00:05:04.740You have a word like pap, which starts, even though we might think of that as a word for baby food, it starts off as a word for the breast.
00:05:13.380And that's where the connection with kind of baby's eating comes in.
00:05:17.580And then you get, you have to name parts of the breast, the forward tit, the pap head.
00:05:24.500And eventually, in the 16th century, you get nipple coming in.
00:05:28.520So it's just sort of, I think, reaching back into the past allows you to kind of play around with choices as well.
00:05:35.060What if we'd ended up with that one and not this word?
00:05:38.200And tit, particularly in my kind of British English, is a good sort of plain spoken.
00:05:43.780and you might say it's as cold as a witch's tit
00:05:46.860if you were trying to explain how kind of freezing cold it was one morning.
00:05:49.820So I was interested that that word is there back in the past.
00:05:55.740And it's part of this phase of English
00:05:57.980where you often have several synonyms of kind of vaguely similar registers.
00:06:02.920You don't quite get that stratification of kind of polite words
00:06:06.820and impolite words that you get later on.0.56
00:06:10.480Well, and talking about female body parts as well,
00:06:12.540You have a whole chapter that's about kind of female reproductive body parts and the words used for them.
00:06:19.040But even just the word vagina was very interesting to me how you talk about just the various medical textbooks mostly written by men and which terms ended up kind of catching on and which didn't.
00:06:30.620Like the word vagina, well, you could describe it has to do with a sword and a sheath, right?
00:06:35.280Yeah, it's used in Latin treaties describing some of the new findings of anatomical dissection when that kind of gets going in a big way in the 16th century.
00:06:48.600And it's just in there really as an analogy, you know, this body parts to describe it.
00:06:55.120So if you're an anatomist for your readers, you will want to describe for your readers who haven't kind of been there and seen a dead body, but will want to kind of, I mean, they will know it in their own lives.
00:07:04.200but you're trying to kind of describe it and it vagina yeah it's just that word for sheath or
00:07:09.000scabbard of a sword and it's to describe a kind of reciprocal function you know as as a sword goes
00:07:15.380into a scabbard and it's not really presented even as a new technical term I don't think but
00:07:20.780but somehow it has gets kind of pulled out and becomes the standard term and before that things
00:07:28.680things have been a bit vaguer in a way so you have wound gates or kind of ports or or wickets
00:07:36.020but it's interesting that to me that it's it's very sexist that idea of it that it that it what
00:07:41.940vagina is is is the thing in relation to the male and anatomy but but that's quite a late idea and
00:07:49.120it's a quite it's quite an accidental idea which is not to say that the whole history of these
00:07:53.520textbooks isn't full of kind of misogyny but often often you can kind of find surprises in
00:08:00.840the histories of these words and every time I kind of thought I knew something when I was setting
00:08:06.380off to research each chapter I would suddenly think oh that's that's a much stranger story
00:08:12.060than I thought it was and then behind that there were there were other words and it can make you
00:08:17.120you know which are we describing whose perspective are we describing this body part from and and the
00:08:23.520the 16th century writers who are interested in opening up discussions of childbirth and pregnancy
00:08:30.540and kind of communicating that to women readers in English are using a different set of words
00:08:35.440they're they're not using vagina to start off with they're talking about kind of gates
00:08:39.300and doorways and passages it's still metaphorical but it's a different set of metaphors
00:08:46.060can you talk about the thing with nymphs in regards to female anatomy yeah I mean in that
00:08:53.520That's coming out of, you know, classical Greek medical treatises and that writing as it's kind of being translated into different languages are coming across.
00:09:03.960But it's one of the, again, it's a little bit hazy.
00:09:07.540Some of these male writers are not very good at kind of accurate descriptions of that part of women's anatomy.
00:09:13.860And, you know, like as we do these days with technical terms, people kind of muddle things up and overlap things.
00:09:19.540But yeah, an early alternative name for what we would call the labia is nymph.
00:09:29.100And it's where later on that idea of kind of nymphomania comes from.
00:15:52.560And the first use of hysterical in English is used to say
00:15:56.740that a woman might be hysterical might not therefore be a witch or influenced by witchcraft
00:16:02.500so that you know it's it's there as a kind of useful medical medical idea no don't don't
00:16:08.500don't decide she's a witch actually she may have this kind of long held diagnosis of of the
00:16:14.400suffocation of the mother and we might call that hysterical and then it comes into english so the
00:16:18.560i was interested in sort of balancing up moments in the past where you have a kind of more enlightened
00:16:24.360way of thinking about things versus our sense of the kind of sexism of the past. And that's all
00:16:30.560there in the history of hysteria. And it's really interesting too, in so many of the words you talk
00:16:36.880about in your book and how it really made me think about the power of words. Like we're seeing it so
00:16:42.540strongly these days right now with people getting upset about pronouns or describing people as a
00:16:48.740woman or describing as like people who menstruate and people like the power and just the way that
00:16:53.800words reflect a societal view I guess it's more clear to me now because of some of these debates
00:17:00.240than maybe it would have been a couple of years ago and you do mention that in your book it's a
00:17:03.700history of women's words but you do talk about the the use of the word woman versus the use of the
00:17:08.300word like people with a uterus and things like that can you expand upon how you talk about that
00:17:12.580in the book yeah I mean I mentioned it just at the end and I think it was it was one of sort of
00:17:19.080watching those debates play out was one of the several things came together in the writing of
00:17:25.720this book but I was sort of suddenly more conscious of the vocabularies that were being
00:17:32.500kind of changed or replaced to do with things like menstruation or pregnancy and it made me
00:17:38.240interested in all of those words it's something I'm still kind of working my way through as an
00:17:46.440idea that the kind of balance between including and acknowledging and i talk about this in the
00:17:53.800introduction a little bit that there'll be people who who wouldn't categorize themselves as women
00:17:58.400but will need and use a lot of the kind of sets of vocabulary i'm interested in the book so that's
00:18:04.340exactly right but it is interesting to see the the kind of unintended perhaps consequence of that
00:18:12.160which is to see a word like woman disappearing out not not not in a kind of it's not that we
00:18:17.660can't say it anymore but in certain types of public health messaging or a certain way of
00:18:22.720writing a journal as well as something that the words was like women and women and girls might
00:18:28.280might be sort of circumvented kind of written out somehow and that that's quite significant in a way
00:18:35.740so so i was interested in not really trying to solve those questions but thinking about the
00:18:42.040As you say, the kind of the way in which culture and language interact with each other and how even those usage choices there reflect these kind of tricky, tricky balances that we're trying to do.
00:18:58.940You know, I could see both at the same time. Women's all sorts of issues relating to women and their lives and experiences are being represented and articulated at the same time as we're sort of changing or needing also to do something else at the same time with that language.
00:19:19.800So it's a kind of interesting space to be thinking about. But I think what I'm really doing, if I'm honest, is kind of retreating to the past and saying, right, you know, there's all this going on, but let's go back and kind of see what's nearer the source, the origins of English. Yeah, so it just sort of frames the book, I think.
00:19:41.860Well, no, exactly. And it's more, you use it in the book as an example of how words have power, how words interact with a society. Your book is very much, as you described it at the beginning of this interview, how were things about women written in the past.
00:19:55.980But another weird way, and I say weird, just kind of unexpected, but also kind of distressing that some of this terminology is interacting with our current world, as you do mention in the book about the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe versus Wade, which is using some, to me, quite obscure language about menstruation and about fetal development. Can you talk about that for a bit?
00:20:21.860And now we're just going to take a break for a word from our sponsors.
00:20:25.980Welcome to the Realms of Peril and Glory.
00:20:31.600Explore the mechanically magical vistas of Vale,
00:20:35.300the paranormal mysteries of liminal London,
00:24:24.200And again, a bit like the history of hysteria
00:24:27.240where it's quite easy to get the kind of
00:24:29.420wrong end of the stick and simplify history.
00:24:32.520telling the story of of the the early history of how which kinds of abortion are prosecuted and
00:24:40.060why and when is is took an awful lot of research it's not a kind of hugely heavily footnoted book
00:24:47.800but there's a lot going on under the surface I read I read and read for each of these chapters
00:24:51.700to try and kind of get the story straight and and the the earliest prosecutions have to do with
00:24:58.240people women pregnant women being injured and and having what we might think of as a
00:25:04.120miscarriage and there's quite a long then it's recognized that that that doesn't really
00:25:11.720work because it's very difficult to to kind of know the the legal personhood status of the kind
00:25:19.220of fetus in the womb and the what you see is that there's an understanding this is very much a kind
00:25:24.220of woman-centered knowledge as it were you know this is before our world of kind of scans and
00:25:31.260dates and everything the kind of the the moment of quickening is something that you know sort of
00:25:36.320inside out and that the the law and society is is not so easily going to be able to kind of
00:25:43.420intervene in and kind of make pronouncements about and that there's a real um caution and
00:25:50.520And recognition of doubt in some of the other writings about, you know, when can we say this is a crime and when can we say the fetus has a soul?
00:26:00.980And so it's so interesting to see some of the kind of legal debate, which appears to be so certain that the past agrees with you on something where it's a much more complicated story, even coming down to kind of what does that writer mean by that word?
00:26:20.520I think. Yeah, it's I think it's so useful and so important to have a book like yours that looks
00:26:26.540that explains how the same word has meant different things through the years. So for
00:26:31.480somebody today to see that word and be like, well, for sure it means this, where people in all
00:26:36.660different cultures and contexts were using it in different ways. So it's language is so fluid. And
00:26:42.420I think that's important for people to recognize. Yeah. And that's sort of underpinning some of the
00:26:48.220arguments that people are having today i keep wanting to kind of do the most simple kind of
00:26:54.520linguistics maybe a lecture and say there's this thing called polysemy we recognize that one word
00:27:00.120can have several related meanings um but but then you need to look usage and context and trying
00:27:06.780and kind of work out which is going on and it might be that i was quite keen not this is not
00:27:13.240simply a book of kind of definitions of things because because defining the idea that words have
00:27:17.920a kind of that either history or semantics will give you a kind of core central stable meaning
00:27:24.980that's not how it works it's it's always as you say a kind of different different parts of society
00:27:31.100using words slightly differently and kind of contested meanings and even this very weird
00:27:35.620thing that language does which is to have kind of you know you can think of a word like wench
00:27:40.700which can mean both both it can be used to straightforwardly for a young woman of a certain
00:27:47.240type of social status but then also has a pejorative meaning and the two kind of sit
00:27:53.100alongside and even when you're reading Shakespeare you're thinking okay they do relate to each
00:27:58.940other it's not accidental that they have a kind of related meaning but it but there will always
00:28:04.620be a sense of kind of negotiation through meaning yeah certainly even where we keep words to do with
00:28:11.080abortion words to do with miscarriage separate now as we absolutely should and that those are
00:28:16.800much more overlapping and intertwined and complicated in the past. And again, it makes
00:28:21.420the legal history of this somewhere where you can't just jump back in and kind of grab a phrase
00:28:27.140and say that's what that means. Yeah. And I was just going to say that's part of why it just
00:28:32.780seems preposterous to me to be making a legal decision now saying, well, in 1642, they said
00:28:38.820this, where it's like, well, a lot of context has changed since then. Yes. And bad scholarship
00:28:46.540to i think she's carla spivak if i'm named like she's written a very good article about the kind
00:28:51.480of complexity of the early history of of there's been you know some really good history research
00:28:57.320and it and it it's really sort of the worst kind of cherry picking to kind of cite hail or someone
00:29:03.540like that without kind of looking at you know because those legal writings are are sort of
00:29:09.740processing that the sort of stuff i'm particularly interested in the kind of medieval early early
00:29:15.480modern history of some of the ideas. They're just looking at kind of descriptions of cases in law
00:29:20.980books and thinking, what does that mean? How should we understand it? Well, and even a definition,
00:29:28.540this one also, after I read your book, I was talking to my friend and I kept giving my friend
00:29:32.220examples. I'm like, did you know this? And did you know this? It was a sort of book where I just
00:29:35.520enjoyed learning so many facts. But one that I found interesting, I was hoping you can talk about
00:29:39.200is the word husband and how it relates to the word housewife and how those interact with each other.
00:29:45.480Yeah. And even now, I don't think that the sort of connotations of housewife and the connotations of husband,
00:29:53.040which you can see are kind of related. Obviously, we have husband and wife.
00:29:57.360And yeah, I mean, coming back in origin to the sort of, in most circumstances, the two people,
00:30:04.840the man and the woman who are running the domestic economy of a house, some kind of,
00:30:10.820whether that's a kind of little house or a kind of bigger unit,
00:30:13.400but that kind of domestic family unit.
00:30:17.240So we would recognise a word like husbandry.
00:30:21.140There's that funny phrase, animal husbandry,
00:30:23.540which means the kind of looking after of farm animals very well.0.98
00:30:28.540And that word husbandry and housewifery, the thing that housewives do,
00:30:34.620so the weef, the hoose, the bondman, the kind of retained worker
00:30:39.200who's living in a house not not the kind of equal status and they don't mean the same thing but they
00:30:44.420mean the kind of the related activities this has to do with the running of the household but but
00:30:50.100more in the sense of the the kind of economic functioning as it were getting the stuff you need
00:30:55.400to live and run it running a house on it's funny then the housewifery eventually becomes
00:31:02.900reduced to you know cleaning and cooking and these these more domestic things but it it used
00:31:10.200to have a much broader meaning a kind of equivalent to husbandry to do with the kind of
00:31:15.400the the skill and knowledge and and how a you know social power needed to kind of not just
00:31:23.820generally a household it might be a very small household of two but but as everyone will know
00:31:28.480you know earlier on in history kind of bigger households with servants with children you know
00:31:34.760to run those things and you you even find men in the pastor letters those medieval letters sort of
00:31:40.680saying oh if you get a really good deal on some complicated sort of wood bargaining interaction
00:31:47.820are you're being great housewife they say to one another because it's got these kind of
00:31:52.660connotations of of being part of a kind of a system of kind of finance and economy and without
00:32:01.480the kind of the separate spheres obviously comes along a lot later and kind of starts to push these
00:32:08.680words in different directions but yeah you can think of husbandry and house for free who's one
00:32:14.260who's wife is the the the kind of pair at the start well and that's that's so fascinating to
00:32:21.100me i'd never heard any of that until i read your book and just the current contacts there's people
00:32:25.940who you know who want you know quote unquote a return to the role of the housewife or a traditional
00:32:31.340housewife and it's like well if we were doing that then if we're actually going back to the
00:32:36.380traditional housewife than what you were just saying it's like household management it's yeah
00:32:39.860yeah and maybe a bit closer to the sort of trad wives who are monetizing the business you know
00:32:45.760who are making a lot of money out of it because the idea you know that that's what all of this1.00
00:32:49.820early language acknowledges that there's a lot of kind of um economy even even even economy goes
00:32:56.700back to the idea of a kind of household in the greek and these these house whiffer is marjorie
00:33:04.180kemp that wonderful medieval mystic and traveler writes in her book about at the start about how
00:33:10.940she's going to try a new house whiffery a kind of new house whiffery and you think oh i wonder what
00:33:16.420what that is and it involves a mill and a horse and an employee and all sorts of things so so0.97
00:33:23.680housewifery yeah i'd you know the the trad wives gang need to kind of somehow recognize that the1.00
00:33:32.000housewives are that you do see the beat i mean there are certainly kind of gender segregated0.98
00:33:38.680employments and within household kind of gender segregated tasks but but there is definitely a
00:33:45.880kind of recognition of the importance of things like kind of bargaining money management supplies
00:33:52.080all of those those things no they're certainly not decorative these are kind of limited in what
00:33:58.700they do caxton has a lovely dialogue showing people how to kind of do certain kinds of public
00:34:04.520speaking and one of the the examples is is a housewife in a market out in public kind of
00:34:11.500bandying with all the stallholders and kind of getting the best deal it's that's a house
00:34:16.740actually is a kind of larger than life person beyond in history i like uh and just as a as a
00:34:23.560final question um just because the name of this podcast is vulgar history and i did choose it
00:34:29.380because of the several meanings of the word vulgar can you you do you mentioned in your book i was
00:34:36.300really excited that he talked about english um as a as the vulgar tongue can you explain that
00:34:41.860meaning of the word yeah and it comes to the idea that the sort of the the tongue of the common
00:34:48.140people vulgus and that it's it's there in that idea the word vernacular too that this is the
00:34:55.720the language that most people speak in a nation but not necessarily the language earlier on in
00:35:03.720in English as history, of education or of science,
00:35:07.440of knowledge, of law, things like that,1.00
00:35:31.500which you know often women are understood as the kind of first teachers of your language as you0.53
00:35:39.100grow up as a child and even when we get to the point of the first dictionaries being created for0.72
00:35:46.140for english on it on its own they say in their prefaces you know these might be useful for women
00:35:53.280who who will need to get a spin sometimes it's a bit of a kind of marketing spin because because
00:35:58.940then you don't have to say, and actually we know all the chaps whose Latin and French is not very
00:36:02.940good at the moment might find, oh, haven't got the kind of levels and education needed to kind
00:36:09.580of decode some of these words. But I was interested, yeah, you know, that question,
00:36:16.840feminist linguistics, you know, are we sort of excluded from this language despite ourselves
00:36:22.740somehow is is is it always going to be the kind of the oppressor's language somehow not quite if0.99
00:36:30.180you go back in the past it's had lots of associations with women in terms of teaching
00:36:36.680english and good speech and bad speech you know the gossipy speech and kind of uncontrolled speech0.98
00:36:44.160and speech outside of of institutions and establishments but also a kind of a speech that
00:36:51.220Because it's outside of those things, this is what I found so much as I was writing, is so kind of wild and unruly and surprising, kind of thinks on its feet.
00:37:01.040So, yeah, I like the idea of the, it is a kind of, I wanted to have both, the history of the kind of language that men use about women, but where I could find it, I wanted to find that kind of vulgar history.
00:37:15.400There's not much straight from the horse's mouth, but there are ways to kind of get back to it.
00:37:22.040When, say, in the Renaissance, physicians are writing for women, you start to kind of find some of these words that are not formal.
00:37:31.340What Le Guin calls the father's language, not the father's language, but what she calls the mother tongue.
00:37:38.700And that's why the book kind of has that name in a way, because I liked all those things coming together.
00:37:43.780and also just in the sense of you know the writing for the common people or the general public the
00:37:50.120book I think is very much written for an everyday audience you don't need to be a historian of
00:37:55.360linguistics to enjoy your book and I assume that was your intention because that's how it comes
00:37:59.660across yeah and it's I mean it's written much more in the voice I kind of teach it that was
00:38:07.080really fun so to try and be funny and to try and explain things and and I was I yeah I wanted it
00:38:14.020was kind of interesting to write because I wanted to explain a lot and I didn't you know as we've
00:38:19.680been talking about with hysteria or I didn't or which you know the history of witchcraft say I
00:38:25.180didn't just want to kind of give the kind of easy well-known version I mean I wanted it to be as
00:38:30.060as kind of up-to-date and scholarly in its knowledge but in its tone and its writing I
00:38:36.880wanted it to be like you know midway through a tutorial in Oxford when I've kind of lost the
00:38:42.740plot a bit and I'm just kind of talking about the stuff I'm interested in and I'm I'm from rather
00:38:47.680kind of humble common background really and I just talk in the in the kind of words that seem
00:38:52.580kind of clearest and most expressive and I make a lot of jokes when I teach and it was it was so
00:38:59.340wonderful to to have the opportunity to to write a book like this and um and have editors and and
00:39:07.380and presses that were could see the value of that that kind of balance between the the very kind of
00:39:13.720accurate informed stuff that's going on in there but but expressed in a way that that hopefully
00:39:20.520was was just really kind of joyful and clear and kind of easy to get in and out of i think
00:39:27.280I'm sure anyone listening to this can hear your passion and your joy for talking about this subject matter. And I think it's great when someone is, when someone is so, finds so much delight in talking about a subject to, to read a book that person has written just makes it more fun to read because it's, you're not just, you can tell how much fun you had putting this together.
00:39:46.200Yes. Yes. Even in the middle of a global pandemic in quite trying circumstances. But yeah, the book is, and I didn't, I mean, you must feel this, this too, that you don't want to kind of simply scold the past and tell the past off for being not as progressive as we are.
00:40:05.720I wanted to, you know, because I teach this really ancient, you know, old English, medieval English, students pitch up thinking, oh, no, what?
00:40:15.620But, you know, I wanted to kind of to show how much fun you could have with it.
00:40:20.880Definitely. And yeah, and I like the idea, you know, people have said that to me, this sort of book that you're reading and then you're kind of annoying the person next to you.
00:40:29.460Like, can I can I just tell you this thing that I just read?
00:40:33.340No, exactly. I have one of my co-workers, I get a ride home from work some days with her and I
00:40:38.060spent the whole commute just being like, and this? And did you know the history of the word husband?
00:40:41.940And did you know the history of the word vagina? I was just like this, like I couldn't stop telling0.77
00:40:45.320her all these fun facts. So yeah, it's that sort of book, definitely. So when this podcast comes
00:40:50.760out, the book will have just been published, I believe in North America, as well as, is it already
00:40:56.240out in the UK or is it coming out everywhere all at the same time? No, it's already been out. So I
00:41:00.980have two different publishers it's come out with virago that great feminist press and it came out
00:41:06.980in at the end of may in the the uk but yeah viking in the states at the end of august i've ended up
00:41:12.840with sort of two different dates but it's quite nice it spreads the fun well it keeps it going
00:41:18.500for you so you can keep talking about it with different people so i wanted to ask so if listeners
00:41:22.880are interested in you and your work do you have any i don't know do you have a website or are you
00:41:29.180on social media or anything where people can just see what you're doing? Yes, I'm on Twitter.
00:41:36.060I didn't get the memo that you should have a really easy to explain Twitter handle. I was
00:41:40.580just kind of somewhere else when that happened. So you can search for my name, but my Twitter
00:41:44.700handle is Stylisticien, which is just impossible. It's kind of she who studies stylistics in
00:41:51.360French. And I have a website, but the website is rather, before I started doing this, I was
00:41:57.980writing lots about kind of medieval poetry in its form so the website is is mostly that but i think
00:42:03.100the dying wastelands of twitter are currently the best place to find me and maybe
00:42:07.720if it just falls over completely that's what's interesting about recording these a bit earlier
00:42:15.000like if twitter still exists when this episode comes out that's where you'll be but it's good
00:42:20.320i'll put all the links to to your website and everything in the show notes so people can
00:42:24.160can track you down as well. Thank you so much for taking the time to talk to me about this.
00:42:29.480Like, as I said, when I heard about your book, I thought, oh, that sounds interesting. And then I
00:42:33.320read your book and I thought, oh, I really hope I get a chance to talk to Jenny about this because
00:42:37.240it just sounds like exactly the sort of thing that I think the listeners are so interested in.
00:42:41.720So I really appreciate you taking the time to talk to me.
00:42:44.720Well, thank you so much. It's been wonderful to talk.
00:42:46.800so again this wonderful book now available in north america and also other places i assume
00:42:57.600is called mother tongue and the surprising history of women's words by jenny
00:43:01.720nuttle and my name is ann foster and this is vulgar history feminist women's history
00:43:07.060comedy podcast sometimes i do interviews with authors like this sometimes it's just me talking
00:43:13.300sometimes it's me with a special guest you never know what you're gonna get with this podcast and
00:43:17.940that's how it is gonna always be so you know get on board that's what i'm doing anyway so you can
00:43:24.480keep up with me in this podcast at like god knows social media like what is even happening i am most
00:43:32.000active on instagram at vulgar history pod that's where you can find me but if you're using another
00:43:37.040social media thing like threads or blue sky or whatever like whatever like look at vulgar history
00:43:43.280I'm probably there and if I start seeing there's a lot of people there to interact with maybe I'll
00:43:47.400start being there more but at this point Instagram is where you can find me mostly and you can also
00:43:53.280get in touch with me I'm always excited if you have a book to recommend an author you think you'd
00:43:57.180like me to talk to or just honestly a book you think I'd like to read you can reach out to me
00:44:00.840in my dms or also if you go to vulgarhistory.com there's a contact form there or you can also
00:44:06.420email me at vulgarhistorypod at gmail.com I have merch available two different places if you're in
00:44:11.900the US. What tends to work best is if you go to vulgarhistory.com slash store, or if you're
00:44:17.740outside the US, shipping is better if you use the Redbubble store, which is vulgarhistory.redbubble.com.
00:44:23.880You know, in many places, we're getting ready for back to school season, which I personally think
00:44:28.340is a good time to get a sticker or a t-shirt that says scholarly and rambling, which is a thing that
00:44:33.920I was once accused of being. And you can get that at the merch store. Anyway, you can also support
00:44:38.020the podcast on patreon so if you go to patreon.com slash ann foster writer and if you just give like
00:44:44.600donate some money every month then you get different levels of bonus stuff so if you join
00:44:49.820the patreon for at least one dollar a month and you get early ad free access to all the episodes
00:44:53.740including older episodes and if you pledge at least five dollars or more a month then you get
00:44:58.120access to the ad free episodes as well as bonus episodes you can hear my episodes of so this0.94
00:45:03.120asshole where i just read men for filth the horrible men from history we also have vulgar0.53
00:45:08.280peace theater which are like three hour long episodes i do with my friends lana and allison0.98
00:45:12.520where we talk about costume dramas and most recently in terms of patreon there's also a
00:45:16.440discord so for everyone who joins at the five dollars or more level at patreon uh you get to
00:45:21.100join our the vulgar history salon which is a discord which is basically just like a big group
00:45:25.980chat lately and i don't know if it'll finish by the time you have this episode but uh one of our
00:45:30.740patreon members miguel has been running a sim that's like what if some of the greatest heroines
00:45:37.040of vulgar history were playing the tv reality show survivor and who would win and it's just
00:45:42.040been a really fun time anyway so you get access to all that if you join the patreon patreon.com
00:45:47.600and foster writer i do want to mention that if and when i get to 500 members of the patreon i
00:45:52.500will do a so this asshole episode on john knox but because that'll emotionally take a lot out
00:45:57.680of me you know i need to be persuaded anyway i think that's everything next week you're going
00:46:01.780to be back with a finale of the mary queen of scott season and i'll give you an update of what
00:46:06.300to expect next from this podcast so that's all coming up next week and until then everybody0.93
00:46:11.860keep your pants on and your tits out vulgar history is hosted written and researched by0.96
00:46:18.680ann foster and edited by christina lumagi0.99
00:46:27.680Legendary stories, awe-inspiring sound, and endless adventure.
00:46:36.000Welcome to the Realms of Peril and Glory.
00:46:42.100Explore the mechanically magical vistas of Vale,
00:46:46.920the paranormal mysteries of Liminal London,
00:48:39.340The world of Sonic the Hedgehog has been thrust into a not-so-dark, not-so-stormy, hard-boiled detective story that probably nobody saw coming.
00:48:52.000Follow Sonic and the Intrepid Chaotic's detective agency as they take on their biggest case yet.
00:48:58.000This high-flying, action-packed adventure will take them across the world,
00:49:03.000fighting for every clue they can find.