00:07:43.160And there's so much history in New Brunswick.
00:07:46.000Like, first of all, starting with the fact that New Brunswick is on the traditional unceded territory of the Walastawi'ik Maliseet.
00:07:55.800And also is covered by the Treaties of Peace and Friendship, which Walastawi'ik Maliseet, Mi'kmaq, and Passamaquoddy peoples first signed with the British crown in 1726.
00:08:05.620So that is the history of, like, there's been people living there for ages.
00:08:09.080and that's because there's like really good farming land there and it's just a good place
00:08:12.540to kind of set up a city. And when the French colonists came over, that's kind of where they
00:08:18.220set up shop in the first place. Later, after the American Revolution, if you watched Outlander,
00:08:24.620do you remember when Outlander, which is what I call the man, the red-haired man, he and his wife,
00:08:30.240they came over from the highlands of Scotland to America to fight in the American Revolution?
00:08:34.980That was my ancestors on my mother's side. They came over from the highlands of Scotland to
00:08:38.740fighting the American Revolution on the red coat side. When they lost, they were called the
00:08:44.320loyalists because they were loyal to the British crown. They went up to New Runswick. And that is
00:08:49.340where my mother's family's ancestors were from. But before they were there, the French were there0.97
00:08:56.420for quite a while. And that is the era we're talking about. And that is the story where the0.98
00:09:01.220story of Madame Latour takes place. So Françoise Marie Jacqueline, aka Madame Latour. And the
00:09:07.060information that i got about her is from wikipedia which had a pretty solid entry about her as well
00:09:13.080as an entry in the canadian encyclopedia john wood's blog the parks canada website and the
00:09:18.500dictionary of canadian biography so she's totally iconic you have to stan um and i did mention like
00:09:25.640that the indigenous people who were in this area before the friend showed up and we're still there
00:09:30.300when the friend showed up they're not really in this story this is a story of white on white
00:09:35.460violence. And you might expect it's going to be a story of French on British or British on French
00:09:42.420violence, but it's actually French on French violence. So Madame Latour, whose name, like we're
00:09:49.120going to call her Jacqueline, Françoise Marie Jacqueline, we'll call her Jacqueline. She was born
00:09:54.400and baptized on July 18th, 1621 in Nogent-le-Vertroux in Northern France. Yes, she was from France. So
00:10:03.220this is the time period where France was sending people from France over into these new colonies
00:10:10.000that they were starting up on the east coast of Canada. It's kind of like, if you remember when,
00:10:17.060just because a lot of people listen to this, maybe are American or familiar with American history,
00:10:21.520like, you know, the Puritans came over from England to North America, but they were like
00:10:27.100still the subjects of the English king. And then eventually, you know, American Revolution, etc.
00:10:33.220they became their own country so at this point the french colonies in north america were very
00:10:39.320much just like le petite france like they were still cool with the french king like people are
00:10:44.860going back and forth a lot between france and then what they call new france eventually like
00:10:49.880within a few generations the communities that were developing in the east coast of canada would
00:10:55.300develop their own culture separate from france and those are the acadians but that's still in
00:11:01.840feature of this, like this is still, people were very much just like French from France was their
00:11:06.920vibe. And she was literally in France. She was born in France. She was the daughter of Jacques
00:18:10.100sort of illness, but you know what? Maybe he was poisoned. It's that kind of story.
00:18:13.600and the amicable relationship these two shared did not extend to his successor,
00:18:18.440Charles de Menoud Darnay. So, you know, I'm just going to say like these two were getting along
00:18:26.940and things are cool. And then the successor, Charles de Menoud Darnay did not get along. So
00:18:31.260it's like, what did Razeli die of? I don't know. But if I was investigating, I would look at Charles
00:18:36.860de Menoud Darnay because he came in and he had a lot to gain from this. Charles Latour had a lot
00:18:41.480to lose. So 1639, Charles de la Tour's Mi'kmaq wife, again name unknown, died and he was left
00:18:49.200with three daughters. He needed a male heir to bolster his claim, his claim to like be the0.83
00:18:54.060governor in charge of Acadia. So he set about contracting for a new wife, which is how you0.70
00:18:59.820got a wife in those times. And then, I don't know, his scouts or somebody or a friend of a friend0.64
00:19:05.400was like, oh, hey, I know a cool person. And the person he chose was our heroine, 18-year-old
00:19:10.920Françoise Marie Jacqueline back in France. So this was like, great, let's do it up. Let's get
00:19:16.880these two people married. Let's send her from France to New France. So there was a marriage1.00
00:19:20.260contract done up, which authorized Jacqueline to keep all her property and anything that she
00:19:24.960might inherit. She was entitled to a half share of anything she or her husband acquired during
00:19:29.320their marriage. And as a widow, she would be entitled to half her husband's estate with an0.60
00:19:33.860inheritance fund, and she would be the guardian of any children. This is a solid marriage contract.
00:19:39.240she had a good lawyer. So she arrived in Port Royal, June 1640, got married to Charles de
00:19:44.780Latour, and they moved to Fort St. Marie. And she gave birth to a son, presumably nine months later.
00:19:50.860And then she turns from Jacqueline into Action Jacqueline. So July 1640, Charles de Latour
00:19:57.900and his nemesis, Charles de Manoux d'Hornay, began a series of violent and costly confrontations that
00:20:03.840will last for the next five years. Five years. Just Charles. It's not just white on white
00:20:09.240violence. It's Charles on Charles violence. And it's because both of them had been told that0.85
00:20:14.400they could be in charge of this whole area, which was like a prestigious job. They've got a lot of
00:20:18.580money. They've both been told that they could be in charge. They could not both be in charge. They
00:20:21.880could not work together. So five years of war, apparently. Hostilities continued to escalate.
00:20:28.300In 1642, Dornay managed to, because of his friends in important places, like I guess Cardinal Richelieu, got Charles Latour charged with treason and disrespect to the French crown.
00:20:41.300So this meant Charles Latour knew that if he was to return to France, he would be imprisoned.
00:20:46.920So instead, he sent his wife, Action Jacqueline, to France to plead his case to the king, which is, she's like in her early 20s.
00:20:53.600Like, the amount of faith he put in her really speaks to how convincing he knew she would be, how kind of tough he knew she could be, how strong and how well spoken. So we don't know a lot about Jacqueline, but like the fact that he sent her just gives us a clue of how much he relied on her and how she was kind of pretty great.
00:21:40.400She went over there, a woman, in her early 20s, from this small village in France, and they were like, you know what, great points, I get it, and we agree with you.
00:21:49.800In fact, Jacqueline was given permission to return to Acadia with a warship filled with supplies for Fort Latour at St. John Harbor.
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00:25:05.900So things were cool there for a while.
00:25:07.560Two years later, she sailed again to France.
00:25:10.300But Darnay had been scheming, and this time she found that Charles was, again,
00:25:15.500completely discredited at court owing to the charges brought by Darnay.
00:25:19.180So despite the fact that she herself was forbidden to leave France,
00:25:24.340like she wasn't allowed to return because I guess I was part of this whole,
00:25:27.640shenanigans, Jacqueline borrowed money from friends and escaped to England. Like this action
00:25:33.900hero, Jacqueline. She escaped to England where she bought supplies and chartered a ship to
00:25:39.640carry her back to the St. John River. This trip lasted six months. The ship's commander sucked.
00:25:46.020His name was Captain Bailey. And she's just like, this is a fairly urgent trip we're on. I'm action0.97
00:25:51.120Jacqueline. Like, can we get back there really quickly? My husband's kind of in trouble. And
00:25:56.120Captain Bailey was like, yeah, sure, but first I'm going to stop on the Grand Banks to fish.
00:26:01.740What? So anyway, eventually, off of Cap Le Sable, the vessel was stopped by Darnay.
00:26:10.280Jacqueline hid inside and escaped detection, so she was not found. And the ship carried on
00:26:15.700to Boston for some reason. And it landed in Boston. Captain Bailey, like, what are you up to,
00:26:21.160Captain Bailey, went to Boston, and then she sued him for unnecessary delay and also for not taking
00:26:27.000her to where she wanted to go, which was the St. John River, as he had agreed to take her. And then
00:26:32.580she won the settlement. She won 2,000 livres, I want to say, is the currency, which would be like
00:26:38.600a lot of money back then. And in fact, it was enough money for her to hire three ships to evade0.77
00:26:44.740the blockade Darnay was maintaining at St. John Harbor, and she arrived home in the closing days
00:26:49.840of 1644 after all this stuff. She's like in her early twenties. Like this is like pirate queen
00:26:57.200level shenanigans. Anyway, Darnay not taking no for an answer. He launched an unsuccessful attack
00:27:04.560at Fort Latour early in the new year. And then shortly afterwards, Charles Latour. So because
00:27:11.120France was mad at him, like remember Jacqueline had to like go through England and stuff and
00:27:15.200that's where she got supplies from. So Latour was cut off from supplies from France. So his people
00:27:18.900needed food. They needed stuff. They needed supplies. So he decided to go to Boston to ask
00:27:24.140the English who were there to help him out. So he left. Action Jacqueline slash Madame Latour is left
00:27:31.680in charge because who's more capable than her, obviously. But word spread that he had left the
00:27:38.620fort and that there was only 45 men left. And Darnay found out about it. So he decided to attack
00:27:44.880again. So he arrived at the St. John River on April 13th with 200 men versus the 45 men plus
00:27:50.840Jacqueline who were inside the fortress. He sent an emissary carrying a summons to surrender,
00:27:57.100which I guess is just like a letter or a scroll being like, dude, just surrender. Jacqueline
00:28:02.160promptly dismissed this and she assumed command of the fort and was determined to fight if she must.
00:28:08.320Because she, like, no one's going to invade her fort, her husband's fort. There was a battle
00:28:13.040that raged for three days. She was like the military leader on her side. To last for three
00:28:17.540days when she had 45 men against 200 just kind of speaks to how good she was as a commander.
00:28:23.780The Dr. W. F. Ganong, who is a 20th, I think, century historian, described this as the most
00:28:31.320dramatic event in the history of New Brunswick. So casualties were relatively heavy on both sides
00:28:38.820and the action continued over four days. And these four days were Easter weekend, like Easter Sunday
00:28:44.640was the fourth day of the siege. And on that day, Darnay's bombardment, like his guns or cannons or
00:28:50.860whatever, managed to knock out a portion of the fort's parapet. So the like part of the roof or
00:28:57.300the top upper wall area. And so he'd been able to land a force of men with two cannons on that
00:29:02.900parapet. So allegedly, a Swiss mercenary at the fort called Hans Vanier allowed the land force
00:29:11.240to creep up the walls of the fortification while its defenders were resting and holding Easter
00:29:15.220service. Not cool, bro. Like invading, like this, these are all Catholic people. It's French people,
00:29:21.260French people. Anyway, so the noise of the storming of these people coming up the parapet1.00
00:29:25.860alerted the garrison and they rushed out of their, I guess, chapel to defend their post.
00:29:30.020And then like Dalnae's people are like in the fortress. So there's like hand to hand combat. And again, losses on both sides were heavy. Like they've been fighting for four days. Finally, Dalnae called off his men and said that like, if she would surrender, he would be cool. And he wouldn't, like everybody could stay on his team. He wouldn't, you know, do anything punishy to anybody if she would just give up.
00:29:53.280And so her small squad was reduced by casualties. Like she started off with 45. I don't know how many are left. It's like, um, I feel like 10 people. Anyway, so she was just like, yeah, bro, like this is hopeless. And she ordered her men to surrender. She's like, okay, like, this is fine. Like we will capitulate.
00:30:13.160And then we may never have a clear view of what happened next, but various accounts agree in general with the substance of what I'm about to tell you, which is that Darnay was a fucking liar.0.99
00:30:28.800He went back on his word, disregarded the terms of surrender and being gentlemanly and being cool with each other.0.98
00:30:36.160And he ordered that all the people from Jacqueline's team be arrested. A gallows, a stage for hanging people on, was erected and all of the soldiers captured were hanged, except for one man whose name was Andre Bernard, who agreed to be the executioner of all the others.
00:30:56.240Jacqueline was forced to watch all the men to watch all these hangings with a rope around her
00:31:01.100own neck. She was not hanged, but she herself died three weeks later, age something like 23.
00:31:08.220She died of what? Broken heart of being killed, being poisoned by Darnay.
00:31:18.640I don't know that that didn't happen. Anyway, she was a hero. She fought until the very end.
00:31:25.040he tricked her. Darnay sucks. Jacqueline's amazing. So she, and she was from France,1.00
00:31:30.780you know, like she was from France and she had spent five years in Acadia, like in New France,
00:31:34.880but her position in the history of Canada is, is an iconic heroine. Like my mother who learned
00:31:41.660about her growing up in New Brunswick, like, I don't even know, 60 years ago, it was like,
00:31:46.140Madame Latour. She's like, that was a cool person. She defended somewhere. She did something good.
00:31:50.480like presumably people in New Brunswick still know her name um she was the first European woman to
00:31:56.800have lived made a home and raised a family in New Brunswick is part of her significance um to quote
00:32:02.640one of the sources I read neither the perils of the sea the dangers of war nor the horrors of a
00:32:07.220long siege could still her courage hell yeah like she's amazing like here truly was the most
00:32:13.620remarkable woman in Acadia's early history. And so the Acadians is a cultural group of people that
00:32:23.780sort of developed the longer French people from France were living in East Coast Canada. Like
00:32:29.640they developed their own cultural identity as the Acadians. And so she is sometimes seen as a
00:32:33.580heroine of the Acadians. So Fort Latour, the fort itself was destroyed at an unknown date in the
00:32:40.76017th or early 18th century um it has been rebuilt as sort of like a living museum that you can visit
00:32:46.660in saint john new brunswick and it was designated a national historic set of canada in 1923 and when
00:32:52.480you look up about it or when i looked up about it in the last couple years there was a production
00:32:56.860of macbeth like the shakespeare play on site in fort latour which the people who are putting on
00:33:03.740the production were saying part of it is just like the history of this place like the murder
00:33:07.080and death that happened here. The amazing, iconic woman leader that has reverberations
00:33:14.120with the story of Macbeth. I think it would be so cool to have seen that play done there.
00:33:18.300Anyway, that is the saga of Madame Latour, aka, to me, Action Jacqueline. There's not a Canadian0.98
00:33:26.440heritage minute of her, as far as I know. She's not on a stamp, but she is commemorated clearly
00:33:34.360is a heroine of New Banzo people that I know about her. I think that in terms of a Canadian
00:33:42.200cultural identity, like this is a country, the country we live in now, for better or worse,
00:33:47.220was founded on the genocide of the indigenous people, obviously. And the people who came over1.00
00:33:52.920here from Europe, mostly British and or French people. And the people who came here and could
00:33:59.180like survive and thrive where people like it's cold in winter like it's snowy here like you need
00:34:05.060to have some real fortitude to make a go of it in this country if you're not from here if you're not
00:34:09.520used to these conditions Jacqueline I think is a real Canadian heroine in that way like she just
00:34:15.680like whatever was thrown at her she took it she dealt with it she she turned it around she like
00:34:21.820won so many things like she was convincing she was badass and she never stopped fighting until
00:34:27.940she was lied to, but she also was kind of like, we're never going to win. Let's just see what I
00:34:34.040can figure out for my guys. And she had to watch them all be killed. Anyway, it's a tragedy. It's0.97
00:34:39.220also an exciting story because in terms of the history of Eastern Nova Scotia, so in Eastern
00:34:45.500Canada, so in Nova Scotia, Henry Longfellow wrote a poem called Evangeline, which is about an
00:34:50.900Acadian woman. And she sort of like had a lover. Anyway, it's like a tragic love story. And it's
00:34:57.540kind of like there's a statue of evangeline i think it's at port royal in nova scotia and she's
00:35:01.780kind of like remembered as this heroine of the acadians as she should be like it's an iconic
00:35:05.260fictional character from a poem about a woman who was kind of sad bad things happened to her
00:35:10.140madame latour like this is the woman who there should be statues of she should be on a stamp
00:35:16.520frankly like i think i just i love the story of her i love the way that she stepped up i love that
00:35:22.640there are women like this in canadian history and there are women like this in canada right now0.83
00:35:26.840and I hope that we're all going to vote for anyone except for goddamn Pierre in this election that's0.98
00:35:33.740coming up. Anyway, these are the Canadian Heritage Minutes. It's been a podcast. My name is Anne0.98
00:35:38.160Foster. On Wednesday, there's going to be a new episode of Vulgar History, the main podcast that
00:35:43.340I do. But I keep finding iconic women from Canadian history and I need to tell you about
00:35:49.540them because I'm excited about Canadian history for maybe the first time in my life. And this
00:35:56.660is startling to me but exciting and interesting and anyway elbows up tits out hands on and i'll0.98
00:36:05.960talk to you all next time vulgar history is researched written and hosted by ann foster0.90
00:36:13.140that's me the editor is christina lumagi theme music is by the severin duo the vulgar history
00:36:20.080show image is by deborah wong transcripts are written by avilene malik ready to take your
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