00:00:30.000hello and welcome to vulgar history a feminist women's history comedy podcast my name is ann
00:00:47.740foster and today we're going to be revisiting one of our classic episodes in fact this is the first
00:00:53.380ever episode of vulgar history it's where it all began and from what i can see when i look at the
00:00:58.340statistics this is still the most listened to episode and I think it's because people find the
00:01:02.660podcast maybe they listen to one of the newer ones or maybe they want to start at the beginning but
00:01:07.640anyway everybody all of you it seems like are completionists and I respect that and so you want
00:01:13.160to go back and listen to Callan or Brunswick and I especially appreciate that you listen to that
00:01:16.540episode and move on to listen to more episodes of the podcast because that was very much I think
00:01:21.280you get the vibe of what the show is and what it became I think it's pretty strong there from the
00:01:24.900beginning, but also that's like, I was still figuring out how to use a microphone and how
00:01:29.900any, anything works. So anyway, but the main thing that I wanted to do is to revisit this story and
00:01:35.440to bring new context with new facts that I've since learned about Carolina Brunswick. I think
00:01:39.880you all know if I was going to redo the episode entirely based on how thorough I have become,
00:01:47.100based on my inability to cast aside any anecdotes, this will probably be like a five-part series.
00:01:51.820So like the episode itself is still as it is. I'm going to air that coming up next. And then after that, stay tuned because I'm going to be revisiting the story just with my future reflections about it with Lana Wood Johnson, who is we're going to hear in this kind of like afterwards, her influence on this episode and this podcast and why I chose this to be the first episode of Vulgar History.
00:02:16.700But most importantly, she was the first ever episode.
00:02:20.440And so I didn't know how to compare her against anybody else.
00:02:23.660When you're looking at the Scandaliciousness scale, I was just choosing numbers.
00:02:27.240I wanted to have somewhere to grow, but I didn't realize I was starting with such a
00:15:03.060But basically her parents forbid her from marrying this guy, whoever he was, because of his quote unquote low status.
00:15:10.520Now, rumors, a lot of what we know about Caroline is like documented fact.
00:15:15.900But a lot of what has been documented are rumors written by people who, because of what she did later, were sort of slandering her and sort of making fun of her and sort of trying to make paint her to be this crazy monster person.
00:15:30.400Basically, a rumor exists in some writing from around that time, not when she was a teenager, but from later, that she secretly gave birth to a baby.
00:15:38.540And the father was this Irish soldier.
00:15:41.220But my guess, I mean, she might have given birth to a baby.
00:15:45.900like, entirely plausible. But also, I feel like the whole pretending to give birth is so weird
00:15:52.080and so unusual that somebody might have just sort of confused that whole story. Basically,
00:15:58.620for whatever reason, she did not get engaged until she was 26 years old in the year 1794.
00:16:05.760And I just want to like, give a little hot take, which is, it's sort of a common perception that people in olden times got married when they were like 12 or whatever. And a lot of times, like an engagement might happen or betrothal when someone was really young. But the average age for women getting married in this time period was around 26.
00:16:29.900Like, so she wasn't like an old maid type person that she didn't get married till then.0.96
00:16:58.900And also I just need to like side note, Prince George at this time was like maybe the least popular member of the British royal family and the British royal family itself was like really unpopular.
00:17:15.460So he was kind of like technically a catch, quote unquote, but like, oh, let's get into it.
00:17:23.000So 1794. This is shortly after the American Revolution. So it was Prince George's father,
00:17:30.680King George III, who had been, he's the king from Hamilton, et cetera, who was the king when
00:17:36.120the Americans did the whole Hamilton thing. You know, I'm not American, but you know the whole
00:17:43.300thing, Betsy Ross flag, et cetera. So basically the British people were mad at the British Royal
00:17:48.320family because they had lost this colony that was like providing them with lots of goods and
00:17:52.640materials. And that was one reason why the British people are mad at the British royal family.
00:17:58.240But also the country was like massively in debt, but the royal family was just kind of like
00:18:03.300spending like money was no issue at all. It's the sort of thing where like,
00:18:08.000when the economy is doing really badly, if the people in charge are just like lavishly spending
00:18:13.380money on luxuries that's going to make the like everyday person a little bit mad at your royal
00:18:20.880family and of the whole royal family the person who was the most sort of shopaholic like just
00:18:29.060not paying attention to the mood of things was prince george who was like even considering this
00:18:36.340is like the 18th century britain royal family the whole family spending too much money like
00:18:43.360even he was spending so much money that even the rest of the royal family was like whoa he's spending
00:18:48.240too much money so basically parliament cut off his allowance and they said and this is like exactly
00:18:55.120like the beginning of sort of like cinderella slash maybe a regency era romance novel and we
00:19:00.640are gonna get into the regency era in like 10-15 years from now basically they said you won't get
00:19:07.220your money back until you marry someone, ideally a princess. So Prince George was like, okay,
00:19:14.320well then I need to set up some sort of marriage of convenience so I can get my money, so I can
00:19:19.560get back to buying like, I don't even know, you know, expensive shoes or whatever he was doing.
00:19:25.780So he had a mistress at this time. He had lots of mistresses. He was like not a monogamous sort
00:19:31.780guy. So his main mistress was named Frances Villiers, the Countess of Jersey. And she was
00:19:38.700pretty amazing herself. And so he was like, Frances, I need to choose a wife. And she's like,
00:19:44.880like winding her fingers together, like, you know, like lightning strikes, like mood lighting,
00:19:51.020like she's just like, Oh, I'll help you find a mistress. So basically, Frances Villiers is
00:19:56.840the mistress she knows that she can never be the wife for various reasons so she wanted to help him
00:20:03.200find a wife who would not take away too much of her power she wanted to be like how caroline's
00:20:08.220father had the mistress who like he took us his date to parties and stuff francis wanted to be1.00
00:20:12.120like the main number one mistress so she sort of felt like well we need to find a wife for my lover1.00
00:20:19.140who is like sort of a pushover and sort of like sort of maybe sort of like not well educated and1.00
00:20:26.620is somebody who like will just sit around and have babies while I, Frances Villiers, can just
00:20:31.600live this amazing life. So she sort of like snooped around and she had lots of friends and
00:20:36.980they're all good at gossip. And they told her word on the street was that Carolina Brunswick
00:20:42.100was uneducated and sort of like socially awkward and seemed like she'd be sort of like a good,1.00
00:20:48.260easy to control puppet type person. So she was like, George, I think you should marry your first
00:20:54.760cousin, Caroline of Brunswick. And he was like, great, because I want to get more money to buy
00:21:00.440curtains or whatever. And then also Parliament was like, this is great, because they wanted
00:21:06.200to make an alliance with Brunswick, which was where Caroline was from. And so everything's great.
00:21:12.840The king sent a man over to Brunswick to pick up Caroline, and just make sure everything's okay,
00:21:19.020and like escort her back for the wedding. And the man who he sent over was called
00:21:22.960Lord Malmesbury. And this is where it gets even more sort of like the setup for a really amazing
00:21:31.420Regency romance novel. So Lord Malmesbury arrives in Brunswick and he finds Caroline. She's just
00:21:40.180like really cute, 26 year old, little ringlet hair, full of life, just like really interesting,0.94
00:21:46.640kind of weird um and also super sheltered and not super well educated and as it turns out she was in
00:21:55.020no condition to marry the heir to the throne of great britain it's sort of like the beginning of
00:22:01.040princess diaries where it's just like oh my god she doesn't know which fork is which fork her hair
00:22:05.540is kind of frizzy she like makes these sort of like weird inappropriate jokes like slash the0.99
00:22:11.180beginning of My Fair Lady, basically. So Lord Malmesbury was like, okay, I'm not going to
00:22:17.340bring her back to England right now. I'm just going to stay here in Brunswick and like teach
00:22:22.160her table manners and like how to have good dinner conversation. So he was giving her princess
00:22:30.700lessons. But the thing is, Caroline was like, I don't really feel like learning this stuff. Like
00:22:36.240I'm engaged to Prince George. So let's just get on with it. And eventually, like her just weird,
00:22:42.380interesting charm was so much that Malmesbury was like, you know what, like, I'm into this.
00:22:47.140Like, I think, I think she's pretty great. And also she's clearly doesn't care about learning0.87
00:22:53.500manners. And so I guess we're just going to head back to England. The two of them didn't fall in
00:22:58.000love. But like, let's get some fan fiction going. Because I think that would be an interesting
00:23:02.260story. Basically, Momsbury was like, well, this is the best we're going to get. So let's go back
00:23:09.760to England. So he accompanied her back to England, where she met Frances Villiers, who became one of
00:23:18.580her ladies-in-waiting, because of course she did. And then she went to meet Prince George.
00:23:23.940she said about him that he was nothing like as handsome as his portrait which is like a total
00:23:32.460reverse Anne of Cleves scenario and I love it so she met him and she's like this guy and he saw her
00:23:40.380and he was like this person I think she made some like off-color jokes or whatever because
00:23:45.480she's Caroline just got a Caroline and so basically it was like loathing at first sight
00:23:52.580Like they're both like, it's not just like, Ooh, I don't know if I want to marry this person.
00:23:56.340They were both like, Oh my God, like I literally hate this person, but they were royals and the
00:24:02.660engagement had been announced. And so they couldn't call it off. So Prince George basically
00:24:06.840just got drunk for three days. Um, and they were married three days after they met the marriage
00:24:12.780was on April 8th, 1795. Um, George was literally drunk throughout the ceremony. And this is where
00:24:19.500we get to one of our big plot twist moments, which is that he had been married before. So
00:24:27.400Prince George, before he met Francis, the like scheming lady-in-waiting slash mistress,
00:24:35.800he had secretly and illegally married a woman named Maria Fitzherbert. And there was an episode
00:24:40.900of the podcast Noble Blood about this a bit ago. But basically, George had fallen in love with a
00:24:48.240woman named Moraphis Herbert, who was a Catholic. They basically lived as like, quote unquote,
00:24:52.940man and wife for eight years. They had some children together, but he hadn't gotten his
00:24:59.300father's permission to marry her. And she's Catholic. So it was not like officially recognized
00:25:03.600as a marriage, but they were like, they had had a marriage ceremony. So he was sort of married,
00:25:10.660but not really anyway so he was drunk for the wedding he hated her she hated him as well she
00:25:18.400should he sounded awful basically uh he was super drunk he like tripped and fell on the ground and
00:25:26.560she just like left him there and that was their wedding night yet but somehow well I mean I guess
00:25:32.800we know how nine months later Caroline gave birth to a baby like nine months after the wedding so
00:25:38.260like these two people sounds like had sex once spoiler ever so she had a daughter who was named
00:25:47.780charlotte which was the name of her aunt slash mother-in-law um the wife of the king anyway so
00:25:55.900princess charlotte was born and by then they'd been married for nine months um prince george
00:26:01.040had come to just like profoundly hate caroline even more than when he'd first met her
00:26:08.260After the baby was born, he changed his will and he said he wanted to leave everything to his wife,
00:26:13.800Maria Fitzherbert, the Catholic who he sort of was married to already, and left Caroline one0.96
00:26:19.900shilling, which was just like making some sort of stupid point to his like postnatal wife.0.99
00:26:27.620Anyway, she had a baby, hated her. But remember how everybody in England hated the royal family1.00
00:26:34.580and especially prince george and so the tabloids were just sort of coming into being at this point
00:26:42.160and so people from around the castle started like spilling secrets to them saying like
00:26:47.100guess what so you know how how caroline just had this baby like it turns out that prince george is
00:26:53.600like being really mean to her the whole royal family kind of hates her and the tabloids started
00:26:58.280publishing this and so then the public started being like oh my god the royal family is being
00:27:02.400really mean to Caroline and they all basically took her side partially because she was amazing
00:27:08.340but also more likely partially because they just hated the royal family they saw her being
00:27:14.140mistreated by them and then she became like a figurehead for their all sort of like nascent1.00
00:27:18.480rebellion feelings so like this got to a point where Caroline would take baby Charlotte out like
00:27:25.700walking in like their little baby stroller and people would like cheer for her so she did this
00:27:31.400more and more often because probably made her feel good probably made the royal family feel
00:27:34.980annoyed like basically she was in this family that hated her being isolated from literally
00:27:41.580everybody but the public was was there they were on her side and so just like today if you read
00:27:50.220Lainey gossip the courtiers the people who were hanging around the palace just like kept spilling
00:27:56.000more and more secrets to the tabloids to try and make whoever they supported the courtiers supported
00:28:01.240look better or worse so basically francis villiers her name started coming up in the story so it was
00:28:08.520like a real life soap opera situation where people just like the everyday people read the newspapers
00:28:13.420or people who couldn't read people would tell them about it they're just like oh my god what
00:28:17.240did caroline do and then francis did this prince george did this and basically the more the royal
00:28:22.720family treated caroline badly the more the people of britain loved her and then that made the royal
00:28:30.120family hate caroline even more but basically these were two married people who like hated each other
00:28:38.300and so they legally separated which is like for late 18th century like not a common thing to0.74
00:28:46.940happen for the heir to the throne at all but this is great caroline got to be free she headed off
00:28:54.800to live in her own residence like out of town she wasn't in london she got to live in the country
00:28:59.080and she grew up trapped in this room not allowed to dance and then she got into this like toxic
00:29:04.960awful family marriage relationship and now she got to just like live her own beautiful life
00:29:10.380and so again this is where it's like what did she do what are rumors who's to say it sounds like0.92
00:29:17.380Caroline just like leaned into the her freedom and started having the most amazing time she flirted
00:29:23.140with like literally every man she met perhaps had flings with the various men who she had over as
00:29:28.640house gets she was just like throwing parties having an amazing time but she missed her daughter0.99
00:29:36.100Charlotte who she had to leave so Charlotte was off being raised by like governesses and nannies
00:29:42.020back with the royal family and they had a shared custody arrangement but she didn't get to see her
00:29:49.960daughter as much as she wanted to which is where Caroline this takes another turn you might not0.70
00:29:55.960expect, which is that she starts sort of collecting other people's babies. So just stick with me for
00:30:02.460this. So basically, so Caroline made a friend, sort of a frenemy in her little country home,
00:30:09.780whose name was Lady Douglas. And so she told Lady Douglas in 1802, she said that she was like,
00:30:16.600can I tell you a secret Lady Douglas? And Lady Douglas is like, yeah, girl, yeah. And Caroline
00:30:20.820was like, I am secretly pregnant. Don't tell anybody. But she didn't look especially pregnant
00:30:27.180as per Lady Douglas. And then shortly after that, this baby boy named William Austin came on the
00:30:33.480scene, who was three months old. It was sort of like unclear. Had it been Caroline's baby she had
00:30:40.940three months ago? Or did you just like adopt someone else's baby? But like, who is this baby?
00:30:46.440and where did he come from? She adopted other children as well. Eventually she had collected
00:30:51.840nine orphaned children, but Willie Mostyn was always her favorite. Fears later, Caroline and
00:30:58.260Lady Douglas had, they just, you know, their friendship sort of crumpled into a horrible
00:31:04.240bonfire. So Lady Douglas, and this is all again, like in the tabloids, like people were
00:31:12.420telling these secrets because like the people of britain just like love hearing about caroline
00:31:17.180so lady douglas said that caroline had been like sending her mean letters and then she also alleged
00:31:22.540that caroline had committed infidelity on her husband and that william austin was caroline's
00:31:27.900son um the father was someone who's not her husband so caroline wrote a letter to the editor
00:31:33.500of the local newspaper and you know she wrote it because the grammar is like not perfect the
00:31:39.340writing style is kind of odd like she's got her own way of writing that's like again she was not
00:31:46.080like her education was not like top tier and also English is not her first language so it's like
00:31:50.840yeah she wrote this this is like her style so basically the royal family was like oh my god
00:31:56.640how is she back in the tabloids do we not get rid of her and so what they decided to do which was
00:32:01.800kind of the worst possible idea if they wanted to like make this scandal go away is they launched
00:32:06.280an official investigation into whether or not Caroline was the mother of baby William Austin.
00:32:12.820So this whole situation became known as the Delicate Investigation. And it was supposed
00:32:19.940to be secret, but obviously everybody was telling everything to the tabloids and they kept doing
00:32:24.440that. So the commission who were investigating the Delicate Investigation, the Delicate investigators
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00:37:11.400but then in 1811 everything changes substantially because the king king george the third the one
00:37:19.360from hamilton um he was declared basically permanently insane so he had had mental health
00:37:26.440issues for quite a while on and off and just getting worse and worse and that's a whole other
00:37:31.900discussion like what what was going on there was a movie made about him called the madness of king
00:37:36.320george that was this guy it's a good movie helen mirren is in it playing his wife
00:37:41.400But basically he was like so ill, he couldn't be the king anymore, but he was the king.
00:37:47.680But so what do you do when the king can't like do his king job is you bring out a regent
00:37:52.180who's a person who like do the day to day king type work.
00:37:56.800And so Prince George became the official regent and thus began the Regency era.
00:38:03.900So this is just, you know, like empire waste,
00:38:06.060drestis like pride and prejudice like the regency era so this is what's happening um but the thing
00:38:14.400with this the regent prince george is like oh my god i have so much more power now and i have just
00:38:21.240been like obsessively hating my wife now for years so he just started passing more rules to
00:38:27.200punish caroline for just trying to live her life so he stopped letting her visit with her daughter
00:38:32.760and he started saying like anyone who's friends with her goes to her parties is like not friends
00:38:37.380with me anymore so all the friends started dumping Caroline to stay friends with Prince George it was
00:38:44.120all just like petty high school stuff so Caroline was like okay sucks but I'm sure there's a way
00:38:53.400that I can fight back for all this and she's clever and so she tried to find like the tabloid0.98
00:38:58.260press was still super supporting her like she had the entire british population of like working
00:39:03.240people on her side as well as all the newspapers and tabloids but she needed she needed something
00:39:08.180else to fight back against this because her husband was kind of the king at this point so
00:39:13.560she found a guy named henry brougham who was a politician that hated the royal family so they
00:39:19.420began a campaign of anti-royal family propaganda so just like sending sending stories to the
00:39:24.560tabloids which they had been doing but just like with with this guy helping out it just he's kind
00:39:29.100of like her pr expert he was just better at planting better stories so prince george was
00:39:35.960mad about that and he leaked stuff to the tabloids to make caroline look bad and so anyway it was just
00:39:42.300like all very much on the headlines everywhere everybody knew about it jane austen was around
00:39:48.280because it's the regency era and that was her time to shine and she was entirely on team caroline
00:39:54.120in the whole scenario. She wrote, I think this was in her journals or something, or in a letter,
00:39:59.260she wrote about Caroline, quote, poor woman, I shall support her as long as I can, because she
00:40:05.120is a woman, and because I hate her husband. Like, if you're not sure whose side to be on in this
00:40:10.780story, like Jane Austen thinks Prince George is the worst, supports Caroline. So, you know,
00:40:18.140there's some information for you. The other notable literati of the time also had opinions on this,
00:40:23.720For instance, Lord Byron was against Caroline, which again, if you're like, which side should I be on? It's like, well, Jane Austen's on Caroline's side. Lord Byron is on the prince's side. So just like, you know, choose your fighter.
00:40:37.100so basically everything was just intense and crazy and like not great for her mental health
00:40:45.100and finally caroline sorted out away with her ally um the politician who was helping her out
00:40:50.740she negotiated a deal with the foreign secretary where she got to move to italy um and they would
00:40:56.580give her generous allowance if she just basically stayed away forever and she was like yeah yeah
00:41:02.320let's do this. So she purchased a villa on Lake Como, famously now the place where Amal and George
00:41:09.340Clooney live. So just like glamorous. She hired new servants to go help her out there, including
00:41:15.220a man named Bartolomeo Pargami. So she and Bartolomeo became very close and everyone
00:41:24.100basically assumed they were lovers, even though they were both technically married to other people.
00:41:28.700and there's a certain philosophy in history that i i just find simplifies things where it's like
00:41:37.080if you find people in history and it's like it seems like they might have been sleeping together
00:41:41.860like they probably were so let's just like go ahead with that assumption this is all alleged
00:41:47.020but like i hope carolyn was sleeping with him because she deserves everything good so she and
00:41:55.360her servants including Bartolomeo they basically lived in Lake Como and they went on these amazing
00:41:59.920fabulous vacation adventures like they went on Mediterranean cruise they visited Malta and
00:42:05.960Constantinople and Nazareth so remember she grew up like trapped in a room like literally trapped
00:42:11.520in a room she had to play cards with old women instead of dancing like she was just like living
00:42:16.960her best life there is a description of when she and Bartolomeo visited Jerusalem she entered the
00:42:23.820city riding on a donkey among a convoy of camels which is just like do it Caroline like yes just
00:42:30.320like you like you escaped your horrible husband the British royal family which were being the
00:42:36.140worst to you and now you're just like living your life I love it but then as per ever she's being
00:42:43.140so amazing that um people had to write about it and then stories of her adventures got back to
00:42:47.840England the people were like oh my god she's amazing like hashtag goals and the British royal
00:42:53.500family was just like, ugh, her again. Why won't you go away? And Prince George was just at this
00:42:58.460point, like fully obsessed with how much he hated her and wanted to destroy her. So while she was
00:43:03.900traveling around Europe, et cetera, her daughter, Princess Charlotte had grown up in this period of
00:43:09.080time. And she got married to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Salfeld in 1816. And then she died
00:43:17.860a year later in childbirth complications so charlotte remember she had grown up like she
00:43:24.360was in the stroller being pushed around and everybody cheered like she was like the people's
00:43:29.080princess the like original people's princess and so when she died it became like based like a
00:43:34.700national tragedy percy shelley the husband of mary shelley published a pamphlet called an address to
00:43:40.920the people on the death of the princess charlotte basically a tribute to her like everyone was so
00:43:45.140upset this 18 year old princess had died and now like also there was no heir to the throne which
00:43:50.860complicated everything and also everybody hated the british royal family like the only people
00:43:56.340that people liked were caroline and charlotte and caroline was in italy charlotte was now dead
00:44:03.540so basically prince george is like okay he needs an heir like he he's not the king but he's basically
00:44:10.320acting as a king he's the regent and he needs to have a legitimate child to become king after him
00:44:16.840so he's like oh but i'm married to caroline like i'm never gonna have sex with her ever again i0.90
00:44:21.360hate her like so viciously so he's like what i need to do is divorce her so i can marry someone
00:44:27.280else so i can have a new baby who can be my heir so he tried to um get parliament to agree to let
00:44:34.440him get a divorce and they're like you're not henry the eighth hashtag also henry the eighth
00:44:39.380didn't actually get divorced they're all just annulments and also this the government was
00:44:44.920unpopular everybody loves caroline they're like no we're not going to let you divorce caroline
00:44:48.360so caroline was just like all right you know what i'm just going to come back to england0.73
00:44:52.640sort this shit out she bid farewell to bartolomeo her maybe lover and hopped on a boat back to
00:45:00.260england when she arrived literal riots broke out everyone was so excited to see her she was like0.98
00:45:05.340the main character and their telenovela there for real everybody freaked out about it also the
00:45:13.360british people were just like hating the british royal family more and more and more and more which
00:45:17.140made them love her more and more and more and more so they're all just like really excited
00:45:20.800to have her back there um a bunch of members of the royal guard like the soldiers like they
00:45:26.180mutinied like they they gave up being soldiers because they loved her so much like anyway prince0.98
00:45:34.580george was just like how can i get rid of this goddamn woman and he was like well there's rumors0.99
00:45:40.420that she's been having an affair with a servant called bartolomeo so if she had adultery then0.99
00:45:46.140they could get a divorce and so he's like okay i'm gonna hold a public trial because god like
00:45:53.980of course what else can happen at this point so witnesses from all across europe and like the
00:45:58.280mediterranean from caroline and bartolomeo's cruise came by and they and like they were all
00:46:04.340probably being paid by somebody or the other to say whatever but some of them said they'd seen
00:46:07.840the two caroline and bartolomeo kissing they'd seen them together like semi-naked but with every
00:46:15.160like new scandal it just made the british people love caroline even more more than 800 petitions
00:46:21.940were circulated with more than one million signatures from people who wanted the case
00:46:25.800against her to be dismissed but prince george would not stop trying to divorce her so he was
00:46:35.020like we need to find more witnesses better witnesses so he like sent people to milan to
00:46:39.500try and basically pay off people to say like 100 we saw her sleeping with patarla mayo
00:46:44.580so the number of witnesses he was able to buy slash maybe they were real witnesses like the
00:46:50.720whole thing just doesn't seem very legitimate to me. Anyway, things were not looking good for
00:46:55.360Caroline. So she was like, considering maybe taking a deal like a payoff to like maybe get a
00:47:03.080divorce. But she could only get a divorce if she if one of the other them admitted adultery. And1.00
00:47:08.760she's like, well, I'm not going to do that. But then everything changed. Ultimate plot twist,
00:47:13.420January 19th, 1820, the king died. And so Prince George now became King George the fourth,
00:47:21.420which meant because they were still married, Caroline was now the queen, sort of like she
00:47:28.380wouldn't be officially the queen until she had a crown put on her head at the coronation. And so
00:47:33.920he was basically at this point, it's just like, just looking for like loopholes. He's just like,
00:47:39.360well, if I, if she doesn't come to coronation, then she'll never get a crown on her head. Then
00:47:42.640she'll never be the queen like he's just like give up like god i hate this guy so his coronation was
00:47:48.700planned and he was like what if we just don't invite caroline um but she found out about it
00:47:55.860obviously the date is publicly known so it was being held at westminster abbey so she just like
00:48:03.660showed up crashed the coronation to presumably just like march down the aisle grab a crown put
00:48:09.980on her head so she tried to get in but the like staff there stopped her they're like no you're
00:48:15.440not on the guest list so then she was like guess what there's more doors so she ran around the
00:48:20.180building and tried another set of doors which these doors didn't open so then she ran around
00:48:25.020again and tried to enter through the main door just like sliding in among the crowd like how do
00:48:30.180you do fellow crowd but she would not be deterred they kicked her out again um she ran around again
00:48:36.980and she found yet another door in the back she snuck in but then one of the kings the new king
00:48:43.320her husband's staff somehow persuaded her to go back outside which she did and all this like
00:48:49.820running around westminster abbey just was like pretty undignified it was like a step too far
00:48:56.120for the adoring public and they're all just like you know what we don't love her anymore
00:49:01.340so they jeered and booed her as she left in her carriage and then she felt ill that night sort of
00:49:08.400like and again i'm not american but this happened to one of your presidents i saw it on drunk history
00:49:13.440he gave his speech and it was raining and then he got sick and died so basically she got sick
00:49:18.820she got sick from being locked out of westminster abbey and it was the early 1800s so medicine was
00:49:24.560not amazing her condition got worse and worse and worse over the next three weeks and it started to
00:49:30.040look like she was like, she was not going to get better. Carolyn was like, got it. Like I accept
00:49:35.140this. And so she burned all of her papers, letters, and memoirs, which is just like,
00:49:40.580if only, if only those hadn't been burned, this would have been like some great writing. I bet
00:49:46.720she wrote a new will and organized her own funeral arrangements. And this is just like,
00:49:54.140of course she did this. So she requested to be buried back in Brunswick, not in England,
00:49:58.420which had not been a great place for her. And she wanted to have the following inscription put on
00:50:03.400her tomb. Quote, here lies Caroline, the injured queen of England. So Caroline of Brunswick died0.99
00:50:10.260on August 7th, 1821, aged 53. It seems like she died of some sort of cancer type situation,
00:50:19.580but rumors were flying around that she was maybe poisoned, which is like, I feel like
00:50:24.100not impossible given everything that's been going on in the story so she had been kind of the queen
00:50:33.600even though she was never coronated so it was just like polite for her to get the a funeral
00:50:39.580procession through the streets of london but the whole thing the people of england like loved her
00:50:45.680again you know they didn't like her for the running around the castle but then she died so now she's
00:50:49.320like people's princess again people's queen so the people planning her funeral were like
00:50:54.080like we're pretty close to like rebellion slash riots in london so like having the like effigy
00:51:02.260of queen caroline go through the town would probably lead to more riots so what if so
00:51:08.460basically usually the funeral procession goes like through london but they're like what if
00:51:12.120our funeral procession goes like around london to try and make it be not a riot but of course
00:51:19.000that didn't work because everybody wanted to pay tribute to their fallen heroine the best way they
00:51:24.100knew how, like in her honor to throw one final riot. So people threw stones and bricks at the
00:51:30.900soldiers who were in the procession. So the soldiers shot back into the crowd. And when
00:51:35.860that didn't work, they waved their sabers around while riding on their horses. Basically, it was
00:51:40.520chaos. And two people ended up dying, a carpenter named Richard Honey and a bricklayer named George
00:51:46.040Francis. So after everything simmered down, this is just an interesting side note, just sort of
00:51:53.080like the everyday people, they raised money in a kind of Regency era Kickstarter to erect a tomb
00:51:58.900in memory of these two men, Richard Honey and George Francis, both of whom had died leaving
00:52:03.860children behind. So it just sort of showed like the spirit of like unity among the working classes,
00:52:09.940like Caroline's supporters were like good people. So the riot happened and the penal procession
00:52:15.520organizers were like okay let's just go through the city hopefully that will stop the riot they
00:52:20.400did and it did basically and the route ended at the waterfront and her body was placed on a ship
00:52:27.180to be sent back to Brunswick for her to be buried in Brunswick Cathedral her body is like sailing
00:52:32.500over to Brunswick Cathedral and some English ministers are like in a different boat like
00:52:37.040heading over to like just go check in the tomb to make sure everything's okay and when they showed
00:52:41.140up they found that the tomb had already been inscribed with here lies caroline the injured
00:52:45.520queen of england and they were like oh what if it doesn't say that um and the people in brunswick
00:52:54.080were like but we carved it like we're the grave carvers and this is what we did so then a huge
00:52:58.420fight broke out between the brunswick church people and the english ministers which is just
00:53:03.900like her whole life all it's been like caroline just like instigates such passion in people
00:53:09.360ultimately the grave was changed and so they put a boring latin verse on it like all queens get0.99
00:53:16.040but anyway just like one last fuck you from caroline to the royal family so sort of like0.98
00:53:24.520queen anne from the favorite um whose story was written by people who hated her and so for a long0.99
00:53:31.300time we just kind of thought she was like useless and whatever caroline's story has not been
00:53:36.800reclaimed by people like me who love her until now. But the book that I read to get most of
00:53:44.920this information from was called Caroline and Charlotte, Lives of Caroline of Brunswick and
00:53:49.040Princess Charlotte of Wales by Alison Plowden from 1989. It's a good book for informational
00:53:55.220purposes, but it also leans a lot onto like, you get the sense Alison Plowden, the author,
00:54:01.780kind of believes a lot of the worst rumors about Caroline and thinks she's kind of like0.86
00:54:05.360useless and stupid there's one movie out about this and there's a couple other books as well
00:54:12.100if you want to read more about caroline but i think the best way to honor her is just by like0.99
00:54:16.860telling the story to other people and is i just sort of like uh it's a coda to the whole thing
00:54:26.240so 16 years after caroline died and prince her husband george the fourth he didn't have any more
00:54:32.200legitimate children so the throne went to his younger brother and then to his younger brother
00:54:37.160and like none of these brothers had any children and it's just like oh my god who's going to be
00:54:40.940the next king of england plot twist not a king so 16 years after caroline died um another high
00:54:48.420spirited opinionated young german princess arrived in england to take on an important role
00:54:52.920this was princess alexandrina victoria of kent the only legitimate grandchild of king george the third
00:54:59.760she was crowned queen victoria in westminster abbey the same place that years earlier her aunt1.00
00:55:07.020carolina brunswick had faced her final humiliation queen victoria became known for her strict moral
00:55:12.860code stubborn nature devotion to her country and to the monarchy basically queen victoria became
00:55:19.560one of history's most well-behaved women while carolina brunswick is remembered not much at all
00:55:27.680until now so I think inspired by some of my most favorite other podcasts I would like to give
00:55:36.460each of the stories I tell here a score so I'm not scoring the person um I don't think anyone's
00:55:43.740life is more valuable or important than another person's life but just like the story of it like
00:55:50.620the whole thing of it. And so I have four different categories. The first of which is
00:55:57.900scandalousness. So this is like, of the whole situation, not just like how scandalous was this
00:56:07.500whole story, but like, how scandalous was it? Like the details of the scandal. So this is on a scale
00:56:14.740of i guess zero to ten and when we're looking at caroline of brunswick story we've got the like
00:56:21.700fake pretending to have a baby to get her parents attention as a teenager we've got the rumors that
00:56:29.020she might have had a baby as a teenager she wanted to marry um an irish soldier despite the fact that
00:56:36.600she was royal and then she wasn't allowed to do that um we've got the whole she refused to be
00:56:42.860taught princess manners but then like oh that's just sort of like interestingness I guess like
00:56:49.800the scandalousness of it like the liciousness comes in with the whole Bartolomeo situation
00:56:55.980well actually first no so when she goes to live in the country and she's rumored to have all of0.99
00:57:00.780these flirting with all these men taking all these lovers which like I really hope she did1.00
00:57:05.340I hope she just like had lots of really great sex so there's a room she had the lovers then there
00:57:11.400was like the william austin situation where it's like was that her baby was it not the fact that
00:57:15.580that went to like a tribunal like the prime minister was trying to decide like did she have
00:57:21.000an extramarital affair and then the bartolomeo of it all going off to lake como to live
00:57:27.280this just sort of like life of like miss fisher's murder mysteries like just like deliciousness
00:57:35.160like there's a lot and then coming back like the riots this is just like there's a lot
00:57:43.700of scandalousness to this on a scale of zero to ten I'm going to give her a seven in that
00:57:51.040category I think a firm seven I mean we're going to be looking at over the course of this whole1.00
00:57:56.300podcast series lots of lots of interesting women lots of scandalousness and I think for the first0.97
00:58:03.520episode this is like a strong strong start seven the next category is scheminess like how crafty0.99
00:58:12.780was she well not just like how smart was she what were her sort of like plans but like how0.96
00:58:17.780schemey was she like on a scale of like zero to Cersei Lannister like where where is she in like
00:58:26.140secret backroom dealings and like secretly manipulating people and stuff and so the thing1.00
00:58:32.240with carolina brunswick is that she did have some scheminess for sure the whole like writing letter1.00
00:58:37.260to the editor like leaking stories to the tabloid press like hiring a pr advocate situation like1.00
00:58:45.100in that respect her scheminess was great but in the respect of like she didn't do a lot of like1.00
00:58:54.060backroom dealing she didn't do a lot of like jockeying for power against other people like
00:58:58.500she just wanted to live her own best life she wasn't really out seemingly to me i don't think1.00
00:59:04.620for like power or glory or anything she just wanted to like have some fun so she was schemey0.98
00:59:11.560i'd say she's medium schemey i mean they give her a four a four out of ten for scheminess because
00:59:17.820there's definitely some scheminess there like the tabloid involvement the like going walking with
00:59:23.180Oh, they're going for walks. They're like really cultivating the British people's anti-monarchist feelings for her own ends. That was good. I'm going to bump her. I'm going to give her a five. Five for scheminess.
00:59:38.380the next category is significance and so this is like again no one person
00:59:46.880in the history of everything like everyone's life is everyone's life but in terms of like
00:59:54.040you know if we were looking at somebody it's like did she invent penicillin
00:59:57.480did she invade a country like what are the long-term repercussions of the events of the
01:00:05.600story that we looked at and so for caroline brunswick regrettably um she was never crowned
01:00:11.940queen her daughter charlotte died young so there's not like a long lineage to look at like caroline
01:00:18.480of brunswick did amazing things for herself um i think she really reached self-actualization
01:00:25.560in the course of her just like really interesting bonkers life but in terms of like the long-term
01:00:32.380historical repercussions like okay so if she and her husband had gotten along better maybe they
01:00:38.320would have had more children maybe those children would become the next monarchs of england maybe
01:00:42.920queen victoria would never have become queen you know like there's some significance to what she
01:00:48.240did um the fact that she just she really england got really close to a full revolution because of
01:00:58.420her just sort of like everything she was up to but it didn't have a revolution like if there had
01:01:03.880been an actual like revolution if like a french revolution moment had happened with like the end
01:01:09.800of monarchy that would be huge significance but i'm gonna give her a bit for significance
01:01:14.400like her very existence in the world everyone gets at least one everyone's significant in their
01:01:21.020own way and the fact that she was so she hated her husband so much that they never had any more
01:01:28.080children did have repercussions for the whole future of the royal British royal family but
01:01:33.620overall I'm just going to give her I think a three three for significance and then the final
01:01:41.060factor this is a score out of 40 the final factor is what I'm just calling is sexism basically so
01:01:51.220like how much how much was her life thwarted by patriarchy and by sexism and by people just like
01:01:59.220not just letting her live because she was a woman you know there's a number we're going to be
01:02:04.100looking at so many cool people like I can't wait to record these other episodes but like there's
01:02:07.600people who because they were women they were able to accomplish great things because they could get
01:02:12.760into certain spaces okay that's pretty rare it's usually people like the people we're looking at
01:02:17.860will be like they accomplished great things despite the fact they were a woman they accomplished
01:02:21.700great things and then they got burned as a witch because they were a woman like sexism is such a
01:02:26.580huge part of all of this stuff so like in terms of significance like if she if the british royal
01:02:31.640family had let women become heirs like augusta caroline's mother was the older sister of george
01:02:38.520so like if it wasn't a son to son thing um augusta could have been the queen and then caroline would
01:02:46.360have been the next queen like her life would have been totally different and then the whole thing
01:02:50.480about like her husband was just like having a fair as a mistress and like it was no secret
01:02:54.740illegitimate children but then they're like the fact that he was so just like oh my god did she
01:03:00.020have sex with another man and like that was like I mean basically every every woman's story we're
01:03:06.820going to be looking at in this podcast sexism is always like I can't think of a story where that's
01:03:11.440not going to be there so we're giving her points it's like making up points it's like a bonus for
01:03:16.880like how much sexism did she have to put up with and yet she still led this interesting life0.93
01:03:23.140this is tricky on a scale of zero to ten for sex it's definitely at least a five
01:03:29.100i think i'm going to stick with a five of five for sexism so let me just do some quick math
01:03:36.960since 20 carolina brunswick score is a 20 out of 40 on the vulgar history scale so that's the story
01:03:45.820um if you want to read more about her like again the main book i use for research here
01:03:49.820um is caroline and charlotte lives of caroline of brunswick and princess charlotte of wales by
01:03:54.600allison plowden um which again it's like the information is good but the book is just like
01:04:01.060really down on her it's just like a newer biography might be better and if you know of one
01:04:07.520hey let me know um you can email me at vulgar history pod at gmail.com i've also got like
01:04:14.6807 000 million social media things to tell you about but basically my name is ann foster
01:04:19.820this is the vulgar history podcast i have a website at ann foster writer.com um and i'm
01:04:28.360also on twitter at ann foster writer i'm on patreon.com slash ann foster writer and if you
01:04:35.580enjoy this episode of vulgar history like all the podcast hosts always say you know subscribe rate
01:04:41.380and review on your favorite podcast app and i can't wait to tell you another story next time
01:39:16.560She kind of invented the leaking to the press and to the fact that the royal family then had to then they had to start leaking to the press to counteract what she was doing.0.99
01:50:32.240Oh, actually, sorry, Lana, can we just talk briefly?
01:50:34.220i didn't watch queen charlotte a bridgerton story but you told me about the complete erasure of
01:50:40.280carolina brunswick from that show complete and and um for people that do watch that show
01:50:46.320when um charlotte was saying uh thoughts and prayers at the funeral that was princess charlotte's
01:50:53.320funeral she was it was the whole thoughts and prayers is oh no sorrows sorrows prayers sorrows
01:51:01.240that is that is princess charlotte and there was no caroline of brunswick and pretty as far as the
01:51:08.600show is concerned sad pitiful he was actually sad he was actually sad she died and i was like no
01:51:16.520that's not how any of this works sounds fake but as far as that show is concerned princess charlotte
01:51:22.700emerged fully formed from pretty's forehead or something like they don't and i get it if you0.99
01:51:27.860want to mention like where's her mother oh she's currently having a fuck cruise in italy with a0.99
01:51:31.820married guy like i know you don't want to throw that into queen charlotte because then you're0.98
01:51:35.440like wait why is there a show about queen charlotte and why is there a show not about0.96
01:51:37.680the person on the fuck cruise but um correct but no lana you were messaging me you're like0.83
01:51:44.100i'm watching bridgerton and i'm like oh my god is caroline there and you're like no0.98
01:51:49.060i'm like well then how do they explain who this dead princess is and you're like they don't
01:51:55.020I think I was most sad about the very fact that like I wanted to see what Chandra Chandra Rimes did with Carolina Brunswick because like that seems like one of her characters it seems like someone she would have loved to yeah play like she produced that Anna Delvey series like I do some more thing but historical Carolina like Bridgerton presents Carolina Brunswick like the love story could be her and the Italian married man I don't know or invent a new person or something.
01:52:25.020thing but anyway but again like so much stuff like the foundations I keep being reminded of this
01:52:32.480and this is something else there's so much you told me Lana and I'm just I just keep being like
01:52:36.500two years later I'm like oh that's what Lana meant when she told me that thing that time
01:52:40.820but like the way that Queen Victoria put a stranglehold on what British history is and
01:52:46.260how people understand it like she created these narratives that people kept retelling
01:52:51.040and then new people retell and then stuff like the bridgerton books are like oh the regency era
01:52:56.120and then the shondaland show is like based on those books so it's like there's this myth like
01:53:00.900invented by victoria basically and not just about this also about mary queen of scots and lots of
01:53:05.100things where like it's like the the interview i did a bit ago with um john guy and julia fox about
01:53:12.660their new anne boleyn book they were like we're gonna go to the original the letters the diaries
01:53:17.760Like we don't want to look at anyone else's book about Anne Boleyn because we want to make our own opinions and find these things.
01:53:22.700And it's like, yeah, so much of British history, especially as people looking back at these like 19th century writings and then just reinterpreting those instead of seeing like, well, wait, what actually happened in the actual era?