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00:01:37.860Hello and welcome to For the Wild podcast. I'm Ayanna Young. Today I'm speaking with Tyson Yankapoda.
00:01:46.720This is where hope is a destructive force in the universe. Hope is like part of what keeps us all enslaved.
00:01:53.880and that that it speaks to that narcissistic core. Tyson Yankapoda is an academic, an arts critic,
00:02:02.840and a researcher who belongs to the Apaletch clan in far north Queensland. He carves traditional
00:02:11.040tools and weapons and also works as a senior lecturer in indigenous knowledges at Deakin
00:02:17.480University and Melbourne. Well, hello Tyson to For The Wild Podcast. I'm so looking forward to
00:02:25.580spending this time with you. Yeah, it's good to be here, Yana. Wonderful. So in preparation for
00:02:33.820our time together, I came across a conversation you had with Howard Johnson, where you shared
00:02:39.780the sentiments, quote, we used to fight to change conditions. Now we fight to change perception.
00:02:47.480end quote. And I'd really like to begin our conversation here because it's such a succinct
00:02:55.760vocalization of a phenomenon that has really taken over in many of the spaces myself and for
00:03:02.540the wild listeners exist in. And part of me wonders if this shift is perhaps a byproduct
00:03:10.400of generations growing up in a capitalist system where good branding is enough but as a guiding
00:03:18.360topic into our conversation I wonder if you could elaborate on this and what you think it will take
00:03:24.740for us to free ourselves from our obsession with perception. I mean perception is really important
00:03:31.620but it's also it can be manipulated and then I guess it's the same it's that multi-polar trap
00:03:38.940of um you know the proliferation of perverse incentives and um you know that tragedy of the
00:03:47.300commons where you know you only have to have one person you know doing the wrong thing and gaining
00:03:52.980an unfair advantage and then everybody has to do it even if it's going to wreck everything
00:03:57.020so you know we've had a quite a few decades now of powerful people manipulating uh perception
00:04:06.460And I guess more and more people have been getting in on that game to the point where anybody who's anybody in the power-broken business has got to have, you know, PR people, marketing people.
00:04:18.400They've got to have, you know, psychologists who can, torches of freedom, spin on everything, you know, and sort of change perception.
00:04:26.760but it's funny that's it's democratized so much now well not democratized let's call it
00:04:33.020metastasized because it's now everybody has to have their their nuclear weapon if you know what
00:04:40.720i mean it's um so basically every single person on the planet is in the business of perception
00:04:46.880management and uh everybody's perception and opinion is sacred and everybody can have their
00:04:52.580own opinions they can have their own facts and like i said to howie there was a time when we'd
00:04:58.560be fighting to change our condition but we found increasingly you know in in the last decade or so
00:05:04.600that that's um that's it's just not acceptable you're not allowed to change the actual material
00:05:10.780physical conditions you're not allowed to do anything that will affect the economy or the
00:05:15.240marketplace but we've been sort of let loose on this new frontier this new frontier that everybody
00:05:23.200can colonize and be pioneers of and you know go out and um claim and name and build and brand all
00:05:30.580of their um personal and group identities and um alternative facts and this position and that
00:05:37.780position and this standpoint and that standpoint on everything and just uh have so many billions
00:05:44.000of different competing narratives all jostling for space out there it's like everybody has
00:05:50.040you know access to those weapons of mass pr now which ironically makes them less powerful
00:05:57.080but it also sort of prevents anybody from you know we have and so people can rise up and go yes
00:06:03.880extinction rebellion that sounds huge that sounds like we're all going to throw our bodies on the
00:06:09.720machinery and bring it all to a halt we're going to do something to change the condition but
00:06:14.120i mean what happened really a few people went on a few hunger strikes there was some placards
00:06:21.620you know nothing really changes yeah it's really tricky but you can't even talk about this you know
00:06:29.340because everything is you know splintered and fractured into a thousand different points of
00:06:34.060you and a thousand different you know sets of alternative facts so even this you can't even
00:06:39.600talk about it in the alt-right they call what we're talking about now um cultural marxism
00:06:45.180so you know that idea that you know marxism 1.0 was all about redistributing wealth focusing on
00:06:53.220capital versus labor and all that sort of stuff and and making sure things would be fair and
00:06:57.840people could have a weekend and and you know wouldn't die too young and all that sort of
00:07:02.000thing like it was actually focused on conditions and then the idea that no it's marxism 2.0
00:07:08.240cultural marxism is just you know the change that we're allowed to have is in the culture
00:07:14.340is in the perception you know is in the all the rest um but that branding i mean that's all
00:07:22.320sort of tainted and spun around this sort of you facts about the liberal left and it's trying to
00:07:29.740couch or disguise or mask you know quite a bit of racism and and misogyny and all that sort of
00:07:37.080stuff so that's that branding of it and you've got then you've got the old school marxists and
00:07:42.040their branding of it then you've got this one that one you've got the woke sort of branding of it
00:07:47.140which is just everything is different you know it's just it's just such a mess and you know i
00:07:55.980mean you can see that all sort of spinning you know out in this sort of chaotic mishmash of ideas
00:08:04.140and no sense no meaning making it all going on in any meaningful way that's actually you know
00:08:11.400people are able to agree on a broad sort of reality that we can sort of work around
00:08:17.000you know individually and collectively that that's that's kind of that's gone I'm not sure
00:08:22.620coming back you know um so it's just going to be different groups and group identities just
00:08:29.100fighting brand wars and even physical wars maybe even civil wars or certainly civil wars um
00:08:35.740yeah on and on for i i can't see that ending in the next decade
00:08:40.900can you what do you think the next decade looks like where do i begin it's like am i in my
00:08:49.460radical imagination let's start with this weekend yeah what's gonna happen this weekend where you
00:08:55.940are and um yeah well if we were having this interview next week it might look a little
00:09:01.520different yeah I'm interested when you said that we're not changing conditions it's because of the
00:09:12.780economy? Or if you could just elaborate a bit more on why you think we resist changing conditions?
00:09:22.900Well, let me just give you an example of the Indigenous Australian experience. There are
00:09:29.980millions every year budgeted for Indigenous communities and programs such as, I mean,
00:09:38.200the broad policy idea is closing the gap. I think we borrowed that from Canada
00:09:42.420you know so closing the gap in life expectancy education health etc
00:09:47.040because it's a significant gap between the indigenous population and the rest
00:09:51.660but yeah it's not about so millions are spent most of that money
00:09:57.520it goes into the wages of non-indigenous administrators
00:10:02.460who keep endlessly just administering these programs
00:10:06.520and then evaluating them and coming up with having to do reports
00:11:34.380And I tell you, if you just took the money for this conference and put it directly into the bank accounts of the people that you're trying to figure out how to help, then the gap will close like a motherfucker.0.96
00:11:45.040And I would say that, you know, because that I think, you know, you need to use language in that way sometimes to sort of shock people a little bit into because they'll remember what you just said.0.96
00:11:58.240After a while, they stopped inviting me because that wasn't the message that they want to hear.
00:12:02.600It's pretty much anything but actually, you know, giving the wealth directly to people instead of, you know, running programs that are going to help them to become better people so that they can access the opportunities of the marketplace better and pull their bootstraps up.
00:12:20.140You know, that attitude is never going to change.
00:12:23.840You know, and it's very difficult because we, you know, it was only a few decades ago.
00:12:29.380there was still this thing going on that had been happening for a very long time called
00:12:33.120stolen wages. So for a long time in Australia, our communities, our indigenous communities,
00:12:38.380we weren't allowed to receive our own wages because we weren't trusted to be able to spend
00:12:44.740the money properly. So our wages would be held in trust for us and we'd be given just enough
00:12:51.100for basic survival, for basic food and clothing, very basic. And the rest of it was held in
00:12:58.800accounts in trust for us to be given back to us so anyway the upshot of all that is that um
00:13:05.660you know in the end so we had generations and generations uh having their wages stolen and
00:13:11.320what happened in the end was the government kept all of that money everybody's wages and they spent
00:13:17.320it all on uh infrastructure so in the end it was indigenous um wages held in trust that built
00:13:25.840you know all of the roads and all of the bridges you know all of these things0.92
00:13:30.560and in the meantime non-indigenous people got to build up0.97
00:13:34.100intergenerational wealth and these aren't you know investors and all this
00:13:39.320sort of thing these are just unskilled workers who are able to
00:13:42.100have an unskilled job and just work for three or five years and
00:13:47.540and buy a house and then work for another three or five years and buy
00:13:51.940another house you know so you got quite you know0.99
00:13:55.060uneducated uh unskilled sort of people multi-generational not particularly special
00:14:01.840amazing people um you know who've ended up quite wealthy and that's an intergenerational equity0.57
00:14:08.980thing too because you know the millennials even you know some non-indigenous ones they can't
00:14:14.480they can't do that anymore they'll be spending their entire lives0.99
00:14:18.260trying to scrape together enough to get a mortgage that they'll never pay off and
00:14:24.160if they're lucky you know um yeah so these are the material conditions and you're not allowed
00:14:33.380to campaign to change those i mean you're allowed to campaign but you have no you're not allowed to
00:14:39.220actually change that but i tell you you can have a lot of wins if you're just changing
00:14:44.260well i want to have this word eliminated or i want to add this word you know i want to change
00:14:50.360our language so that we can airbrush this intensely inequitable system demands inequality
00:14:58.820just to be able to function but we won't worry about the system we're not allowed to look at
00:15:03.360that what we're going to do is just tweak it to make it feel more fair to make it feel more equitable1.00
00:15:09.860so that you know i mean we can be completely destroying minority communities but as long as1.00
00:15:16.500you know we're using the right language about those communities then you know we've won the0.99
00:15:21.140battle so it's just yeah it's just that it's just basically everybody's involved in neurolinguistic
00:15:28.860programming bloody wars other people call them culture wars but you know it's just um this
00:15:36.680endless battle for this endless pr battle you know with everybody behaving as a corporation
00:15:42.620unto themselves in charge of their own branding choosing all their little identities and
00:15:47.540intersectionalities and gathering together their little echo chambers and their networks and going
00:15:53.820well this is what i like and this is this reflects who i am and this is the narrative and if i can
00:15:59.640get more followers than anybody else then you know i win the my narrative is the dominant narrative
00:16:05.940it comes out on top in this little sector over here and then we can go to war with that sector
00:16:11.900over there i mean it's just uh a game theoretical uh just nightmare endless stuff and of course i
00:16:21.980mean that ends up you know exploding out into physical violence as well and which you know
00:16:26.560there's nothing wrong with a little bit of violence but um as long as it's productive
00:16:30.680wow so much in your response and in thinking about perception i can't help but want to
00:16:42.300interrogate the ways in which many of us are identifying ourselves to each other
00:16:46.300bluntly put you've articulated that there will be massive ramifications if we don't bring0.94
00:16:53.080non-indigenous people back into relationship with the land and i think in many cases non-indigenous
00:16:59.620people are really feeling this separation. But rather than delving into the trickier parts of
00:17:06.080this, it's a lot easier to tend to an ancestral lineage or even a nationality. And while I think
00:17:13.580this is done with the right intentions for the most part, there are moments where it also feels
00:17:18.900like an attempt at gaining social capital, not honoring one's responsibility to place.
00:17:24.920so moving into a discussion on identity i wonder if you could share your response to the sort of
00:17:31.980performance of identity that is becoming quite rampant versus the call to become responsible
00:17:38.260to your place in the immediate well basically um if you're a millennial or i mean even most
00:17:46.600to gen x but you know if you're a millennial or next on a if you're like 30 or under or even mid
00:17:54.24030s and under you're not ever going to have any financial capital chances are wherever you are in
00:18:01.980the world it's you're you're not going to have that kind of capital but the capital that's
00:18:06.560available to you is um you know is is is basically around your identity you can have cultural capital
00:18:15.620social capital, all those kinds of things. Some of these things can be leveraged for a little bit
00:18:22.300of value or a little bit of position so that you can move around in a pecking order. It's funny,
00:18:28.340there's a biological capital that's associated with that now. Over on Turtle Island, where you
00:18:34.280are, you're in the States, Americas. Kim Tolbert, I don't know if you've come across her.
00:19:11.460fetishize as a marker of their identities and, you know,0.56
00:19:15.900intersectionalities and the rest. So rather than kind of, you know,
00:19:20.580living in that struggle and working to change condition, it's, it's about,
00:19:25.180it becomes more about branding oneself. It's very tricky.
00:19:30.120It's a just perception is everything at the moment, you know,
00:19:36.340so a lot of our scholarship as indigenous people and minority scholarship,
00:19:40.400you know queer theory and everything else uh critical race theory these things have a really
00:19:46.500solid base in very rigorous academic work that a lot of people just struggled and struggled and
00:19:53.340bled for to make happen and carve out space for that in our institutions you know so we had um
00:19:59.980you know post-colonial theory you know standpoint theory you know all of these things are critical
00:20:06.200race theory queer theory all these things were built on a really solid foundation of very rigorous
00:20:11.820research you know that really did um uncover all the machinations of power and how these things
00:20:17.940work and um how to make spaces within that discourse you know for a voice to emerge to
00:20:26.920actually change the condition um of things that that's what that was about until really recently
00:20:33.280But what I've noticed over the last decade is people engaging with that in increasingly shallow ways around their personal branding and their fetishization of their inherited biologies and inherited inequalities and all of these sorts of things.
00:20:53.120whereby they get this idea that just any random thought that flits across their consciousness
00:20:59.820is truth and wisdom and logic, you know, sort of washed clean, made pure and always containing
00:21:09.120pure truth no matter what, just on the basis of their kind of cultural capital and, you know,
00:21:16.560identity capital and all that sort of thing um it's just it's this insane magical thinking that's
00:21:23.360sort of taken over something that was quite a strong discipline and it gives us a bad name
00:21:28.080because i know a lot of really good thinkers and i'm involved in a lot of communities of really
00:21:32.420good thinkers and rigorous change makers who've completely rejected you know post-colonial theory
00:21:39.000standpoint theory post-modernism they just laugh at that because all they see is this um silly work
00:21:46.860being done and this stuff that's it's just not rigorous it's not tested against anything it's
00:21:53.580it's invalid it's not verifiable um the people who are doing it are not attempting to falsify
00:21:59.720what they're looking at to test it and put it through the fires of a real process of inquiry
00:22:05.000anymore. So it's just all flippant, and vague, and just self indulgent and stupid. And so1.00
00:22:15.040understandably, it's just has no respect anymore. And I think it's some, it's really done an
00:22:20.660injustice to all the people who fought rigorously in that space, you know, to give us the
00:22:26.580methodological tools and epistemological tools, to be able to, you know, leverage some real change1.00
00:22:33.520in the conditions of the world um but you know all these insane like you know wokesters and
00:22:42.420outright and out left and you know weirdos have sort of taken over with absolutely no rigor
00:22:50.240so i find it really hard because a lot of my work over the decades has been using a lot of those
00:22:56.400tools and building on them and bringing out new really good methods of inquiry grounded in our
00:23:04.620ancient traditions of inquiry and making really rigorous tools for research and such. And then
00:23:12.780all of that's tainted with the same, attired with the same brush, if you like now.
00:23:19.260So it's diminished our capital and leverage in the real world,
00:23:23.620But sort of increased our fabulousness in the sort of shadow world of cybernetic narcissism and hubris.
00:23:53.620Synapse firing, shelling in the darkness
00:24:18.180I feel like a crowd, all your voices in my lungs
00:24:22.860it's hard to hold this answered brotherhood between siblings taught to speak in different
00:24:31.640tongues i think trying to interrogate the way we cling to our identities the way we mark
00:24:44.800ourselves through space opens up more room to discuss what you talk about as hybridized insight
00:24:51.300Right. And many are eager to explore the fruitfulness of the liminal and in-between spaces in general, but especially so in terms of the importance of intermediaries who really challenge supremacist or colonial rigidity.
00:25:06.380And how after decades of this narrative of never being enough of one thing, this perspective may actually be enough to serve as a bridge during times of transformation and breakdown.
00:25:21.760And do you think hybridized insight can also serve as a remedy to the mass memory loss and cultural loss that dominates in Western systems?
00:25:32.920Well, I mean, hybridization is just, it's what, I mean, it almost doesn't exist because it implies that there are separate closed systems that sometimes come together and hybridize.
00:25:48.600You know, but I mean, the reality of the natural world and of what you're calling the wild, these are fairly permeable membranes in these sort of separate systems that aren't really separate.
00:26:04.080You know, all of these things are mixing, combining, moving all the time.
00:26:07.860there was that idea in early science where you know everything in the whole world was named and
00:26:14.480classified and given a location you know under the idea that that's where god put it so that's
00:26:20.180where it belongs z is for zebra and they're from africa you know etc so there's this kind of
00:26:28.620perception that everything is in its place and that it's weird now because things are now moving
00:26:34.800out of their place and mixing but in reality that is what happens you there is uh exchange
00:26:41.280and interaction constantly occurring uh in wild systems there is um i mean so an ecosystem will
00:26:48.540move a couple of hundred meters every year it's constantly moving and there is constant exchange
00:26:54.620between those systems a system in itself if it was just self-contained uh entropy will build up in
00:27:01.560that over time that's that um second law of thermodynamics and it will just collapse in on
00:27:06.600itself so you know so every system must dump entropy out into another system um and in in
00:27:14.640nature the idea is like the way that's evolved is that um you know the entropy that you're dumping
00:27:20.440is another system's lunch you know so you're having you're putting that into there and then
00:27:25.560that system is also exchanging things back so it's there's this constant flow there is these um
00:27:31.980closed loops of flows between and among and across systems constantly in a myriad of ways
00:27:39.420so that there are no separate systems in the end there are no closed systems so you know the second
00:27:46.860law of thermodynamics is really only a theoretical state you can't really have that entropy you know
00:27:52.860in a vacuum, because that vacuum doesn't exist. It's the first law of thermodynamics, that idea
00:27:58.660that, you know, nothing's created or destroyed, it just moves around a bit, would be a simple way
00:28:04.200of saying it, which unfortunately, then changes your notion of time, etc. So, you know, the idea
00:28:11.000of hybridity itself is, is kind of, you know, supposing the separation that doesn't really exist.
00:28:17.920But I guess when things have been separated for a long time, and then they come together,
00:28:22.860You get this thing that's noted by dog breeders and stuff like that, you know, so populations or systems that have been separated for quite some time, you know, artificially or otherwise, when they come together, there is an explosion of vigor.
00:28:35.840But I really just, I feel that that's just the wildness, reasserting itself and celebrating for a minute.
00:28:45.640i mean so this happens with uh genetics you know but it also happens with um just i mean ideas
00:28:53.620ideas um exist within evolutionary pressures and and um you know laws as well and there are always
00:29:03.520cambrian explosions when you when you know systems come together and dance together that have been
00:29:09.540you know previously separated so i guess that's that idea of that uh those hybridized insights
00:29:16.500you have exciting things the only problem is i mean and this is another thing because
00:29:21.960the perception nazis have taken over everything it's hard to talk about
00:29:26.900you know it's hard to talk about power in this because that's something that actually messes
00:29:33.800that process up there isn't free exchange it's very difficult when we're sitting under a global
00:29:40.920economic system in anglosphere that sort of taints everything with unequal power relations every
00:29:46.500exchange is you know sitting under the framework of an economic system that demands inequality for
00:29:52.000anything to have value so therefore when we have dialogue you know um when we have a dialogical
00:29:59.960you know approach to things and where there's a cultural interface happening you know between
00:30:05.020two cultural systems uh power dynamics unfortunately unequal power dynamics will
00:30:10.400come into play and actually skew that and mess it up you know so you inevitably have one group
00:30:16.960uh that's existing in an extractive relation with the other group and you just can't have good
00:30:23.060thinking and good exchange and you know the third culture innovations etc emerging
00:30:29.800when you have that kind of power imbalance and you can't address that power imbalance through
00:30:34.920freaking optics you can't just have a few different colored faces around the table
00:30:39.440and go look look we got a ceo who's you know from this minority group or whatever that that's0.96
00:30:47.660optics that that doesn't change the quality of the thinking you know you've got this you've
00:30:53.340always got this sort of um anglo-western kind of thinking coming out on top as the default and
00:30:59.460everybody else has to sort of orbit around that and translate their ideas across to that and then
00:31:06.180that that center the anglo center chooses what it's going to use and it sort of takes bits and
00:31:11.760pieces of it you know not entire ideas like oh my god we're not going to take the whole vedic
00:31:17.420tradition we're just going to take this bit the breathing technique all right um we'll turn that
00:31:23.480into mindfulness and send that out to every corporate corporate and everybody has to do
00:31:29.560the training you know so everything's simplified rebranded repackaged and just um you know pretty
00:31:36.360much destroyed uh commodified commercialized and i guess that's the same thing that's happening with
00:31:43.200our identities and our activism and everything else we're just um we're just selling we're all
00:31:51.380selling and buying together in some highly skewed power dynamics, which for most of us is a zero sum
00:32:00.940game. Isn't that awful? Can we make the next question a nice one? Like, you know, about something
00:32:10.520lovely well yes it's heavy and it's also honest and i think sometimes that blunt honesty in a
00:32:22.240world of fake news is really refreshing there's something i think kind of relieving just to truth
00:32:29.820tell to one another and take down the masks and stop playing the games and stop trying to make
00:32:36.380everything sound like a branded clean package with a bow wrapped ready to go with the solutions
00:32:44.220inside you know it's it's um it's real and there's something yeah just there's something light about
00:32:51.580just actually being real with people these days I think the heaviness to me comes in from a lot
00:32:56.800of the confusion and not feeling like I can trust things that people are saying and that really
00:33:02.040weighs me down i feel like if there is one thing i've really felt incredibly committed to conveying
00:33:11.140on the podcast and exploring in conversation is the reality that there are no solutions
00:33:17.940the solution is a capitalist endeavor and so in this sense chasing down a solution
00:33:25.060to the problems of our time is a colossal waste of time and similarly i've heard you share that
00:33:32.020But in lieu of solutions, we should be, quote, fostering the right environment for emergence, end quote.
00:33:38.900And so I'd like to ask you more about what you see as the environment for emergence, because certainly what it invokes for me is the importance of relinquishing our attachment to normalcy, because emergence certainly does not bloom in the stagnant waters of the status quo.
00:34:02.380Yeah, it does come from the stagnant waters.
00:34:09.380So you think about energies and flows that you can tap into and connect with
00:34:15.380and find that pattern in there and be responsive.
00:34:20.380I don't mean emotions, but feeling as a way of thinking.