Vulgar History - Canadian History (part 5)： The First Jew In Canada Was Trans

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00:00:13.500 your next move tomorrow. Hello and welcome to Vulgar History's Canadian Heritage.

00:00:29.740 Minutes. My name is Anne Foster, and we're going to be talking about some Jewish Canadian 0.91

00:00:37.380 trans history today, which I'm excited about. I really can't overestimate or overdescribe

00:00:47.380 how bizarre it is to me to suddenly be so excited about Canadian history. I've always been a person

00:00:53.180 who's really into history. Since I remember being a really little kid, reading an I Can Read book

00:00:58.120 about like Pompeii and like King Tut and stuff and just like loving reading about people in the

00:01:03.240 past and all that stuff. Canadian history was just never something that I was excited about.

00:01:09.300 Although I will say like, I love going to visit like Lewisburg, the living fortress in Cape

00:01:14.880 Breton in Nova Scotia. You know, I like the vibes of history. I grew up in Halifax, Nova Scotia,

00:01:20.040 where there's a lot of history vibes. There's, you know, some of the oldest buildings in Canada

00:01:23.820 are there but like the people of canadian history i just hadn't come across people who i found

00:01:30.340 interesting and that that has changed i like with the whole elbows up movement with just like this

00:01:35.900 whole canadian pride thing going on i was like why don't i do more episodes of my women's history

00:01:41.920 podcast about canadian women and i've i've just i've never done a sort of deep dive to really

00:01:48.780 find these interesting people and i will say that people are also suggesting thank you people who

00:01:53.240 suggesting people that I should cover for this podcast, which leads me to an exciting announcement,

00:01:57.800 which is that, so this episode of Canadian Heritage Minutes is going to be, well, in some ways,

00:02:05.400 it's going to be kind of the last one. It's going to be the last one for a while, because on the

00:02:08.460 main Vulgar History podcast, I'm pivoting, I'm getting into season seven, part three, we've been

00:02:14.820 talking about the French, or various revolutions, but we're going to be talking about women of the

00:02:18.200 French Revolution, and we're going to focus just on that. So it's not going to be Canadian Heritage

00:02:21.700 minutes on Fridays for a little bit. But Canadian heritage minutes continue on. So for the time

00:02:27.200 being, I'm going to be talking about Canadian history. And these are going to be episodes

00:02:31.480 available on my Patreon feed for people who are at the $1 a month or more level. And if you're

00:02:36.240 like, but Canadian history should be free for all. And like, it will be. I'm just going to be putting

00:02:41.020 it on Patreon for now so that the main feed is just, you know, focusing just on the French

00:02:45.740 revolution. The Canadian history stuff will be coming out later. But the way that my Patreon

00:02:50.960 works it's just for people who join the patreon for a dollar or more a month they get early ad

00:02:56.800 free access to all my episodes and so that's how you can continue like with the canadian history

00:03:01.660 vibe for the time being until i'm able to put those out for free and i'm hoping i'm planning

00:03:10.660 that i think i might start a new podcast feed just for the canadian history just to be its own show

00:03:15.460 so i'm not sure i'm going to be recording them because i'm full of canadian patriotism and i

00:03:20.260 really want to share these stories they're going to live on patreon for now and then once i figure

00:03:24.480 out where they can go to just be available for free for people then they'll show up and you can

00:03:29.880 listen to them so just like stay tuned so i'm i'm not going anywhere the canadian history is going

00:03:34.500 live on patreon for a bit and then it will come back with a vengeance and in a in a really um

00:03:40.140 more sustainable way i think i'm gonna treat it as its own series i think i'm gonna do stuff at

00:03:45.860 the end like i'll have a canadian scoring mechanism on the regular vulgar history episodes if if

00:03:53.220 you've not heard them at the end of each episode i score each of the women i profile on four

00:03:57.640 categories just to just as a way to sort of wrap it up and to sort of like make it all feel like

00:04:02.620 a series and i think i'm going to come up with canadian categories to judge the canadian people

00:04:06.800 on so anyway exciting stuff is coming canadian history is not going anywhere and i'm just finding

00:04:11.660 way to make it be sustainable without taking away from the main vulgar history feed blah blah blah

00:04:16.420 anyway today we're talking about Esther Brando and my sources for this are Wikipedia as ever

00:04:24.540 as well as the biography of Esther Brando from the Canadian Encyclopedia of Biography

00:04:29.840 this particular entry is by Gaston Tisdall and I did mention that this is well it's obviously

00:04:37.160 it's Jewish history this is a Jewish person this is the story of the first Jewish person to come

00:04:41.260 to Canada. But then also, this is trans history. And I just want to explain my understanding

00:04:49.300 of just kind of that concept. So my main understanding of trans history comes from

00:04:56.640 my friend, friend of the podcast, Dr. Kit Ham, who is a researcher who does trans awareness

00:05:04.380 training. Kit has written a book called Before We Were Trans, which is a history of what it

00:05:11.140 means to be trans and that book was really important for me to kind of understand this

00:05:13.880 whole concept but basically as kit said the concept of kind of like women wearing trousers

00:05:19.960 kit says like this is it's kind of a gray area it's a key place where women's history and trans

00:05:25.100 history cross over i'm just looking at this email from kit so i can describe this properly

00:05:32.000 but basically for kit they say for me if it's a history that shows us gender can be played with

00:05:38.600 challenged and separated from the body, it's trans history, as well as everything else that

00:05:42.740 might be. And so this story of Esther Brando, it's, I'm going to use she, her pronouns, like

00:05:48.160 this is a story of a person who, of a woman who disguised herself as a man in order to do some

00:05:54.580 stuff that women couldn't usually do. And as soon as she was able to, she came clean about who she

00:06:00.800 was. It's trans history because it shows that gender can be challenged, et cetera. And that is

00:06:06.180 why I'm categorizing it as such. And anyway, set the scene. Jewish people in 18th century Europe

00:06:12.920 and European colonies. So we've talked about on Vulgar History in a few episodes. We've

00:06:19.660 touched upon some of the challenges faced by Jewish people in Christian Europe, and then also

00:06:25.160 countries like Spain and France and England started colonies in North America, and they 0.93

00:06:31.300 brought their cultural um beliefs and bigotry over there with them so jewish people have been 0.65

00:06:38.940 part of european countries colonizing canadian areas since or north american the americas for

00:06:46.880 the whole time so 1492 was the year that the spanish monarchs expelled jewish people from

00:06:53.140 their lands um it's also same year that christopher columbus took his voyage across the atlantic and

00:06:57.620 several Jewish people were on that, were in that group. One person in this party, Louis de Torres,

00:07:04.680 has been identified as the first white man to walk upon the new world. And he was a Jewish person.

00:07:10.160 New France, the colonies being set up by France were very much like these colonies are Catholic 0.85

00:07:16.580 and that's what's happening. Like there's not tolerance for any other religions really. 0.91

00:07:20.820 In contrast, the English colonies in America provided a relatively tolerant environment for

00:07:27.580 Jewish people as early as the 17th century, partially due to the English acquisition of

00:07:33.180 New Netherland, which was a colony. So English ruled there and they said that there's already

00:07:39.580 Jewish people in New Netherland and the English said that they could continue to keep the rights

00:07:43.740 they enjoyed under Dutch rule. Now that they were under English rule, Jewish people in the

00:07:47.900 English colonies established themselves as successful military commanders, merchants,

00:07:51.300 or public servants, but not in France. So in 1733, a group of openly Jewish settlers had already

00:07:58.240 helped to establish the English colony of Georgia. By 1738, the year our story takes place,

00:08:04.880 New France was one of the last places that Jewish people ever set foot in the Americas because

00:08:09.320 the colony of New France was officially closed to all non-Catholics. So this is also a story of

00:08:16.840 the intersection of anti-Semitism and also misogyny.

00:08:21.020 So what's happening for women in France in 1738? 0.87

00:08:26.900 So in New France, women had more options of things to do 1.00

00:08:30.180 just because everybody, it was like all hands on deck situation. 1.00

00:08:34.660 Like people, they had to help with the farms,

00:08:36.340 they had to do what they were doing.

00:08:37.940 Like everybody had to help out in the colony of New France. 0.94

00:08:41.460 In France, France, there was a gender disparity 1.00

00:08:44.560 and women's activities were more strictly controlled. 0.97

00:08:48.320 But in New France, 0.97

00:08:49.940 because of the gender disparity that existed in the colony, 0.57

00:08:54.220 a wife is still subject to her husband's wishes. 0.98

00:08:56.420 So women in New France could do a bit more 0.90

00:08:58.120 than women in France, 1.00

00:08:59.100 but they're still under their husband's control, basically. 0.99

00:09:03.320 A woman in New France could be expected to be married

00:09:06.160 by the time she was a teenager or in her early 20s,

00:09:09.340 which was much younger

00:09:10.220 than the average marriage age in France.

00:09:12.460 Her husband's probably going to be a decade older.

00:09:14.960 The only grounds for separation was that of financial matters.

00:09:18.440 There have been recorded cases of domestic abuse in New France as well. 0.94

00:09:22.340 It was not like, oh, yay, like a great place for women to go.

00:09:25.400 But like a bit more options than especially lower class women would have had in France. 0.97

00:09:31.520 From a religious perspective, gender roles persisted.

00:09:35.240 Men were expected to be more sexually voracious.

00:09:40.200 women were revered for their sexual purity. And so just kind of really those sorts of like strict

00:09:45.880 gender roles and gender understandings is what was going on in France and also New France, 0.89

00:09:50.120 which brings us to Esther Brando. Esther was born around 1718, probably at Saint-Denis-le-les-Bayon,

00:09:58.300 near Bayon in the Diocese of Dax in France. At this time, Jewish people in France were subject

00:10:04.240 to expulsion. And women's lives were also limited by gender roles. So she had like two things

00:10:10.820 getting the way of her truly thriving in her life, her religion, and also her sex. So she, 0.99

00:10:18.680 and we know in her own words, because for reasons you'll understand, she got to tell her own story

00:10:23.420 later. Esther described her youth as follows. She was a daughter of David Brando, a merchant

00:10:29.780 of St. Esprit near Bayon. Around 1733, her parents put her on a Dutch ship to send her to her brother

00:10:36.920 and one of her aunts at Amsterdam. The ship was wrecked. She was saved by one of the crew and was

00:10:42.120 given shelter by a woman named Catherine Churiot, a resident of Biarritz. It was from this time that

00:10:47.920 she decided to wear male clothes. So like already an exciting early life ship based. Like, all right, 1.00

00:10:57.700 it's not just kind of like oh no it's not like yentl where she's like oh i'm like a woman living

00:11:01.480 in this like conservative jewish place with like strict gender roles she's already kind of like 0.60

00:11:06.860 like in a shipwreck like she's just like you know what like let's just let's just do her own thing 0.91

00:11:13.160 so she was given shelter by this woman catherine churio who um offered her pork which is not

00:11:21.440 a thing that jewish people eat but and other kinds of meat that were forbidden to jewish people

00:11:26.540 and Esther was just like you know what I like this this food tastes good um I I'm cool with

00:11:33.040 pork and I she was like I'm not gonna return to my parents house I want to have the same liberty

00:11:39.160 that the Christians have I want to yeah she's like I'm Jewish but like religiously she's Jewish

00:11:45.180 but she wanted to be able to have more freedom I guess in her life and what she wanted to do

00:11:50.580 so she then led what is described here as a somewhat unsettled existence she was just kind

00:11:57.360 of like vibes based so she's she disguised herself as a boy because boys were able to

00:12:03.720 do more things than young girls were so she became a ship's boy at bordeaux an errand boy

00:12:08.980 for a tailor at ren a domestic in the service of the recolettes at clise 0.73

00:12:13.440 a jerk for a baker at Saint-Milou and the servants she worked for a person called Sir

00:12:20.400 La Chapelle she was an infantry captain so she like joined the army at Vitray she was arrested 0.98

00:12:27.120 for theft at Noiselle near Nantes and finally she was hired at La Rochelle as a ship's boy on a ship 0.99

00:12:33.060 called Saint-Michel which was bound for Canada so she's just like if you've listened to Bulgar

00:12:38.760 history, my main podcast. I did, I think, three episodes about a person, about a trans person,

00:12:45.980 who is known alternately as Antonio de Arauzo and Catalina de Arauzo, who had a similar sort

00:12:52.240 of trajectory of just kind of like ship's boy working in various different places, like going

00:12:58.320 town to town, just like getting employment as a boy. Anyway, Esther eventually was bound for Canada.

00:13:04.080 so she used a variety of aliases during this time different boys names i believe christian

00:13:09.680 boys names and by the time she's going to canada she's going by the incredible name

00:13:13.400 jacques lafargue and so she arrived in canada september 1738 now this is where it's like

00:13:21.220 let's make a movie of this story let's write a novel about this story like what happened here

00:13:26.260 so after a brief masquerade esther's religion and sex were both discovered so how did that come

00:13:35.300 about i don't know but somehow people realized that esther was female um and esther revealed 0.83

00:13:45.440 that she was jewish because she as we're gonna see like she owned that part of her identity how 0.62

00:13:51.880 how was her sex discovered? Unclear, unknown. So she was not a Catholic. She was a Jewish person

00:13:59.740 and Lili, like New France was Catholic. You had to be Catholic to live there. And so she was 0.97

00:14:05.180 arrested on the orders of Gilles Rocart, Intendant of New France and taken to the

00:14:10.480 general hospital in Quebec city because there wasn't a woman's prison for her to be sent to

00:14:16.740 because there wasn't a woman's prison. 1.00

00:14:19.680 There wasn't, women there weren't doing crimes. 1.00

00:14:23.160 And she, they wouldn't send her to a men's prison. 1.00

00:14:25.840 So she sent to the hospital.

00:14:28.140 On September 15th, the commissary of Meereen,

00:14:32.360 a person called Varenne, subjected her to an interrogation,

00:14:35.480 which is how we know what she said about her life.

00:14:38.000 This is where we get her claims of what her life was like.

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00:17:14.800 So on April 21st, 1739, and so this is like, she's been, she's been there for like months and months and months.

00:17:21.260 So the minister wrote, following these conversations,

00:17:25.160 I do not know whether one can trust implicitly the declaration made by the so-called Esther Brando.

00:17:30.740 like she had been living so just kind of like changing her name changing her appearance like

00:17:36.880 just going place to place it's like does she does she even know who she is anymore you know like

00:17:41.560 when she tells her life story it's not believable because it's so wild so this was basically the 0.99

00:17:48.380 fact that she was a jewish woman who had snuck her way into new france this was embarrassing 0.93

00:17:54.540 to the intendant, intendant Hocard of this place, because it was supposed to be a Catholic 0.95

00:18:01.220 colony, like she had snuck in. And he was just like, what do I do? I don't know what to do.

00:18:05.900 There's a Jewish woman here. This is a Catholic colony. What's up? So he sought instructions from 1.00

00:18:10.920 the minister and he wrote, since her arrival at Quebec, her conduct has been fairly restrained.

00:18:16.380 She appears desirous of being converted to Catholicism. And so the minister replied,

00:18:20.980 I shall be very gratified to learn of her conversion. You must furthermore treat her

00:18:24.280 in accordance with the way she behaves in the colony. So at this point, she was saying,

00:18:29.400 or she was claiming, or they assumed that she would convert to be a Catholic. And then it's

00:18:34.760 like, cool, you can stay here and be converted. Like you could be a Catholic woman and like live

00:18:39.560 in New France and I don't know, probably marry some guy and like stay here and that's fine.

00:18:44.680 but her apparently restrained conduct and his like the minister kind of thinking like oh she's

00:18:52.700 okay did not last long on september 27th 1739 hawkard wrote she is so flighty that she has

00:19:00.140 been unable to adapt herself either in the hospital or in several other houses her conduct 0.93

00:19:04.820 has not been precisely bad but she is so fickle that at different times she has been as much

00:19:09.780 receptive as hostile to the instructions that zealous ecclesiastics have attempted to give her

00:19:14.160 I have no alternative but to send her away. So she was kind of being nice, like playing the game,

00:19:22.700 being like, yeah, sure. I'll like become a Catholic or whatever. And then eventually she's

00:19:27.100 just like, fuck that. No, like, I'm not going to do that. Like I'm Esther Brando. Like this is me 1.00

00:19:32.720 taking or leave it basically. But also she's been in this hospital for, for several months. Like

00:19:38.020 maybe she's just over it. She's just like, you know what, New France, not the place for me.

00:19:42.740 so basically a non-catholic immigrant in new france like it's just not allowed like she was 0.97

00:19:50.280 jewish she could have been like a protestant would have been treated the same way like basically all

00:19:55.640 you could do if you were not a catholic and you're in new france is you could either be converted to 0.57

00:19:59.520 become a catholic or you'd be deported um and so they decided because she was not agreeing to be

00:20:06.640 converted, she'd be deported. So this became an official matter. Even the king was involved in

00:20:13.120 it because he was very, you know, he wanted to know what was going on in New France and it was

00:20:17.480 important to him that it be like a Catholic colony. And so it was decided that the government

00:20:21.660 would pay for Esther's return to France. The king wrote, Esther is being sent back to France

00:20:28.000 on the execution of my orders, wrote the king. And after this, we don't hear any more about Esther

00:20:33.040 Brando. So presumably she got back on the ship in autumn of 1739. Presumably she landed back in

00:20:40.060 France. And we don't know what she did next. So she had ultimately been in New France for a year,

00:20:46.160 only a year. And like what a year it was. Like it caught the attention of the highest authorities,

00:20:51.640 like the king. She was the first Jewish person at the time, perhaps the only one to set foot in

00:20:57.140 the colony of new france slash i would say of like what is now canada so her legacy her story

00:21:06.040 has inspired novelists scholars script writers and performance artists to create different pieces

00:21:10.060 about her life because there's so much unknown like it's just like this is an interesting

00:21:14.600 individual what did she do before what was she like as a person what did she do after i'm like

00:21:22.100 I can see where lots of people wanted to explore this story.

00:21:25.460 There are three novels about her.

00:21:27.580 A Juive en Nouvelle France by Pierre Lassery,

00:21:30.680 Esther by Sharon E. McKay,

00:21:33.060 and The Tale Teller by Susan Glickman.

00:21:37.080 And in terms of the performance artists,

00:21:39.760 so a poet scholar named Heather Hermant

00:21:42.060 created a piece known as Rube Cage,

00:21:44.600 This Wide Passage about Esther.

00:21:47.360 So Rube Cage, This Wide Passage,

00:21:48.880 highlights Esther's experience multi-crossing

00:21:51.160 from a Jewish female passing as a Christian male in the 18th century. The predominant theme of the

00:21:56.640 performance is, quote, multi-crossing, which suggests one who passes across gender, religion,

00:22:01.380 geographies, some of what Esther experienced on her journey to New France. And so that is a story

00:22:06.940 that I didn't know until I started digging around and looking for stories of women who spent time

00:22:13.800 in Canada or are from Canada. And I think it's an interesting story. And I think that part of

00:22:20.000 what Canada, to me, or what's important about Canada is the multiculturalism of it. The way

00:22:28.520 that the national identity, it came from like the coming together of so many different cultures,

00:22:34.240 like the European culture coming and imposing themselves on the indigenous First Nations

00:22:40.400 cultures. And then just the way that it's kind of developed into be what I see often as a place

00:22:49.820 that welcomes people from different backgrounds

00:22:52.980 and not in like a melting pot way,

00:22:55.600 but in kind of like learning from each other way

00:22:58.700 and like adding to what makes Canada

00:23:01.580 a cool and interesting place.

00:23:03.820 Esther Brando's story really adds an interesting level of it,

00:23:07.000 level to it,

00:23:08.480 just in terms of the Jewish history of Canada

00:23:11.740 and also the trans history of Canada.

00:23:15.240 And also I think this would be a great movie or TV show.

00:23:18.040 anyway this i'm ann foster this is the canadian heritage minutes mini series um if you want to

00:23:24.180 continue on to listen to more canadian history told by me in this kind of chaotic manner i'm

00:23:31.260 going to be sharing more episodes on my patreon which is patreon.com and foster writer and if you

00:23:37.600 just like pledge one dollar or more a month you will be able to hear those right away or if you

00:23:42.620 just want to hear these in your regular podcast thing for free i respect that all love um these

00:23:48.980 are going to be coming there'll be more canadian history podcasts coming from me can't tell you

00:23:54.480 when but soon um like the things i'm posting on patreon will eventually be posted for free

00:23:59.560 here or in another podcast feed and so stay tuned for information about that and in terms of the

00:24:06.180 canadian election if you want to make sure that your vote counts as much as possible if you live

00:24:11.220 in a riding where it's kind of like split and you want to vote strategically. Um, and by

00:24:16.500 strategically, I mean, in a way that gets the person that you want to, to control the country,

00:24:23.720 to be the prime minister, if you want the party that you appreciate to do that. Basically what

00:24:29.040 I'm saying is like, if you want, you know what, if you want Pierre to win, like, okay. Um, if you

00:24:36.840 want the NDP to win or the liberals, or if you just want, like me, if you want Pierre to not win,

00:24:42.380 go to smartvoting.ca, type, like go to your writing and then it will tell you kind of how

00:24:48.080 the polls are going there. And so there's not a vote split. It will suggest like who you can vote

00:24:52.480 for to get the desired results that you want. Anyway, smartvoting.ca. I appreciate this website.

00:24:59.700 It's really interesting to me to see like the liberal party has never had any support in the

00:25:06.700 province where i live in saskatchewan and suddenly they do like such is the power of this moment

00:25:11.760 this patriotic moment and mark carney just kind of like instigating a lot of admiration from a lot

00:25:17.040 of people like the fact that like the liberals are like could potentially do well in saskatchewan

00:25:23.900 is wild to me but these are wild times we're living through and um you know elbows up and

00:25:30.960 I'll be doing more Canadian history for you to hear soon. And take care, everyone.

00:25:37.540 Vulgar History is researched, written, and hosted by Anne Foster. That's me. The editor is Christina 1.00

00:25:43.540 Lumagi. Theme music is by The Severn Duo. The Vulgar History show image is by Deborah Wong.

00:25:50.240 Transcripts are written by Aveline Malek. Find transcripts of recent episodes at vulgarhistory.com.

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Vulgar History - April 11, 2025

Canadian History (part 5)： The First Jew In Canada Was Trans

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