00:10:33.140what what's happening in the brain maybe specifically when you're doing a reading for
00:10:36.900yourself like why do we think what is happening what is going on with our intuition what do we
00:10:43.620think about precognition what really occurs when we look at those images yeah it's amazing like if
00:10:50.060you look at a card or any image it's just a bunch of squiggly lines but somehow our brain is able to
00:10:55.980make sense of what they are or trying to make a sense of what figure it represents either it's
00:11:02.180a person or a dog or a cat or a son so it first needs to kind of put the objects together so
00:11:09.060first the information travels from your eye to the back of your head it's almost like taking a
00:11:12.820picture of the image that you see in the back of your head but at that point you don't really
00:11:16.820recognize what it is and then it starts adding layers saying okay now i have the picture
00:11:23.060what does it mean so for that you're kind of delving into your memory to say okay have i seen
00:11:27.540this before if there's a nose and two eyes that probably represents a face so you start adding
00:11:32.380meaning to the pictures and all of that is kind of happening kind of like in the area right above
00:11:39.040my ears right where the headphones are that's your temporal lobe with the memories and that's
00:11:43.940kind of adding like okay I've learned in the past that this means it's a dog or this is a table or
00:11:49.060this is a chair so using that information from the past to kind of add those labels
00:11:53.200and then the part up here is kind of giving you information on well is this person moving is he
00:12:00.620walking is he standing you know what am I thinking about all of that is the board progressing so all
00:12:05.600those kinds of movement information and location-based information is kind of getting added
00:12:09.520up here and then we move into metaphors and associations so if you see a cat did you have a
00:12:19.820pet in your life you know that that's really meaningful to you so you start adding like more
00:12:24.320associations with it maybe you feel warm and cuddly towards something like that as opposed to
00:12:29.340me when i was very young i was chased by a pomeranian when i was four years old so i'm
00:12:33.460deadly scared of dogs even today and so dogs have a very different meaning for me so my associations
00:12:40.260with some of those symbols are going to be different so you're adding that in that next level
00:12:46.660and that is happening in a place of your brain called the cingulate cortex which is right above
00:12:53.040the connection between the left and right brain the cerebral commissure right above that is your
00:12:57.500cingulate cortex and that's where that metaphors and associations are kind of tangling up together
00:13:02.080and so that is the first step pretty much it almost instantaneously happens in all of us
00:13:09.720where we are immediately forming these associations and meanings for anything that we see
00:13:15.880the intuition bit is the next layer that's added on top where you are then asked to make a choice
00:13:24.060or okay what does this mean how do i interpret this so that intuition bit is kind of the next
00:13:31.540step where you are also using emotional centers so you're trying to use your current state of mind
00:13:39.440and also if this particular object is evoking certain specific emotions in you you're using
00:13:46.860that to then make that intuitive leap the problem with the intuition bit is that a lot of the
00:13:52.520information is unconscious and you have intuition because we've evolved to make those very quick
00:13:59.800split-second decisions so that you know that if you're faced with danger whether you have to run
00:14:05.540or stay or if you're eating something like is this poisonous or not you have to make those very
00:14:10.900quick decisions so that circuitry is there in you to make those very quick decisions and it may not
00:14:18.320always be the right decision but in that instance it gives you the sense of what is called cognitive
00:14:24.600ease you feel you know what i'm done i've made my decision i'm moving on and you might think back
00:14:32.140later wonder why you did it but at that moment in time with all this unfiltered information you're
00:14:37.640just like saying okay what i'm just going to make this choice right now and that's what the power
00:14:43.880of intuition is and what they found is the intuitive decision making is about 15 to 20
00:14:49.560seconds faster than logical step-by-step decision making which could be life or death in a lot of
00:14:55.760situations they've done most of this research on athletes and doctors so if you're a surgeon
00:15:01.800cutting into somebody and suddenly something goes wrong, you can intuitively process, okay,
00:15:07.880that's probably the artery that was cut and I'm going to plug that in. As opposed to a new surgeon
00:15:13.080who is following the rules of the book, it's almost like a tarot reader looking at the little
00:15:18.040white book and saying, oh, you know what, if I do this, then this is going to happen, then this is
00:15:23.140going to happen. So there's a delay in thinking about that logical step-by-step processing.
00:15:28.000You know, that was something I found really surprising in the book. Because, you know, the back of the book sort of promotes that it's about discovering the science behind the art of tarot reading, which it totally is. But once you're deeper into the book, you realize it's a handbook for an experienced tarot reader to become a better tarot reader. There's so many.
00:15:49.120what did you call them in the book like my brain worksheets I don't know yeah worksheets is that
00:15:57.460what they're called yeah like exercises exercises yeah there's so many exercises and doing them is
00:16:04.460so interesting like really to see well where does my body respond to a particular image or
00:16:12.100what did I think you know when I did I did the one where you you talked about using
00:16:17.560a divinatory practice that you're not familiar with and then going back to the cards and then
00:16:21.740compare like what did you think the answer was to those two questions can you open up the way that
00:16:26.140you're you're listening can you talk about some of where those exercises come from i think it comes
00:16:33.580from me being a neuroscientist is by training i'm a reductionist so instead of thinking about
00:16:40.020anything of consciousness a lot of people will be like okay where's the mind how do you explore
00:16:44.960outside a neuroscientist would be like okay how do we break this down into the smallest bits and
00:16:49.780pieces and then try and see if we can build it up again right in fact a lot of the exercises are
00:16:55.540kind of almost stopping at every step and like kind of finding other nuances and I think part
00:17:01.320of the thing was that when I was doing my own readings I was thinking okay why am I doing this
00:17:05.360right now like what is going on so I think some of those exercise breakdowns are coming from the
00:17:12.040fact of my own training as a reductionist but at the same time I found that a couple of the
00:17:18.100readings I've done scientific readings I've done have constantly hammered home the opinion that
00:17:24.420if I look at something and you look at something even though we're looking at the same exact
00:17:29.360image what we observe is going to be entirely different and and it's been proven it's there
00:17:36.860There's a sociocultural divide in what people observe and what they take out of images.
00:17:42.640So I was thinking if that works with, you know, just simple observation skills, it's
00:17:48.520probably also going to have something different with different divinatory practices as well.
00:17:54.260And I also think that if, especially for an expert tarot reader who's so used to doing,
00:18:01.160you get attached to certain interpretations that you might overlook certain new ways of looking at
00:18:07.120things and I feel like coming at it from a different angle when you're comparing and
00:18:12.360contrasting between two different things might actually and almost you know why not be a novice
00:18:16.900in a new practice right I mean it's something to think about because I just recently heard about
00:18:21.920the Lenormand and I'm like whoa what is that and then you know trying to get into that a little bit
00:18:25.660so it's always fun to think about it that way.
00:18:29.780Could you give an example of some of your favorite exercises or one for developing that
00:18:35.720yeah that like next that next kind of intuition or like for being able to like go past your first
00:18:42.840instinct with a card? Yeah one of the favorite ones I've been doing a lot is taking the card
00:18:49.600and the first day write down the first five things I notice about it even from memory and then
00:18:55.540picking the same card again the next day and then forcing your eye to notice something different
00:19:01.680about that card so it cannot be the same four symbols that you saw the day before it has to be
00:19:07.400something different and then thinking about okay with these would your interpretation of the same
00:19:13.480card be different or not and then kind of repeat that either with the same card for a few days or
00:19:18.740trying a new card and again seeing if the different symbols in it would actually alter the way you
00:19:24.280look at that particular particular card is something to think about and then I think that
00:19:31.300particular exercise really helps you especially if you always have a sinking feeling when you
00:19:36.080see the devil card or something like that it really pushes you past that to think about okay
00:19:40.640what other things can I notice about this that would change how I look at this particular thing
00:19:45.480can you also talk about the exercise that you have around kind of cleaning your palate and why that
00:19:52.500works yeah i mean this is something we the neurons get what are called habituated so when you walk
00:20:00.080into a room and you have this sense this overpowering smell after a few minutes you stop
00:20:05.180smelling it it's because your neurons are getting fatigued by by that and they kind of stop responding
00:20:10.920to that particular signal and so that's what happens in an aroma tasting event where you walk
00:20:17.780in and they have five different scents and in between those you kind of give you a little
00:20:21.520bit of coffee beans or something to kind of smell to kind of cleanse your palate almost and that way
00:20:26.960you're resetting you're resetting your neurons to to think about it so I was thinking if when you
00:20:33.100look at an image and it's evoking certain narratives in you then think about looking at a
00:20:39.120blank page or something completely neutral that would then reset your visual imagery and so the
00:20:46.700next time you look at the image it's almost like you're starting on a blank slate instead of being
00:20:51.180biased by something that came beforehand. And I mean, we're all human. And, you know,
00:20:57.680even if we say we are making interpretations completely unbiased, that's not true. We are
00:21:01.840putting our own thoughts and biases into it at every point. If you're agitated and do a reading
00:21:07.700that reflects on it. So I was hoping that this kind of cleansing actually would help us get into
00:21:13.200that yeah that's one that i was enjoying playing with like what what do i see in a card if i take
00:21:21.400like um i don't know a mental break you you have us look at a blank page and then come back to that
00:21:27.080reading i'm especially interested in yeah how do we acknowledge bias or find our ways around it i
00:21:34.660mean can't escape the moment that we're meeting in you know the political global moment that we're
00:21:42.080meeting in. You also talk in the book about how people turn to divination when they experience a
00:21:48.840loss of control. And we're going to see a whole lot more of that, right? Fascism and a politics
00:21:55.460of fear does remove our control, our access to control. And so people will turn more to their
00:22:00.840spiritual tools. How do we use those tools in ways that can confront our bias, can increase our
00:22:08.640empathy cannot drive us maybe more towards conspiracy thinking, but towards care, towards
00:22:15.540each other? That's a fascinating question. The scientific research has shown that the trends
00:22:22.380towards belief in science versus belief in esoteric practices clearly diverge when there's
00:22:28.000that feeling of uncertainty. When the financial crisis happened in 2008, there was a big increase
00:22:33.440in spiritual practices mainly because people are wanting to know you know am I going to be okay
00:22:39.600and I think that's kind of where maybe that divide you're talking about may be bridged because
00:22:46.080ultimately at the basics of it the questions that are being asked to a tarot reader or other
00:22:53.240divination expert is going to be am I going to be okay or you know is my family going to be okay
00:22:58.940you know and those kinds of questions are the most human human level basic ones and respect to
00:23:05.360a political you know whether your client or who is coming forward you wherever they are coming from
00:23:10.540that level of humanness the humanness is there and i think that's kind of what we need to approach it
00:23:17.820with but i also think that with some of the practices in the book especially where you are
00:23:26.420able to not only think just about spirituality but also about science you can also extend that
00:23:34.200belief in the scientific system which is also slowly being eroded like the lack of faith in
00:23:39.540the scientific process or the lack of faith in medical folks i think that the hope is you can
00:23:46.560kind of bridge that gap a little bit and i think it is going to be bridged with all these new
00:23:51.860technologies and tools that are going to come we are going to see more explorations of psychic
00:23:57.160practices and other kinds of practices because we're going to I think develop better tools to
00:24:02.040examine them in the near future it's going to be very exciting I think for us to see some of the
00:24:07.980questions that people have been using all I mean all the mental tools that people have been using
00:24:11.400to come forth like you know what wow what I said was actually true it actually works I found that
00:24:17.120part exciting in your book it was nice that you were optimistic it's nice to hear that you're
00:24:22.940optimistic now i like hearing the excitement that there are places that science can go that you see
00:24:29.700it on the horizon that will allow us to bridge this gap in some ways to let us kind of come
00:24:37.380closer to things that we've wondered about from an esoteric perspective might be taken seriously
00:24:43.080from a scientific perspective. I wonder if you could talk about in particular this idea that
00:24:48.320parts of making a guess about the future are happening in a really deep level of consciousness
00:24:54.260and so the idea that there might be a connection there with a larger sort of spiritual mind or to
00:25:00.900see it on an energetic level it might be worth exploring even scientifically. Yeah so our brains
00:25:07.200are predictive machines like we have to make predictions in order to just do everyday tasks
00:25:12.300So if I'm walking down the road, I need to know if something is going to approach me or not.
00:25:18.100I'm kind of constantly calibrating that.
00:25:20.620But more and more, there's evidence that even if not in the individual mind, the collective mind of across people are actually able to predict events that might happen six months down the line or a year down the line.
00:25:31.560and in fact if you really think about farmers or agricultural practitioners from before they were
00:25:38.020kind of like you know they were looking at certain cues and predicting they are forecasting what might
00:25:42.800be happening and so there's a new field of neuro forecasting that's kind of talking about
00:25:48.580if I poll everybody now in this group as to which song is going to be the most popular six months
00:25:54.720down the line even though consciously you might say it's going to be song x if I poll your
00:26:00.800unconscious brain it's actually going to point towards song why and all of you are going to get
00:26:05.320a consensus on that how do you pull our unconscious mind so they have these mri machines where they
00:26:13.140are scanning specific areas of your brain your insula which is where you have your internal body
00:26:18.860representation also points towards negative aversion so if all of us hate something but
00:26:25.620you don't want to say it out loud you know that insula is going to light up like a flash
00:26:29.680and similarly if all of you love something and you don't want to say it out loud the nucleus
00:26:34.160accumbens a different part of the brain is going to light up so it's kind of like the interplay
00:26:38.120between these two is kind of what's going to help you decide whether you're going to have a positive
00:26:43.720effect a positive thing towards a particular object or a negative reaction to a particular
00:26:48.820object right now it's all in the mri machine but i guess going forward there you can have like
00:26:54.040helmets or something going around where these things are being pulled i guess a good friend
00:26:59.040of mine victoria wesner at ucla has developed these octopus headsets where it's an eeg headset
00:27:05.180on your head and it changes colors and when two people's brain waves sink they form the same color
00:27:10.800basically so i think those kinds of technologies can be developed and become cheaper but but yeah
00:27:17.780so that it exists it's that collective mind pointing towards something is is there in us
00:27:24.920and i think the larger questions in science like what is consciousness what is god and those kinds
00:27:33.960of things cannot be answered by scientists alone it's just not possible because i i can dig however
00:27:40.100i want deep and you know and break things apart it's just not going to answer that question
00:27:44.160we just started a major in my university on neurospirituality where students have to take
00:27:49.780hardcore science courses but also take hardcore religion courses and then kind of blend it into
00:27:55.460two i think those kinds of areas are where we're going to get those larger questions answered
00:28:01.620you're at puget sound right yeah yeah just for people listening who are like sign me up
00:28:06.460folks want to find you and study with you will you talk about this concept of the
00:28:12.840umwelt oh i love this concept okay get into it for me so it's a german word it's an umwelt it's
00:28:22.320like it's an umlaut on top of that you and it's this thing of how you are entirely dependent on
00:28:30.480your sense organs to perceive the world around you so humans are very visual creatures but we're
00:28:37.940very limited visual creatures in the sense we can only see from blue to red and we can't see the
00:28:44.200ultraviolets or the infrareds you're sharing your space with all these other animals which have
00:28:50.760completely different sensory in fact a much more wide-ranging sensory processing associated with it
00:28:57.620like ants can see infrared rays and they are navigate using infrared rays so they know exactly
00:29:04.520where their home is because they're using different strategies to kind of find their
00:29:09.220anthill and bees can see ultraviolet so while we see a white flower they see these deep purples in
00:29:16.460the center of the flower and so you have your sensory world and then all these animals have
00:29:23.700their own sensory worlds around you so it's almost like multiple universes of sensation
00:29:31.560that exists around us which we have no concept of i mean i guess some of us who have pets like dogs
00:29:37.920we clearly know that a dog can not only smell in they can smell things like which we can't but
00:29:45.580they can also smell the past like things that have happened like three days ago and stuff so
00:29:49.680their level of sensation is just amazing so that's concept of the umwelt is this this world
00:29:55.480the surrounding worlds and how it's we have we have this intersection of multiple creatures
00:30:01.140which are making up our sensory spaces basically within humans do we have different umwells oh
00:30:08.760that's a great question i think we all i mean definitely if you if you think about synesthese
00:30:16.980they probably have a different different world around them because not only can they smell
00:30:22.600things but they can also see the smells as different colors if you're not as visually
00:30:28.540inclined then you probably have a better sense of space in terms of your your sounds so you can
00:30:37.200train yourself to become more aware of some of these things if you start listening to your body
00:30:44.060when you see something and is your heart beating faster or not so it's kind of training yourself
00:30:49.840to feel more of those mechanical changes that are happening in your body when you perceive things
00:30:55.360i think we all do it but most of us are not just aware of it at all so i have actually not thought
00:31:03.560about it the way you asked me and it's a really really fascinating question if we have individual
00:31:10.300umbels floating around us but my answer probably would be yes feels like yes but i don't i mean i
00:31:18.340live with a six-year-old and um you know i've told her that she has more taste buds than we do
00:31:25.060or that she probably has better eyes than we do.
00:31:36.540I do feel like I'm living with a very vibrant, different world.
00:31:40.100I love this concept because I'm really interested in human-animal connection,
00:31:47.440human-animal communication, not just, you know, as a vegan,
00:31:51.320But I just think we live in a world where we sort of pushed animal experience as far away from our consciousness as we can so that we don't have to really acknowledge how much suffering we're causing there.
00:32:05.120If it's possible to enter into their lived world experience more or to make connection across those divides, then maybe that's a path to kind of undoing some of the damage that we're doing there.
00:32:21.480I did a project called the sniffing boot where we kind of had these thermal ink cards which were placed along different parts of a room and you had to breathe on it the thermal ink would kind of make objects appear and the idea being that it would kind of like the dog would have probably smelled it even before but then for you had to kind of literally like physically go and do something to figure out what was in that particular location.
00:32:46.100But we also have this, my collaborator, Victoria Vesna at UCLA, whom I mentioned before, she and I started this project called the Hox Zodiac, H-O-X Zodiac.
00:32:56.620And the idea being that the genes that control your body plan, whether you have one head, two hands, or like an elephant have a long trunk or a python having a long body, the genes that control that are called the Hox genes, H-O-X Hox genes.
00:33:12.080and the same eight genes control the body plan of every single animal that we see around us
00:33:21.320so we see this morphological variation around us but if you look at it underneath all we're all
00:33:30.620the same eight genes it's like how they are activated whether you know you're activating
00:33:36.740more of the body or more of the nose you know that is different but it's just the same gene
00:33:41.900that are controlling all of us and so we kind of been using this we ask people to come to this
00:33:47.240dinner table as a as their chinese zodiac animals and partake in food and then we start talking about
00:33:55.080how the animals are our pets our mythological creatures our lab experiments our food and then
00:34:06.220we start talking about the similarities and also the variations and the cultural differences and
00:34:11.540how we approach different animals. So it's like a fascinating project that's been going on for
00:34:15.900some time. Sounds like you guys throw a fun party. People come and then we talk a lot about
00:34:21.420molecular genetics, but also about, you know, just animals. Oh, that's so cool. I'm really excited
00:34:29.540by this approach in your work. Okay, I want to read a piece. So give me a second. I'm just going
00:34:34.440to pull it up and then I want to ask you questions about it. So this is from The Neuroscience of
00:34:39.520tarot by dr ramakrishnan was forward by mary k greer i met her at a conference and she was so
00:34:45.540assuming i had no idea who she was we were just like doing readings for each other and then
00:34:50.480everybody's like that's me yeah yeah yeah and she wrote a beautiful forward okay so this sort of
00:35:02.280talks about what we were just touching on and i just want to sort of dig into it a little bit more
00:35:07.980this is in a piece called worlds within worlds in your book we live in a world but actually we live
00:35:14.920in multiple perceptual worlds defined by other creatures and individuals we share spaces with
00:35:20.540this concept is called the umwelt or surrounding worlds my experience of my surroundings is entirely
00:35:26.660dependent on my sensory organs how i perceive the world how i see smell taste in here is very
00:35:32.480different from an ant when i look outside and see some flowers i'm just skipping because you just
00:35:37.180described that ultraviolet and polarized light. You might notice grass, blue skies, reds and
00:35:43.160pinks. For a bee, the same scene is shifted and they can see contrasting planes of lights and
00:35:47.720shadows, intense differences within the worlds of the flowers, and distances measured in dance
00:35:52.740movements. For a dog, this scenario can be layered with traces of smell, bringing in a rich history
00:35:58.280of animals that have visited the location over the last three days. But such differences in
00:36:03.380perception do not just extend across species. What scientists are now discovering is that
00:36:08.040cultural upbringing and early childhood experiences change what humans notice and observe.
00:36:13.420All that you have smelled, tasted, and interpreted before is poured into one cauldron to give you a
00:36:18.080recipe for noticing things and finding meanings and associations. Thus, it is your world and it
00:36:25.320has a meaning of its own for you. This is what we've been talking about and I just think it's
00:36:30.380such a beautiful aspect of the way you're describing tarot reading, that it is this
00:36:36.960meeting of two worlds. Can you talk more about what's happening when we're sitting down with
00:36:44.960someone who's asking us for a reading and how we're sort of trying to enter into that person's
00:36:50.320world, how they're sort of deconstructing what we're saying while we're saying it and building
00:36:55.180up their own story yeah this part was fascinating for me it's a concept of social cognition the fact
00:37:02.220that we are able to interact with other people and so we are wired for it when you first meet
00:37:07.720someone or when a client is sitting in front of you or someone is asking for a reading you are
00:37:12.240observing them and you are first of all perceiving what they're about and then you almost internally
00:37:19.320mirror them so you even if you're not physically assuming a defensive posture or an open post
00:37:25.900stance you are internally mirroring what they look like so and then it's almost like you're creating
00:37:32.700a golem of them inside your head it's called mentalizing where now that you have an image of
00:37:38.360this person you're then instilling aspirations and desires and what are their motivations so
00:37:45.800you're kind of immediately forming a mental picture of what this person is going to be doing
00:37:51.620and this is not just in a tarot reading you're doing this all the time based on that you're
00:37:56.940then saying okay this person is going to be doing this or that and that is kind of how we are we're
00:38:02.260almost judging the other person in terms of what are they going to be doing next or what are their
00:38:07.260hopes and desires so in a reading that's kind of what's happening where this person comes to you
00:38:12.820and you're creating this mental image of their hopes and desires and then the story that's laid
00:38:19.100in front of you with the cards is allowing you to guide answering those questions. I just did a talk
00:38:24.380at the StarCon in Florida and I first asked people to just look at the other person and offer their
00:38:34.000first impressions of the other person and I got complete silence and then I asked them to use the
00:38:41.460cards and then offer the their impressions of these person's motivations and desires and then
00:38:47.220people start like chatting and then what they told me was without the cards it was almost like
00:38:52.980feeling like they were offering judgment on the person but the cards almost give you permission
00:38:58.140to state more and almost say you know it's not me i'm not saying this the cards are saying this
00:39:06.480So the cards are giving you the permission to talk about what was going on in your head.
00:39:11.780I hadn't heard that before and it was really fascinating for me to hear that the permission
00:39:16.320of the cards, but then it's a two-way street.
00:39:20.000So when I'm listening to, if you are giving me a reading and I'm listening to you, I have