00:01:22.020My favorite show, Fleabag, just love any excuse to talk about Fleabag.0.81
00:01:26.780The lies of meritocracy and why so many women still feel like they're drowning.
00:01:32.160And yet we're constantly being told that we should be grateful for what we have.
00:01:43.560Stephanie O'Connell, I am so happy to have you back again to talk about something that I think about a lot as the mom of two girls.
00:01:50.540Why did girl boss empowerment actually fail us?
00:01:57.380Let me start with what I think the girl boss got right, because I don't think we spend enough time giving just a little credit where credit is due.0.95
00:02:06.880Trust me, I have a lot of critique to give.0.98
00:02:09.040My whole book starts out with a very long critique of girl boss culture.
00:02:13.460But what I want to say is that the girl boss ultimately idealized a vision that allows women to think more expansively about what they want.
00:02:25.540The idea that work and family, personal and professional, public and private did not need to be mutually exclusive, but could be mutually reinforcing as it is for men.
00:02:39.100It was a more expansive vision of what women can and should have access to.
00:02:45.320My beef with it, of course, is something we're all probably very familiar with.0.96
00:02:50.160It was very exclusionary in practice, often reinforced a lot of the toxic workplace culture it claimed to challenge.
00:02:59.940often got getting women ahead at other women's expense instead of thinking about improving the
00:03:06.580outcomes of all women across all identities. And so when we think about why that vision of
00:03:15.680girlboss empowerment, the one that promised us that if we could just dream big enough and be
00:03:22.940confident enough and work hard enough, we could have that more expansive vision and we could
00:03:30.020access more equitable outcomes relative to our more privileged male colleagues.
00:03:34.840When we think about why that didn't work, I think we have to think really critically about what the
00:03:42.880fundamental belief system underlying it was. And basically, the fundamental belief system was
00:03:50.500The problem is you. The reason you are not getting ahead, the reason you are struggling to access the same outcome as your more privileged male peers is because you are not confident, ambitious, asking for more, willing to step up and be aggressive and work hard and grind and really put yourself out there.
00:04:18.980And what it did was take a problem of systemic discrimination and bias against women, but, you know, of course, again, across many intersections of identity and teach us to think of it as a personal problem.
00:04:34.900And what happens when you start thinking of empowerment as an individual and internal issue and not looking at the structures around you, the actual systems of power that recreate unequal outcomes no matter what you do, no matter how ambitious you are, is you not only reproduce the same inequality.
00:04:59.400But because you've already taught women to blame themselves, that inequality can just go on reproducing itself completely unchecked because there is no resistance to it when we when we can recast the problem as, well, you know, if women just aren't choosing to work as hard, then inequality is just a matter of personal choice.
00:05:24.880It's not a systemic issue. It's not being reproduced by our structures that create the same outcomes that are unequal no matter what women choose. There's no confrontation with the ways in which there's no amount of ambition, no amount of asking for more, no amount of being educated and doing all the same things as your male peers.
00:05:48.160that's going to get you the same outcomes when you're in a system that rewards men more for
00:05:54.440doing those things and sometimes even punishes women who do the same. Right, right. You're not
00:06:01.000girl powering hard enough. You're not girl bossing hard enough. And I do look a lot of credit where1.00
00:06:09.000credit is due. Like I took so much of that to heart when I graduated college. I'm like, I'm
00:06:14.980going to climb this ladder. I'm, I'm, I'm, I think it was inspiring to so many young women.
00:06:20.680And it's not, it's actually not the fault of the girl boss movement. It's not the fault of the
00:06:27.260girl power movement. It's the fault of the world that didn't change. It's the fault of the men who0.91
00:06:31.840didn't change. Like we were not accommodated by the systems, by the culture in order to be those
00:06:39.840models that were being upheld for us. And that's the real problem here. Also, the other problem
00:06:47.540is that I think hustle and grind for everyone is a terrible idea. Like that is just, it is a recipe
00:06:53.900for burnout. We were told for so long, you get up at five in the morning, you write your book
00:06:59.140before those kids wake up, you do a workout, you huff your protein. And we're just encouraging a
00:07:05.260culture of burnout and exhaustion that makes people want to check out of the system, right?
00:07:10.960A hundred percent. Plus, I always like to think about, like, I've been getting up at 5 a.m. for
00:07:16.320the last year because that's when my two-year-old gets up. And nobody's calling that hardcore. And
00:07:22.120nobody's saying that's the reason that I should be getting ahead. In fact, they're saying that
00:07:26.880because I'm the mother of a young child, me being paid less makes sense. So I think it just really
00:07:32.680exposes the idea that like grind and hard work is not what determines rewards in this culture.
00:07:39.740And I spend a whole chapter in the book reckoning with those myths, too, as much as I reckon with
00:07:46.380the gendered myths of, you know, the idea that you can confidence your way out of inequality.
00:07:52.080I'm also reckoning with these larger stories of meritocracy, the American dream, the idea that
00:07:59.480the the rewards and power you have access to has something to a direct correlation to how hard
00:08:06.940you're willing to work I mean if if it was about how hard people were willing to work we would see0.94
00:08:12.740like black single mothers being the richest women in our culture right and that's clearly not what's1.00
00:08:18.540happening statistically the rewards who holds power who has money who has more free time does
00:08:25.980not really correlate very, map on very evenly with work. What it maps on to is identity and
00:08:33.780the identities that are privileged in our culture. Overwhelmingly male, overwhelmingly white,0.67
00:08:39.760overwhelmingly cisgender and heterosexual, right? That is not an accident. It's by design. And so
00:08:46.180what I talk through in this book is the way that winds up happening generation after generation,
00:08:53.680even as we become more empowered than ever, even as women have been outpacing men in college for
00:09:01.120four decades. This is not a new phenomenon, right? The truth is you have an entire labor force right
00:09:08.540now in the United States that is made up of women who graduated college since before women,
00:09:15.080since after women, rather, started outpacing men in education. And that has not shifted our
00:09:21.000outcomes in terms of access to equitable pay or leadership or power. And so I'll give an example
00:09:28.040of how this winds up, this stratification winds up reproducing itself even as we become more
00:09:36.380credentialed and assert ourselves. So there's a really fabulous paper that studied why women were
00:09:43.220facing so much discrimination in accessing positions of leadership. Oftentimes, you would
00:09:50.660see women who were discounted. And what the researchers found was that it wasn't people
00:09:56.520saying, well, we're not going to promote her because she's a woman and a woman can't be a1.00
00:10:01.720leader and we just don't like women. People aren't that explicit. But what they do instead1.00
00:10:07.440is they weaponize other identity characteristics or behaviors against women through double standards
00:10:16.100that are not applied to their male peers. So when you look at age, for example, when you have a
00:10:21.860young woman, she gets discounted from leadership because she's too young to be considered seriously
00:10:28.240as a leader. But if you have an older woman, she's suddenly too old to be considered a leader.0.97
00:16:00.420but the myths in and of themselves undermine support
00:16:04.720for the very policies that would actually address this inequity. And so understanding and debunking
00:16:13.900the myths themselves, I argue, is one of the most powerful things we can do to shift our outcomes.
00:16:22.860I completely agree. I mean, I just could not agree more. I want to take a quick break. And
00:16:27.180when we come back, I want to talk about things that I'm just sick of. I just want to I want to
00:16:30.160complain a little bit. OK, let's do it.
00:16:34.720okay we're back we're back on the complaining part of this episode i want to stop being told
00:16:45.840to be grateful for my career success um to be grateful i just kind of want to stop being told
00:16:53.380to be grateful generally i firmly believe that this like massive movement towards gratitude
00:17:00.720and that gratitude will improve your well-being is just a way to make us have to have to accept
00:17:07.960a status quo. Right. Like I get told also as an author all the time, I should be grateful that I
00:17:12.960just get to write books. Right. And I don't think men get told that. Right. I am always wary of when
00:17:20.100self-help really only falls to one gender. Like the advice really only gets applied to women and
00:17:28.820not men, because then you really think, who is that really serving? Who is it serving to tell
00:17:34.240women and women exclusively that the key to having more happiness, sustainability, well-being is just
00:17:42.460to be more grateful and not to reduce their workload or not to give them more support or not
00:17:49.880to give them more access to the same kinds of rewards and recognition as their male peers?
00:17:56.420It's always telling when we're being sold a solution that doesn't depend on shifting the systems that are increasing our stressors, our burnout, the things that we're struggling with, but instead says, actually, you should just be more grateful for what you have.
00:18:12.220Now, this is not to say that like we we don't have any value in any of the advice we've been talking about, whether it's being grateful, whether it's being confident, whether it's negotiating. Right.
00:18:23.400But I think what I really want to be clear about is when is that advice being used to serve us and when is it really just being used to justify the same unequal outcomes that we've been sitting with now for generation after generation?
00:18:42.900because, gosh, I can't tell you how often I hear people coming up in my comments and being like,1.00
00:18:50.120well, you should be grateful you don't live over there in this country where women can't even show
00:18:54.940their faces in public, or you should just be grateful that it's not the 1800s. And what it0.84
00:19:00.120does is reframe the conversation from what we're talking about, which is a rampant, gross,
00:19:07.400unjustifiable inequality that is costing women, especially those most marginalized women,
00:19:13.880their time, their money, their autonomy, their access to safety, well-being, the care for their
00:19:20.080children, their children's safety, their children's economic security. And we are reframing how much
00:19:27.420harder it is for them to have that relative to their male peers and saying, actually, the benchmark
00:19:35.220shouldn't be where we're at today and the inequality you're experiencing relative to
00:19:40.480your more privileged colleagues. It should actually be where you could have been a hundred
00:19:44.780years ago or another place in the world. And you should just shut up and be happy with that.0.83
00:19:51.060Right. Who does that serve? That's always the question I'm coming back to when we talk about0.97
00:19:55.440these stories or these sentiments of like, especially the gendered sentiments that are
00:19:59.840overwhelmingly directed at women, because then it really tells you something about like, okay,
00:20:05.800are they telling you to be grateful because it serves you? Or are they telling you to be
00:20:10.720grateful because it serves them if you just shut up and continue to show up and keep doing
00:20:16.460all of this labor and maintaining all of this additional infrastructure that the system that
00:20:24.880enables men to access more pay power and leisure depends upon exactly i mean that was that was a
00:20:33.000really good good answer to me just shitting all over gratitude uh which whereas i was just going0.72
00:20:38.180to be like hashtag gratitude totally sucks i want you to complain about something what is something0.97
00:20:44.100that you just you just want to get rid of or that you just that you just hate let's just talk about0.96
00:20:48.520things we hate right now? Oh, my God. There's so many to choose from. Where do I begin? I really
00:20:55.880hate the reframing of women constrained out of their professional opportunity, their public life
00:21:04.560and their personal leisure as a choice. I think like there has been in the face of like a very
00:21:12.540unprecedented attack on women's autonomy and their well-being and their economic security,
00:21:19.680there has been like a simultaneous push to say, well, actually, this is what women want. And0.85
00:21:26.320they're just choosing to be empowered in a new way. And I just keep thinking about like the
00:21:32.460hundreds of thousands of black women who are whose jobs were cut from the federal government
00:21:36.920in a very targeted way last year to then have to read headlines about how women's labor force0.99
00:21:44.120participation has fallen and how that's not really a problem. It's just women choosing1.00
00:21:48.340differently. I just think it's such a slap in the face when people are really struggling to1.00
00:21:53.580feed their families, maintain a roof over their heads, maintain their access to health care.
00:22:00.180Who are we serving with this nonsense, right? I just really want to give empathy to how much the way in which our collective struggle is being recast as some kind of collective liberation when in fact what it's doing is reinforcing the very status quo that has made our struggle so difficult to begin with.
00:22:30.180Yeah, yeah. I also want to get rid of the word glass ceiling or the phrase glass ceiling because it makes, again, it makes it seem like all of this is possibly our fault.
00:22:45.300You talk a lot about a different phrasing that researchers use called glass cliff, which, you know, then I just picture, every time I think of a cliff, I think of lemmings, but that's wrong here.
00:22:58.780But what is what is the glass? My kids my kids have been watching a lot of Grizzly and the Lemmings lately. Have your kids ever seen that? It's the worst show. It's the worst show to that one on television. It's essentially Tom and Jerry, but with a grizzly bear and lemmings. It's absolute complete crap. And they love it. What is what is the glass cliff?
00:23:17.860Yeah, so the glass cliff is a tactic wherein women or other underrepresented groups are elevated into a position of power, but generally in a time only in a time of crisis so that they are more easily set up to fail and can be scapegoated as the reason that the company was in crisis and not the fact that the company was already in crisis.0.96
00:23:47.420And then secondly, when those underrepresented groups are elevated into those positions of power, they are not given access to the same supports, the same resources, the same buy-in by the company board, for example, to really implement radical change.
00:24:06.900And they are not given as much grace for the mistakes that they maybe make along the way. And so really, it's a system of setting marginalized groups up to fail so that we can then point to them and say, well, they really weren't great leaders anyway. And this really proves all along that we should only really have white dudes in these positions because that's the way leadership is supposed to work effectively.
00:24:31.860yeah yeah i also i want to get rid of something else that i think you want to get rid of the idea
00:24:39.940of the queen bee right and that like you know the queen bee versus the alpha in our language right
00:24:48.120talk about double standards you know anytime i talk about this stuff in the backlash against1.00
00:24:54.480ambitious women i hear well the worst of it comes from other women women are the real problem here1.00
00:25:00.040And I wound up dedicating a whole chapter of the book to these dynamics. And the first and foremost, like the thing we really misunderstand about these systems of bias is that they're not these individual things. It's not like me versus you. It's not guys versus girls.
00:25:16.380is that we're all growing up in these cultures where we learn that women are supposed to be
00:25:22.960one way and men are supposed to be another way. And what men are supposed to do aligns with
00:25:29.280our ideas of power and leadership. And those aren't natural ideas. They're cultural ideas.
00:25:35.160They're inherited. And we all inherit them, even if we are part of the group that has been told
00:25:41.180that you're not a leader. You're not what a leader looks like. So when women assert their
00:25:47.460power, their ambition to leadership, yeah, other women are primed to also express some of those,1.00
00:25:56.260hey, she's a bee. She's difficult to work with. She's not a team player. She's a bee. Just as men1.00
00:26:02.800are. She's a bee. She's a bee. Right? So it's, again, about this broader cultural conditioning,0.99
00:26:10.240not this individual project. However, that being said, in spite of our cultural conditioning,
00:26:18.580we see unequivocally that women's outcomes improve the more they are surrounded with other women,
00:26:26.420particularly as women access leadership positions. And the real key difference is
00:26:32.480token woman, one woman in a position of power, two women in a position of power versus women0.99
00:26:39.100represented in positions of management, power, leadership at scale. Once you get about 30% of0.96
00:26:48.300women in management, in positions of leadership, then they have the real critical mass to start1.00
00:26:55.460shifting the culture. Talk about glass cliff. If you only elevate a single woman leader,1.00
00:27:02.820oftentimes that woman is being elevated because she's being used as a cover for maintaining the1.00
00:27:10.280same old misogynistic and exclusionary practices of the workplace so they so the guys in power can1.00
00:27:16.140continue to stay in power they can continue to discount whatever that one woman in power says0.73
00:27:20.780because there's enough of them to overrule her and then they can say you know women aren't supportive1.00
00:27:26.920of other women anyway, but we're not actually misogynistic because, look, we have a woman in
00:27:32.720our leadership, right? So those token women are used as cover for maintaining an exclusionary1.00
00:27:38.540status quo. But where the status quo can be really challenged and is challenged is when you see women1.00
00:27:44.840represented at scale in a meaningful capacity. And one really fabulous paper, it talks about
00:27:52.720Women in management at a threshold of 60 percent in the UK closed gender pay and promotion gaps throughout the organization studied.
00:28:03.360So as soon as you had women in power, not just like more than one, but really in a meaningful representative capacity, they were able to get enough buy-in and support for their ideas and not be cast aside and have their voices silenced and to be made to be cast as ineffective no matter how hard they wanted to change the culture.
00:28:28.980They could change the culture because there were enough other women there to buy in and support them, too. And those women wound up implementing policies throughout the organization that closed gender gaps at every single level.0.84
00:28:43.380And I think that is a really powerful testament to what really happens when we're talking about like what it means for women as a social class to have power versus a woman being in a position of power.0.77
00:29:01.840And that's a big difference. That's where you get a lot of these queen bee stereotypes. You get a woman in power who is cast as being a queen bee because she's effectively not empowered to challenge the male-dominated exclusionary status quo when she's in that position, not because women are just as exclusionary naturally, quote unquote, as men.
00:29:28.660Although we are all fighting against this cultural conditioning.
00:29:32.880Yeah, no, I mean, and that's the hardest part, fighting the cultural conditioning.
00:32:23.600In the intro of the book, I wound up dedicating a little ode to this because I think we use, and I use it too as I've been talking about this,
00:32:32.720metrics like pay and power and leadership as a kind of shorthand for ambition. They are not
00:32:38.380exclusive indicators of ambition's presence. And I don't think ambition is any one thing. I think
00:32:44.560ambition is public. I think it's private. I think it's personal. I think it's professional.
00:32:48.480I think going back to what I said, what I think the girl boss got right, a more expansive vision
00:32:54.240of what we should be able to have access to. It's not a balance in a bank account. It's not waking0.83
00:33:00.060up at 5 a.m. It's not checking things off of a list. It's to just live in alignment with more
00:33:05.020of the things that we want to do. The reason I wind up citing a lot of these metrics we
00:33:10.220traditionally talk about is because of the way in which the pursuit of public ambition,
00:33:16.280particularly ambition that is both perceived and rewarded as high value, is made uniquely fraught1.00
00:33:23.300for women. And I think that is what this book is really reckoning with, because if that is still
00:33:28.040the case, it makes it much harder to reimagine any kind of ambition because you really are just
00:33:35.720stuck in a struggle of trying to keep a roof over your head. And you can't really have room to
00:33:42.380imagine and rethink and experience this more expansive and ambition of possibilities if you
00:33:50.360are not able to access the basic needs that you need, your basic security, your basic autonomy,0.98
00:33:56.680me and your basic things that that women still have far less access to exactly exactly I think
00:34:02.600it's very hard to be ambitious about the other parts of your life when we have we don't have a0.93
00:34:10.840social safety net okay like we we have I'm I live in fear of precarity all the time which is dumb
00:34:18.000I shouldn't right like I like by all metrics am at the top of my career I like my level of earning
00:34:25.720power right now. But I also and I'm I'm very privileged to be able to say that. But because
00:34:31.100there's no social safety net, everyone, me included, is one health crisis away from not
00:34:39.360being able to to access any of these things that make us secure, like literally one health crisis.
00:34:47.980Or and also, I don't know if my job will exist next next year. Right. Like there is so much
00:34:55.240precarity and it's so much worse for so many different populations that it is hard to talk
00:35:02.540about ambition without talking about how building these safety nets for people well and that's why
00:35:10.620i'm always that's to me the biggest red flag in the like the trad wife discourse and the soft
00:35:18.140life discourse is like you know at the end of the day if you really care about valuing caregiving
00:35:24.860labor, if you really care about making life more sustainably, making ambition more expansive,
00:35:31.660then the solution isn't to submit to a man. The solution is to reinforce a social safety net.
00:35:38.380But they're not out here advocating for universal health care and universal basic income and these
00:35:44.000other things that would make, you know, at home ambition, caregiving ambition more sustainable
00:35:49.400and accessible to all of us, because at the end of the day, that would undermine what they're0.99
00:35:54.380actually trying to sell us, which is a very gendered division of labor and a gendered1.00
00:35:59.840And so I think that to me is like the most telling thing about like, oh, are we really
00:36:06.240caring about our ability to think expansively about ambition and creatively and allowing
00:36:14.220people to sustain this thing that we think matters?0.68
00:36:17.500Or are we just trying to make sure that this is labor only women are expected to do?1.00
00:36:24.380Yeah. Yeah, exactly. Exactly. I hope that people are energized by this talk and less exhausted. Okay, wait, more rapid fire, though. Your favorite thing for self-care?1.00
00:36:37.040i like to run though recently i've been trading it in for sleep because my book's coming out
00:36:43.920look when people ask me what i do for self-care it's sleep okay i love sleep so much i am a
00:36:49.500massive freak for sleep i'm constantly thinking about ways that i can have more sleep and more
00:36:54.340comfortable sleep like sleep is what sleep is one of my number one priorities one of the other
00:37:00.260things that i hate that i want to get rid of is when people find out you know how many books i
00:37:05.300write how many podcasts I make they're like you must never sleep but I'm like I said nine hours
00:37:08.400a night like I prioritize sleep more than anything else because I couldn't function if I didn't sleep
00:37:13.500but I think that goes back to hustle and grind right like if you're working hard then you must
00:37:18.380not sleep you must be getting up and grinding so freaking hard oh my gosh I've I've come to like
00:37:26.060this new theory that masculinity like aspirational masculinity is just about manufacturing hardship
00:37:32.140and aspirational femininity is all about manufacturing ease so like basically for
00:37:39.320like I said before I'm up at 5 a.m with my kid but you know we're not saying oh it's hardcore
00:37:44.660you know it's only hardcore if a dude does it and then you know the actual hard labor of being with
00:37:51.000my kid all day and cleaning my house that is like being sold as the pinnacle of ease and liberation