00:00:49.860In this story, we have to push past the settler faces dynamited into sacred ground0.77
00:00:56.440to get to the missing history of real American heroes.
00:01:01.660Real witches whose names aren't told in school,
00:01:04.680but whose magic has shifted the culture we inhabit.
00:01:08.680Hidden, moving in shadows and behind the scenes.
00:01:13.060Today we'll meet Lozen, a warrior, healer, and prophet of the Cheyenne Shirikawa Apache
00:01:21.380who, when the Indian Removal Act was passed in the USA in 1830,
00:01:27.020was a ten-year-old girl whose power and difference was already beginning to show.
00:01:34.800Here's what I want you to know about Lozen right from the jump.
00:01:38.760She is said to have had a psychic ability, that she was gifted.
00:01:44.480But when we work very, very hard, learn, commit, and sacrifice, do we call a return on that energetic investment a gift, or did we earn it?
00:08:02.480Our stories about colonial violence and environmental destruction
00:08:07.000are key to moving forward in the fight to stop
00:08:10.100the systemic destruction of our environment.
00:08:14.280See, witches, the universe operates in patterns,
00:08:18.300webs, connections. You can think of it literally or metaphorically, but we are the Earth.
00:08:26.240Lozen's power, in my view, wasn't so much that she was psychic, but that she was listening.
00:08:32.840Connected to the Earth to such a degree that it sent her messages.
00:08:37.580The Apaches did not refer to themselves as Apache. This was a word that translated to
00:08:43.160enemy in Zuni and was later adopted by the Spanish. Apaches instead referred to themselves
00:08:48.560with variants of Ende, meaning the people. The name Lozen was an Ende war title, meaning
00:08:55.540one who has stolen horses in a raid. This reminded me of a German turn of phrase, a compliment.
00:09:02.720Jemand mit deinem Fjernem stehlen kann. It refers to someone who is reliable, trustworthy,
00:09:09.400a friend with whom you can do something extraordinary, difficult, or crazy. Someone
00:09:16.560who is game for everything. Literally translated, somebody with whom you can steal horses.
00:09:24.660And Lozen was all that. Strong, loyal, and trustworthy. Someone you could steal horses with.
00:09:32.080Her brother, Victorio, called her his right hand in battle, saying she was strong as a man,
00:09:37.960but braver than most, and cunning in strategy, he said Lozen is a shield to her people. Of course,
00:09:45.340it helped that she had the ability to detect the movement of her enemies. According to legend,
00:09:51.580Lozen would stretch out her arms with her palms facing the sky. Then she would follow the sun,1.00
00:09:58.680praying to Usen, the Ende creator of life. When she felt a tingling in her hands,
00:10:04.900and when her palms darkened, Lozen would know the direction from which her enemies were coming.
00:10:12.200But before she came into her power, Lozen came of age. By seven, she had demonstrated her
00:10:18.520proficiency with horses, her ability to win foot races, and keep up with not only the boys,
00:10:24.080but with her tribal leaders. Alishire wrote,
00:10:27.980At first, Lozen was like many other girls. She gathered the firewood, waited to eat until her
00:10:34.020father and her uncles were finished, and spent long hours with the women preparing the food.
00:10:39.320She chewed sinew, tanned buckskin, gathered food, and she thought often that she would like to become
00:10:46.040an apprentice to a warrior. She learned the names of all the places around the Ojo Caliente and up
00:10:53.920on the Sacred Mountain. Each hill, outcropping, spring, stream, cluster of trees, and canyon had
00:11:00.700a name given to it by the first people. She traveled along with her mother, her father, her
00:11:05.620uncles, and Nana whenever she could, hoping they would tell her the stories of the naming of each
00:11:11.640place. Each story taught a lesson. Because everyone knew all the stories, they could make almost any
00:11:19.620point by bringing up the right places, all without ever offering a direct criticism to wound a
00:11:26.400person's pride. Nana said she must learn all of the place names she could and remember each story.
00:11:33.400Nana explained that Lozen must go to these places and sit there a long while and listen. These
00:11:39.620places would know she was listening. The places themselves could correct one's thinking, and they
00:11:47.060would help her to smooth out her mind, to let go of fear and emotion and ego and self-importance.
00:11:55.560Only places could impart the calm, focus, and attention that came with wisdom.
00:12:01.540Lozen yearned for wisdom so she might serve her people.
00:12:05.720So she eagerly sought the names of every place she encountered and traveled constantly about the Ojo Caliente and up and down the Sacred Mountain,
00:12:15.080repeating the names of each place and sitting quietly for hours at a time to let the wisdom of those places soak into her.
00:12:22.980Soon, it was time for Lozen's Sunrise Ceremony.
00:12:26.440A quick note, for over 70 years, the Sunrise Ceremony was banned by the U.S. government,
00:12:34.380as were most of Native spiritual practices and rituals.
00:12:38.600With the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978,
00:12:42.440the Sunrise Ceremony could openly be practiced on reservations again.
00:12:46.420But it is impossible to even imagine the devastation of your sacred, ancient, ancestral traditions being taken and criminalized.
00:13:00.000The four-day ceremony that Lozen passed through marked a girl's transition into womanhood, acknowledging the power of her blood.
00:13:08.820Each of the 96 hours is filled with specific prayers, songs, dances, the painting of faces,
00:13:15.960and the testing of resolve. These four days were followed by four more days of meditation.
00:13:22.740Alishire wrote, Lozen remained in prayer, like a dream, and when the full four days of meditation
00:13:29.980had passed, she got up, taking nothing but a water skin, and went up to the sacred mountain.
00:13:36.420She found a place that seemed right to her and sat alone, not eating, barely moving, hoping for a vision.
00:13:45.660Alishire describes how days passed, the sun rose and set.
00:13:51.780Lozen began to feel despair, no vision was coming, all she could hear was the crow, all she could see were the clouds.
00:13:58.800And then she realized that this despair as well is a form of pride.
00:14:03.160and so she returned to listening. She waited, patiently, for her power.
00:14:11.020Alishire wrote, power pervades all things. It is the animating force in everything,
00:14:17.620the life force. In this sense, everything is alive, even the rocks and the wind.
00:14:23.980And so, finally, power spoke to her. She saw visions. A horse came to her and spoke to her,
00:14:31.860saying she should have horse power. The horse carefully and tenderly taught her a song.
00:14:37.640The sun's horse is a yellow stallion. His nose, the place above his nose, is of haze.
00:14:45.960His ears, of the small lightning, are moving back and forth. He has come to us. The sun's horse is
00:14:54.640a yellow stallion, a blue stallion, a black stallion. The sun's horse has come to us.
00:15:02.820This song would give her power over horses and an understanding of them and the ability to heal
00:15:08.120anyone who was affected by horse sickness or injured by a horse. She also saw other things
00:15:13.980and heard other voices, things about which she did not speak again, and that she did not describe,
00:15:21.120nor question nor ever forget she told victorio and nana she had been given a ceremony to locate the
00:15:29.360enemy she had been told she must stand in a clear space and sing the song she had been given if an
00:15:36.400enemy was near she would feel his presence in the heat on her palms when she faced the direction
00:15:41.840from which the enemy would come the greater the heat of her hands the closer the enemy
00:23:59.380According to Cristoso Apache, writing for the Kaila Folk Encyclopedia of Gay Folklife,
00:24:06.060Tadatsi was also a warrior since her youth and, despite being married with children,
00:24:10.560spent a significant amount of time riding with Cochise's band against the current of Western
00:24:16.100expansion. Some years later, she joined Geronimo's band and rode alongside both him and Lozen.
00:24:23.080The American leaders dismissed them, but Lozen and Tadotze carried on with their attempts to
00:24:29.300negotiate. The rebels believed that they had a strong resolve until it was revealed that all
00:24:35.420the Chiricahuas had been rounded up and sent to Florida. If they wanted to rejoin their kin,0.99
00:24:41.620the Ende needed to head east toward captivity. The warriors agreed to surrender and laid down
00:24:47.880their arms. Five days later, they were on a train bound for Florida. Lozen was separated from
00:24:54.660Tadatze, taken into U.S. military custody as a prisoner of war and sent to Mount Vernon
00:25:00.360barracks in Alabama. She never returned to her home and died in confinement of tuberculosis
00:25:07.360on June 17th, 1889. At 49 years old, she had been fighting for almost literally her entire life.
00:25:18.020Sometimes I wonder about the high road, about negotiation and respectful discourse,
00:25:24.000agreements, concessions, compromises, and of course these things are very good.
00:25:29.540But only when there is mutual trust and respect between the two parties.0.91
00:25:34.800Lozen spent her final active years negotiating, in good faith, that the White Eyes could show reason, compassion, a willingness to bend.0.83
00:25:45.020But instead she was imprisoned and infected.0.60
00:25:47.740And we modern witches get a tiny echo of this feeling when we go out into the world seeking common ground and mutual benefit,
00:25:55.560only to find a regime that believes life is a zero-sum game
00:26:00.240where there is a winner and a loser and nothing in between.
00:26:05.960How do we reason with people who want to destroy us?