being distracted on a screen of an earth that isn't real on that screen. You know, it's, it's,
00:43:31.160 I remember seeing this cartoon of this guy looking at his computer screen and there was a forest,
00:43:37.620 but outside his window was a bunch of stumps and yeah it's it just oh it just feels so important
00:43:47.300 and in your writing you you often talk and in this interview you know you've been talking about the
00:43:52.820 companionship and guidance that bird watching has provided you over the years and I think it's
00:43:57.720 always important to underscore the ways in which our attention to the more than human world really
00:44:02.640 sustains us. And I also think about, you know, yeah, just kind of going back to this cartoon.
00:44:12.080 It's like a step further, I think. We know how to make reels and shopping tabs. And, you know,
00:44:20.140 we notice the shopping tab on Instagram, we notice IG, we know how to create IGTVs, but yet we don't
00:44:25.900 know the bird species around us. We don't know their song, we don't know what they look like.
00:44:30.220 And therefore, we don't know if they go extinct. We don't know if they're in peril. And so I think also just about what children are learning and what they're not learning and how that disconnection really stops us from being able to stand up in defense of the earth, which is actually the basis of our survival.
00:44:52.760 so yeah I don't have a direct question there but just hearing your last response and kind of
00:44:59.000 getting in that rabbit hole of the knowledge that our attention brings us and how it's not
00:45:08.940 it is for our psychological health but it actually is also for our very survival
00:45:13.520 to notice what's around us like in the actual real world um so yeah I'll pause there before
00:45:21.220 I like really go down that hole, but if there's anything you want to add, I'm interested to hear
00:45:28.340 it. I mean, I will say that, um, you know, I, I mentioned earlier the utopian social media,
00:45:35.840 it is still difficult for me to imagine that, but I, but I think it's also true that there are uses
00:45:40.880 of um uh you know uses of online connection that actually um can can help with things like this so
00:45:51.340 you know i mentioned i naturalist at one point in the book which is the app that lets you identify
00:45:56.120 plants and if you're lucky animals and which has been huge for me in terms of like becoming
00:46:02.140 familiar with my uh with my bio region like the ability to not only like take a photo but also
00:46:07.960 and then it gives you it lets you guess um so it or it gives you some guesses you choose one and
00:46:13.880 then um usually a person who is kind of certified to do so will um confirm or deny within a couple
00:46:19.900 of days depending on how popular it is where you are but um i i went to an i naturalist happy hour
00:46:26.300 at one point and it was like really i met the person who had been um confirming a lot of my
00:46:31.780 iNaturalist observations and and then you know there's like I've just noticed things like on the
00:46:38.380 Golden Gate Audubon Society email list there's this kind of like feeling of a community of people
00:46:43.840 that's looking out for for example like a specific species you know just kind of talking about like
00:46:48.820 oh you know I've noticed that fewer of these have showed up this year has anyone else noticed that
00:46:52.920 kind of like coordination of like attention right and and also being able to like respond right to
00:46:59.480 there's some kind of like problem or threat. Um, so I think that that's an example of, uh,
00:47:08.100 the ways in which I think just, you know, technology or sort of online connection in
00:47:11.500 itself, you know, it can sort of be used for, it can be used in multiple directions. It doesn't
00:47:17.040 always have to be this kind of nefarious distracting thing that's so divorced from
00:47:22.840 the physical world. Like I think there are ways in which my favorite example of a piece of
00:47:26.880 technology is binoculars because it allows me to see something that I can't see with my unaided eye
00:47:32.980 and so there's ways of thinking about technology that I think can be in support of this identification
00:47:40.540 with and support of the natural world yeah absolutely yeah it's it's technology may not
00:47:50.360 be an evil in and of itself. I mean, maybe some people would argue at that. But yeah, I'm thinking
00:47:58.960 about in your article, why birds do what they do for the Atlantic. You talk about birdwatching in
00:48:05.400 the cemetery near your house and how it provides this sense of erasure and the feeling of absolving
00:48:11.100 oneself from the world. And lately, I've been thinking about the soft power that melding
00:48:16.840 ourselves into the world provides as we dismantle human supremacy. But this example at the cemetery
00:48:23.440 speaks of a sort of imagined erasure. And I'm curious to hear more about that practice as well,
00:48:30.420 even if just in small temporary moments. Yeah, I mean, I used the word humbling earlier. And I think
00:48:38.600 that um when you you know there's there's a form of bird watching I think I say this in the book
00:48:47.180 that's a little bit like Pokemon Go right like it's like I got that one I got that one you're
00:48:51.420 kind of going down the list and it feels it still feels very acquisitive to me um like you're
00:48:56.640 acquiring something and uh whereas like my sort of preferred form of bird watching I mean don't
00:49:02.240 get me wrong I get really excited when I see a new species for the first time but um you know
00:49:07.040 I also have known these crows on my street for, you know, now four years as family of crows.
00:49:15.400 And crows are, you know, supposedly a very common bird.
00:49:19.860 Although, you know, it's, they're also some by, by human measures of intelligence, they're,
00:49:24.600 they're very intelligent and can recognize faces and all this.
00:49:27.480 But all of that aside, you know, I, I think the more time I spend with them and observing
00:49:35.760 them and their behavior over the years um it's not like I have some it's not like I'm grasping
00:49:42.460 them or I can understand them better it actually increases the complexity that I see when I look
00:49:48.640 at them and at some point it sort of flips things where you know they are to me like the biggest
00:49:54.460 reminder that I'm an animal and that when they look at me they see an animal that you know I
00:50:00.060 and the crows are animals and uh uh it really yeah like i said it kind of um flips that that
00:50:07.680 um relationship that i think we're really used to of seeing um the animate world is sort of
00:50:12.900 subordinate to humans and and not lacking an agency and just sort of like things in the world
00:50:18.620 um i think if you spend enough time you know anyone who has a pet probably understands this
00:50:23.240 right like who hasn't looked at their pet and wondered like what are you thinking um but it's
00:50:27.680 like this kind of moment in which you it's not that you're able to see the world through their
00:50:32.800 eyes it's almost it's the understanding that you you can never see the world through their eyes
00:50:37.400 there's a completely different way of being in the world that you will never understand
00:50:40.120 and yet these two ways of being in the world are like staring at each other and i think that's
00:50:44.980 really it's humbling because it de-centers you um and it sort of this is it makes you just one
00:50:52.840 piece of this larger puzzle. Like you're just another animal. Of course, you know, I say just
00:50:58.480 another animal, like meanwhile, humans are like destroying the earth, but, but in that sort of
00:51:02.480 moment, it's just kind of like a reminder that, um, that you, you don't actually have any kind
00:51:07.680 of inherent primacy vis-a-vis this other being. Right. Yeah. Oh, well, Jenny, for my final
00:51:16.400 question i want to talk about what you call manifest dismantling and the necessity of
00:51:22.960 reframing progress and invention as you conclude how to do nothing you write quote 19th century
00:51:29.640 views of progress production and innovation relied on an image of the land as a blank slate
00:51:35.500 where its current inhabitants and systems were like so many weeds and what was destined to
00:51:40.900 become an American lawn. But if we sincerely recognized all that was already here, both
00:51:48.080 culturally and ecologically, we started to understand that anything framed as construction
00:51:52.700 was actually also destruction, end quote. So can you speak to how boycotting the attention economy
00:52:00.080 also means tangible and intangible commitments to place and a sort of repair in the form of
00:52:07.020 unraveling? Yeah, I mean, I think that one example of this, you know, one example of the fact that
00:52:17.300 dealing with the attention economy requires actions that would have to happen outside of
00:52:21.280 the sphere of what we would consider the attention economy is just access to a sense of place. So
00:52:28.920 I talk a little bit in that chapter about the disparate access to outdoor space that happens,
00:52:34.200 You know, for example, in Oakland, there are far fewer parks in West Oakland than where I am, you know, where you think about someone who lives in the hills versus someone who lives next to the port.
00:52:44.680 And then also the fact that I mentioned that in tandem with the fact that, you know, many sort of tech moguls have prohibited use of, you know, iPhones at the dinner table or they have some sort of someone who's helping them kind of curtail their use.
00:53:01.820 Meanwhile, someone, you know, let's say like a single mother who's working really hard and just needs to kind of put something in front of her children is going to like, you know, give them the phone.
00:53:11.960 So there's these kind of differences in privilege access and class that I think like, you know, have to be kind of acknowledged if you really, you know, are talking about a holistic way of dealing with the attention economy.
00:53:26.640 So that's part of the reason that I that I end the book by talking about this park that I feel like really encapsulates all of these things.
00:53:34.600 It's Middle Harbor Shoreline Park.
00:53:37.300 And I think it's just such an amazing example because it is an example of what I would call manifest dismantling and that it used to be a naval supply depot.
00:53:47.160 And then it's basically the port turned it into a park.
00:53:52.360 and in doing so it had to it had been dredged so they had to recreate a kind of beach that would
00:53:59.500 have been there and so that's work right like putting up in the work of returning something
00:54:05.880 to how it used to be or just taking something out like dismantling something and then all of
00:54:11.460 these shorebirds showed up it's still actually a really great place for bird watching but it also
00:54:15.920 has a tower that's um named after chapelle hayes who was someone who was very instrumental in
00:54:22.600 bringing awareness to oakland of environmental racism uh especially with the port being right
00:54:27.180 next to west oakland um so there's that sort of monument as well it's a kind of observation tower
00:54:32.320 so you can walk up there and just kind of see the whole park um and then you know just on in a more
00:54:37.600 basic sense it's a park that's in west oakland so it's a and it's a space for reflection it's
00:54:42.520 space for community with others community with um the birds who are visiting and like to me like
00:54:50.200 when I think of what my definition of productive is like that's what it is is that park it's like
00:54:56.940 something that you know was restored and a lot of work went into that restoration and then it's
00:55:03.740 also something that's acknowledging you know it's acknowledging harm that's been done um and so you
00:55:09.800 know it's like I I don't really want to use the language of like I try not to use the language
00:55:14.280 of forward and backward but I think if you subscribe to the kind of manifest destiny
00:55:19.880 version of like linear progressive history it will look like turning back it will look like
00:55:25.240 turning around and going backwards but I think that that it only looks that way from that point
00:55:30.040 of view from the point of view of like health and flourishing and acknowledgement and justice like
00:55:34.740 it's just it's just um improvement um I don't really know what else to call it um and it and
00:55:42.580 it is productive it's productive of of meaning and uh and you know acknowledgement of of things
00:55:50.500 that should have been acknowledged so yeah for me that's that's kind of the best example and
00:55:55.040 I was really heartened to see yesterday that the the there are some dams um in on the Klamath that
00:56:03.040 are like maybe uh step closer to being dismantled i i have the example of the dam that's dismantled
00:56:09.160 in the carmel valley in my book but i think you know that's like a really literal example is like
00:56:14.220 just literally like taking down a structure in order to restore um a habitat for fish and
00:56:21.120 and other beings so like i just think examples abound of like just removing like something that
00:56:27.160 just needs to be removed um to me that's like a step quote unquote forward absolutely i'm so
00:56:34.080 excited about the klamath dam news this week and and praying that it follows through with
00:56:41.060 the mission of taking down those dams i think i think there's something like 70 000 dams
00:56:46.720 across the united states and we got to take them down especially when we still have access to
00:56:53.120 fossil fuels got to take them down so yeah that's such a wonderful note to end on thank you jenny
00:57:00.340 for your time this has been such an important conversation that i feel like everybody listening
00:57:05.720 will feel connected to in one way or the other thank you so much it's been my pleasure
00:57:11.720 thank you for listening to for the wild podcast the music you heard today is by harrison foster
00:57:20.860 Bosques Fragmentados, Samara Gisando, and Critscum.
00:57:25.480 For the Wild is created by Ayanna Young, Erica Ekrem,
00:57:29.080 Francesca Glassbell, and Melanie Tucker.