Vulgar History - International, part 29： Queen Min Takes Over The Kingdom (pt 2⧸2)

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00:01:00.000 hello and welcome to vulgar history of feminist women's history comedy podcast

00:01:16.400 my name is ann foster and i have a scratchy voice so this is part two of queen min last time we

00:01:25.080 looked at what we talked a lot about. Setting the scene, oldie times Korea, the Chosan dynasty,

00:01:31.180 we got into explaining a lot about the society. And then towards the end, Min herself shows up,

00:01:39.600 not unlike a Princess Diana type character who everyone's like, oh, she's going to be like no

00:01:43.700 threat at all. She just seems like so naive. But Min is like, guess what I'm going to do?

00:01:48.300 I'm going to read every book and I'm going to put together this scheme to get rid of this 0.61

00:01:56.020 overreaching father-in-law of mine, Daiwangun. And so then she kind of took over and became

00:02:02.180 kind of the leader of Chosun dynasty. And that's where we're jumping back in.

00:02:06.040 So I'm going to start with another quote. So I don't know if this isn't spoilery, but just

00:02:12.400 last time I read a couple of quotes from Western, that's the phrase that's often used. I don't know

00:02:17.500 if these people are British or if they're American, but this kind of hints towards how

00:02:21.560 Min is going to maybe open up the country a bit to the West. Anyway, an American acquaintance of

00:02:26.320 her is called Isabella Bird Bishop. Describe Min later on in her life like this, quote,

00:02:33.000 On each occasion, I was impressed with the grace and charming manner of the queen,

00:02:36.940 her thoughtful kindness, her singular intelligence and force, and her remarkable

00:02:40.460 conversational power, even through the medium of an interpreter. I was not surprised at her

00:02:45.160 singular political influence or her sway over the king and many others. She was surrounded by

00:02:49.880 enemies, chief among them being Daiwangun, the king's father, all embittered against her because

00:02:54.880 by her talent and force, she had succeeded in placing members of her family in nearly all the

00:02:59.200 chief offices of state. Her life was a battle. She fought with all her charm, shrewdness, and

00:03:03.920 sagacity for power, for the dignity and safety of her husband and son, and for the downfall 0.96

00:03:08.720 of Daewangun. So 1877, Min and her husband Gojong commissioned a study to study Japanese

00:03:19.220 westernization. So to see, I thought I knew what that meant, but I'm just like, did they want to

00:03:24.820 study Japan or did they want to study how Japan had been affected by westernization? Whichever

00:03:31.780 thing they were going to study. They sent a team who reported back, they were shocked at how large

00:03:36.500 the Japanese cities had become. One of these ambassadors returned with a book called Korean

00:03:41.120 Strategy, which was written by a Chinese person named Huang Sun Tian, who advised the Chosun

00:03:48.780 Kingdom should ally with China. So remember, we talked last time, like there's the Chosun Kingdom

00:03:53.880 and kind of, they're just surrounded by like much more powerful places. Like China is there,

00:03:59.120 Japan is there, Russia is there, the US is there. So it's kind of like,

00:04:02.860 like inevitably they're going to need to ally with somebody and so this book suggests that

00:04:09.160 they should ally with china min who loves books um she took special interest in this book and

00:04:13.880 commissioned copies to be sent out to all of the ministers she had hoped to win approval from the

00:04:19.440 yangbon so the like aristocratic class to invite western nations into the chosan kingdom to open

00:04:25.820 up trade with japan to sort of keep japan in check and this is a bit i talked last time i watched

00:04:32.320 this movie not a historically accurate movie it's like the reign of chosen kingdom movies

00:04:37.040 the sword with no name but in that the character so the min character she just says like look like

00:04:44.360 we can't not interact with any other countries ever and like even just to like learn about them

00:04:50.240 for if and when we are invaded like we would just on we want to know more about them like

00:04:54.500 what makes them tick like we need to start talking to other countries and so i think that's what the

00:04:58.840 real men was up to here. She's just like, we just need to learn about them. We can't just be like,

00:05:03.320 oh, we're fine. So the Yangban aristocracy opposed opening the country to the West. 1.00

00:05:09.820 A person named Choi Ik-hyun, who had helped her recently-ish with impeaching Daewang-gun, 0.94

00:05:16.820 was also one of the people who was opposed to this. He said that the Japanese were just like 0.96

00:05:20.320 the Western barbarians who had spread subversive notions like Catholicism. And this had been a

00:05:25.780 major issue during Daewon Goon's quote reign. When he was being the regent, he had quashed

00:05:32.560 Catholicism with massive persecutions. And so Queen Min's plan to like slightly open

00:05:39.240 to themselves to other countries, to the Yang Ban, they felt like she was suggesting something 0.72

00:05:45.420 that would destroy the social order. So she distributed this book, Korean Strategy,

00:05:50.740 and people were upset about it and basically like things are just it's a tense situation

00:05:58.740 but despite all these objections in 1881 there was a large fact-finding mission so another one

00:06:04.900 was sent to japan they stayed for 70 days observing japanese government offices factories

00:06:09.740 military and police organizations and business practices they also obtained information about

00:06:15.220 innovations in the Japanese government copied from the West, especially a proposed constitution.

00:06:22.400 And on the basis of these reports, Min began to reorganize her government. So 12 new bureaus

00:06:28.940 were established that dealt with foreign relations with the West, China, and Japan.

00:06:33.160 A bureau of the military was created to modernize weapons and techniques. Bureaus were established

00:06:37.320 to deal with commerce. Like they were just kind of like, she's just all in. She's just like,

00:06:41.140 look, here's what's happening. It's like 1881. Like this is what other countries are doing.

00:06:45.700 We need to like, we need to change how we're doing some stuff. Like it's, it is no longer 1392.

00:06:50.440 Like we are the Chosun dynasty, but like, let's just like progress a little bit is what she said.

00:06:55.320 I imagine. Um, she also signed documents arranging for top military students to be sent to China,

00:07:01.540 which at this time was under the Qing dynasty. So we're getting into a lot of Japan and China.

00:07:08.920 I'm going to use the word shenanigans, where it's just kind of like, which country are they

00:07:13.920 going to side with? And like Japan and China didn't get along with each other and just a lot

00:07:18.520 of sort of like double and triple crossing. So Min wanted to send top Joseon military students

00:07:25.280 to train in China. The Japanese volunteered to supply military students with rifles and train

00:07:31.460 unit of the Joseon army to use rifles. I guess they didn't have rifles before.

00:07:35.340 min was like okay but like reminder these students are still going to be sent to china

00:07:41.080 to for further education on western military technologies this modernizing of the military

00:07:47.520 was met with opposition just like everything everything she did was met with opposition i

00:07:51.800 feel like she was doing a bunch of changes that seemed like maybe useful but also she was a woman

00:07:59.540 and so everything we talked about last time where it's just like everyone around her like all the

00:08:04.740 people of the Joseon dynasty had all been raised for like, and their parents have been raised in

00:08:09.280 like the last seven generations to just be like women are only for having babies. And she was 0.77

00:08:14.060 like, here's what's happening. I'm the smartest person here. I'm in charge. Here's what we're

00:08:18.420 doing. So like they were opposed to modernization, but they're also opposed to modernization being

00:08:23.400 led by her. So I'm not sure if even they could separate how much of their antagonism was because

00:08:30.820 it was her idea and how much they were just against the idea. So the special treatment of

00:08:36.280 this new training unit caused resentment among the other troops. And then there was a plot

00:08:40.600 to place, like to get rid of Min, to depose Gujong and to place Daewangun's illegitimate son

00:08:48.560 on the throne. Min found out about this because she was like on top of it. She had her own spies,

00:08:53.660 et cetera. Daewangun was like involved in this. It wasn't just being done on his behalf. He was 0.65

00:08:57.900 like in it um but he was kept safe from punishment because he was still the father of the king

00:09:04.040 and this is why it's like in one way it's like okay if you can just like adopt a new person to

00:09:09.960 be the king then you can have your dynasty for 500 years that's great but if you like have a new king

00:09:15.940 and that king's dad is still around then like it just gets complicated in a different way

00:09:20.020 so the japanese chose kangwa island which is near modern day seoul um at that time it was near the

00:09:29.640 capital city of the chosen kingdom which was then called hanseong anyway the japanese chose this

00:09:34.660 place for their military base and i guess some people were just like do we want the japanese to 0.79

00:09:40.220 be like making military base like right next to our like main city people like her counselors were

00:09:46.600 like, should we mobilize an army? She said no. She tried to avoid war by signing a diplomatic 0.76

00:09:50.920 treaty. This treaty opened Chosan to Japanese trading. And in it, Japan recognized Chosan

00:09:57.500 as an autonomous state. But shortly thereafter, a pro-Japanese faction began to emerge in the

00:10:02.960 Chosan government. So I feel like a lot of the stuff that's happening here would have inevitably,

00:10:08.000 like what the other countries are up to, what Japan is doing, what China is doing.

00:10:10.780 no matter who the king was, even if Daewangun was still kind of in charge, these things would

00:10:17.420 probably still be happening. But Min happened to be the person in charge when these were happening.

00:10:21.880 And she was kind of, she was on it. Like she had read all the books. She was keen to keep,

00:10:27.520 she's a lifelong learner. And she was just, she saw what she felt needed to be done. And

00:10:32.720 I don't know, it seems like kind of she was maybe the best person for the job

00:10:36.900 for all these things that were going to maybe inevitably happen. So over the next six years,

00:10:42.000 Min and her husband pursued this policy of slow modernization. But then, so June 1882,

00:10:49.540 but there's still tension, you know, like there's always going to be tension, but especially if

00:10:53.320 there's tension between like the old school military guys and these new people who've been

00:10:58.820 trained in this new way. So members of the old military became resentful of the special treatment

00:11:04.200 of the new units. And so they rebelled. They killed several important officials and then fled

00:11:08.800 to the protection of the Daewangun, who publicly rebuked them, but privately encouraged them

00:11:15.340 because he is a sneaky guy. And then he took control of the old units as well. So he's just,

00:11:24.180 I don't think he's taking, I'm not sure if he's taking advantage of a situation or if he like

00:11:29.320 caused this to happen, but everything I've read about him, I feel like

00:11:32.880 he caused this to happen. Like he just happens to then get to take control after these people

00:11:38.940 like spontaneously had a rebellion. Maybe, but whatever. So Daewon Gunn ordered an attack

00:11:46.340 on the administrative district of Seoul. So his soldiers, his like the ones who were loyal to him, 0.98

00:11:53.880 they attacked police stations to free comrades who had been arrested. And then they began

00:11:58.240 ransacking private estates and mansions belonging to Min's relatives because Daewangun had it out 0.68

00:12:04.980 for her specifically. So this is like the old school officers who are now working for Daewangun.

00:12:10.800 So then they stole rifles and they began to kill Japanese training officers.

00:12:14.860 They nearly assassinated the Japanese ambassador to Seoul, but he quickly escaped.

00:12:21.580 This military rebellion then headed towards the palace where Min and Gojong were, but they escaped

00:12:27.440 and one record of this suggested that someone who helped them was Daewon Goon's wife who was still

00:12:36.240 living there with them even though he was in disgrace not sure anyway but remember she's from

00:12:43.300 the Min family like she and Min are like second cousins allegedly she helped him sneak out in

00:12:49.460 disguise Min may have been hidden in a wooden litter like one of those things where like people 0.87

00:12:56.060 carry it and the people are sitting in it riding she may have been hiding in it um she may have 1.00

00:13:02.260 tried to get diawan goon to stop going after min but that made him suspicious towards her and then

00:13:07.500 he kept his wife out of his affairs from then on but more importantly min and gojong escaped in

00:13:11.880 disguise and fled to her relative's villa uh where they remained in hiding in cheongju

00:13:17.560 in the movie i keep coming back to this movie i know there's so many k-dramas and movies but this

00:13:23.640 is like the sword with no name. So this is like, I watched the movie. I'm like, wait, what happened?

00:13:28.380 So in the movie, it suggests that she did not escape with Gojong, but in fact, she escaped

00:13:31.680 with her sexy bodyguard. And then they had to like sleep in a cave together. And she's like,

00:13:35.060 oh no, I'm so cold in the cave. And he's like, ooh, body heat. It's like a very sexy movie.

00:13:40.820 The sword with no name. I do recommend it. Anyway, so they weren't hiding, Gojong and men.

00:13:47.320 Daewon Goon could not find her. So he, I don't know if he knew that she had escaped,

00:13:51.640 like if his wife had told her that, but whatever. He was like, she's dead. He announced the queen

00:13:56.620 is dead. He held a funeral for her. He also had numerous of Min's supporters put to death.

00:14:05.080 He took administrative control of the palace. He immediately dismantled the reform measures

00:14:10.260 implemented by Min and relieved the new units of their duties. He returned to the isolationist

00:14:16.920 foreign policy, Japanese and Chinese envoys were forced to the capital. So he was just undoing

00:14:22.620 everything Min and Gojang had done. But then the Chinese, with the consent of Korean envoys in 0.71

00:14:30.660 Beijing, sent 4,500 troops to restore order, as well as to secure Chinese interests in the country.

00:14:37.880 These troops arrested Daewangun, who was then taken to China to be tried for treason.

00:14:42.980 and Min who is not dead returned with Gojong took control again and like undid everything he had

00:14:50.400 already undid so they were just like we're getting back to the westernization we're getting back to

00:14:54.720 the like training the armies like this moment I can't understate how cool this moment sounds just 1.00

00:15:01.600 like he had said she was dead and she just shows up just like guess what bitches she's not dead 1.00

00:15:07.060 it's a beautiful moment. It's, it's giving me Fred again with a 300 witnesses, just showing up 1.00

00:15:14.180 like, yes, man. Yes. This is one of the moments when I was learning about her story in the first

00:15:20.320 place. And I was like, oh, I need to do this on the podcast. So like she, like everyone thinks

00:15:27.220 she's dead. She's not dead. She shows up. Like that's like the finale of an amazing episode of

00:15:33.440 of a telenovela. So, but so everybody's, I like, I can't keep track of the dealings,

00:15:42.020 the double dealings, like who's making a deal with what. So Min and Gojong are like a team

00:15:46.240 or so it seems, or so she assumes, but everybody kind of knew that Gojong would be easier to

00:15:52.320 manipulate because he was, because Min was the smartest person. Um, and he was easier to

00:15:59.080 manipulate because he'd been manipulated his whole life by his dad so the japanese went to him

00:16:03.620 privately without min's knowledge and gojong signed the japan korea treaty of 1882 um which

00:16:12.460 included they would like chosan would pay 550 000 yen for lives and properties of the japanese

00:16:21.820 lost during the insurrection and to permit japanese troops to guard the japanese embassy

00:16:26.060 in Seoul. Min learned about the treaty, obviously, right away. When she heard about this, she proposed

00:16:32.600 China, as she proposed to China a new trade agreement, granting the Chinese special privileges

00:16:38.340 and rights to ports inaccessible to the Japanese. So I think what she's doing here, I think her plan 0.75

00:16:44.720 is just, she's like, she knows the Chinese, Japanese, like to an actual extent, the Russians,

00:16:49.420 the Americans, like everybody kind of wants in on in the Joseon kingdom. But I think she's trying

00:16:56.740 to sort of just like play them all off each other to distract them with each other. So maybe they

00:17:01.320 can like leave Joseon alone a little bit, which is maybe her best option. She also requested a

00:17:07.480 Chinese commander take control of the new military units. And she got a German advisor to head the

00:17:13.400 Marine Customs Service. So I don't know. I think she's still taking seriously that book she read

00:17:20.620 about like how Chosan should ally with China. Anyway, it's 1883. She sent a special mission

00:17:28.920 to the United States headed by her adoptive nephew. Again, I don't know. It's always mentioned

00:17:34.820 when it's someone who's adopted. There's just like a lot of adoption of family members going on.

00:17:39.200 unless that's her adopted brother's son maybe that's what that means so this mission this

00:17:46.680 group of people visited many u.s historical sites they heard lectures on u.s history and attended a

00:17:52.700 gala event in their honor given by the mayor of san francisco and other u.s officials they dined

00:17:57.840 with president chester a arthur um discussed what was going on with japan so her nephew came back

00:18:07.180 at the end of this mission and reported to her this is a quote from him i was born in the dark

00:18:13.460 i went out into the light and your majesty it is my displeasure to inform you that i have returned

00:18:17.780 to the dark i envision a soul of towering buildings filled with western establishments

00:18:22.340 that will place herself back above the japanese barbarians great things lie ahead for this kingdom

00:18:27.600 great things we must take action your majesty without hesitation to further modernize this still

00:18:32.340 ancient kingdom so i do want to just take a moment because i don't think i've said this

00:18:37.900 last week or this week like there i'm very much telling the story right now of like men

00:18:43.320 what's happening in chosan kingdom in this era but in the back of my mind i do know

00:18:51.380 that in the 20th century there is an extraordinarily fraught um relationship between

00:18:59.180 korea and japan so that's like i know that's coming later but i'm not really talking about

00:19:04.620 that here because we're just we're talking about what's happening right now and we're kind of not

00:19:10.040 sure who's gonna do what in the situation but like you know referring to the japanese as

00:19:16.060 barbarians and stuff i don't i really am hoping i'm hoping in these episodes i'm just kind of

00:19:20.480 telling you what people said how people were feeling in that moment um just to try to get us

00:19:26.060 all like right there with men not knowing what the future would bring. So just to mention that,

00:19:32.440 although I will try to avoid using words like barbarians. And we need to talk for a minute

00:19:37.460 about the progressives. So this is a group founded during the late 1870s by a group of Yangban,

00:19:44.660 who again, the like aristocrats who fully supported the westernization of Chosan. 0.96

00:19:51.440 The progressives wanted immediate westernization, including a cutoff of ties with China.

00:19:58.300 Min didn't realize, or I don't know if they didn't tell her, she didn't realize that they

00:20:03.000 were so anti-Chinese. And so she met with them a lot to talk about progressive things,

00:20:09.060 nationalism, like she thought they were on board with her, but she didn't realize how

00:20:13.580 anti-China they were when she was seemingly quite pro-China. So the progressives,

00:20:20.460 They were advocating for educational and social reforms, including equality of the sexist by

00:20:24.620 granting women full rights, issues that were not even acknowledged in their already westernized

00:20:29.540 neighbor of Japan. So, I mean, going from women, you know, don't, can't, aren't known by their

00:20:36.840 names and like, or can't go outside and like all these things I talked about in part one,

00:20:41.960 that this group was like, we want women to have full rights. It's like a huge leap forward.

00:20:45.700 Min was enamored with this idea at the beginning, but then she discovered that they were deeply

00:20:53.840 anti-Chinese. And then she turned her back on them because she's just like, oh, no, that's not

00:20:57.840 what I'm about. Because cutting ties with China immediately was not in her gradual plan of

00:21:03.540 Westernization. Because of like, she saw a bigger picture thing that I think the progressives did.

00:21:09.460 Like the consequences Chosun would have to face if she did not play China and Japan off by the

00:21:14.460 west gradually. She's just so carefully trying to balance all of these different things. 0.83

00:21:21.580 She was not prepared to turn against any other country because she knew that kind of antagonized

00:21:27.320 them. And Chosun was not in a good position to defend themselves against some sort of

00:21:31.800 war situation. However, 1884, the conflict between the progressives and the, I guess,

00:21:38.940 non-progressives. So this is another faction, the Say Day faction. We're pro-China and pro-gradual

00:21:48.140 Westernization. So this is kind of more where Min was coming from. So the Say Day and the

00:21:52.860 progressives. Conflict intensified. American, like the Americans, what are you doing here?

00:21:59.600 Why are there Americans in all these episodes now? I haven't done episodes of this podcast

00:22:07.200 until recently, like the season that like the U S even exists. So I'm just sorry. I'm still

00:22:13.280 startled when the U S shows up because we're in the 19th century anyway. So the Americans heard

00:22:18.660 about this growing problem. Um, they were outraged and they attempted to bring the two groups to 0.81

00:22:24.620 peace, like, because they all want a modernization. It's just one group wanted it really, really

00:22:29.280 quickly. One group wanted it more gradual. I think a more where they were not gonna negotiate,

00:22:35.160 is the fact that one group was anti-China and one group was pro-China. So the Americans were

00:22:42.200 like men, like you like the ideas and plans of both parties, except for the China stuff.

00:22:48.500 So like, hadn't we all worked together, but the progressives were fed up with the 0.96

00:22:53.240 state days and the growing influence of the Chinese. So they sought the aid of the Japanese 0.99

00:22:57.520 guards and staged a bloody palace coup in 1884, in which the progressives killed numerous high

00:23:05.940 sedes and secured key government positions vacated by the people who they had just killed

00:23:10.920 or the others who fled the capital. And so this new administration began to issue various edicts

00:23:20.000 in Gojong and Min's names, like saying like, oh yeah, they totally want this to happen. Like

00:23:24.640 they just took control. They wanted to implement political, economic, social, and cultural reforms.

00:23:29.640 Min was understandably horrified by this approach, refused to support their actions, 0.50

00:23:34.880 and declared any documents signed in her name to be null and void. But this just took, after two

00:23:41.400 days, this group was crushed by the Chinese troops. And this is why I see why Min didn't

00:23:48.380 want to cut ties with the Chinese. So a handful of progressive leaders were killed. Once again,

00:23:54.300 the japanese government saw the opportunity to extort money out of the chosun government by

00:23:58.380 forcing gojong again without telling min to sign a treaty they're like it worked once we'll do it

00:24:03.560 again so this was the treaty of hansong which forced chosun to pay a large sum of indemnity

00:24:09.640 for damages inflicted on japanese lives and properties during this coup this is very similar

00:24:13.880 to the last one i don't know do we kind of secret sexy um treaty i don't know it's secret it's not

00:24:22.240 sexy. So there's so many agreements being signed. I'm saying the names of them because I know

00:24:28.140 there's like a lot of stuff you will know about this that I don't. Anyway, 1885, the Li-Ito

00:24:34.380 agreement was made in China between the Japanese and the Chinese. So twist, these two teaming up,

00:24:40.560 these two countries. In it, both China and Japan both agreed to pull troops out of Chosun

00:24:48.300 and that either country would send troops only if their property was endangered and then each

00:24:53.660 would inform the other before doing so. Both nations also agreed to pull out their military

00:24:58.480 instructors to allow the newly arrived Americans to take full control of that duty. So the Japanese 0.99

00:25:04.880 withdrew troops from Chosan, leaving just a small number of guards. Min knows what's going on with

00:25:13.900 i don't entirely anyway but i'm glad she's there it says here min was ahead of the japanese in

00:25:19.340 their game she summoned chinese envoys and through persuasion convinced them to keep 2 000 soldiers

00:25:24.780 disguised as chosan police or merchants to guard the borders from any suspicious japanese actions

00:25:29.280 and to continue to train chosan troops secret undercover chinese disguised as chosan like this 0.93

00:25:35.840 just like you know when Fred again disguised the people as the Bretons so anyway I trust that 0.61

00:25:43.260 Min figured this out and she knew what to do so now there's like secret Chinese troops

00:25:48.040 but things are like this is like what a time to be in charge of this place like it's just again

00:25:55.620 I feel like Min is doing the best anyone could be doing under the circumstances but like 1.00

00:25:59.340 her being a woman is definitely getting in the way. And well, I guess not her being a woman, 1.00

00:26:07.740 everyone being not a fan of women and control was getting in the way. But anyway, factionalism 0.52

00:26:14.180 is almost impossible for Minda's strength in her country. The economy degenerated,

00:26:18.960 the military was underpaid. The government appeared to be at the mercy of foreigners. 1.00

00:26:24.380 So 1889, another rebellion.

00:26:27.600 And this time the farmers rebelled against the feudal society and tried to overthrow

00:26:31.780 the monarchy. 0.52

00:26:32.560 This is the Tonghak rebellion. 1.00

00:26:35.140 Min turned to her giant neighbor to help. 1.00

00:26:37.580 That's their phrase, not mine. 0.82

00:26:38.760 But anyway, China, again, like they've got her back at this moment.

00:26:43.400 So China agreed to send troops to help out.

00:26:45.560 But remember that thing they just signed where China and Japan had said, we won't send

00:26:50.440 troops into Chosan without telling the other people.

00:26:52.380 so china sent troops um and then unbidden and unwanted japan also sent troops to the aid of

00:27:00.360 chosan so the farmer's insurrection was soon quelled with promises to abolish slavery and

00:27:06.960 provide relief for harmers and chosan began a series of reforms with the intent of importing 0.67

00:27:12.480 western culture and technology but both china and japan refused to withdraw from chosan so like

00:27:19.400 So that's 1889. Then the next major political crisis came five years later, 1894, when Min

00:27:27.020 faced a coup d'etat by radicals who, supported by Japan, wanted Chosun to undergo rapid industrial

00:27:33.320 and social modernization like could happen in Japan. Royalist Chosun soldiers and their Chinese

00:27:39.520 allies soon retook the government and restored Min. Like the coup d'etat, like she was removed,

00:27:44.200 but then she was restored. But the rebellion served as a pretext for Japan and China to both 0.79

00:27:50.280 send yet more troops into Chosan, and this launched the Sino-Japanese War, which was

00:27:59.160 fought primarily in Chosan. This ended with a decisive victory by Japan and the Treaty of

00:28:03.700 Shimonoseki, in which China was forced to grant Chosan independence. But in reality, this

00:28:10.560 basically meant Japan was gaining control over Choson. Min vehemently opposed, uh, this

00:28:19.060 to the leaders of Japan who looked forward to rulings they had planned. Min considered the

00:28:24.780 one bright spark in a corrupt Choson court was nothing but trouble because she was smart.

00:28:29.220 She knew what was going on. Um, because she was, so they're just like, Oh, we could take over a 0.99

00:28:37.240 much easier if there wasn't like a smart person who like had read books and like had good instincts

00:28:41.300 and like knew what to do going on. So at around this same time, the book we quoted from last time

00:28:48.260 written by a woman who met Min, her book Quaint Korea was published. So 1895. Here's some info

00:28:54.760 from this book from someone who saw Min in this era about kind of how she worked. 0.99

00:28:59.860 Quote, Queen Min has not only been the power behind the Korean throne, but she has been

00:29:04.160 even more than the king, the all-seeing eye of Korea. Her spies have been everywhere, seen

00:29:09.240 everything, reported everything. William Franklin Sands, a United States diplomat who came to the

00:29:15.300 Joseon kingdom around this time, said about her, quote, she was a politician and diplomat who

00:29:20.300 overtaken the times, striving for the independence of Joseon, possessing outstanding academic,

00:29:26.700 strong intellectual personality, and unbending willpower. So she's just an impressive person.

00:29:32.460 following this war she made overtures to russia because russia was a powerful enemy of japan

00:29:38.740 and thus an important potential ally for chosan in reaction to this threatened alliance the

00:29:44.520 japanese administration decided min had to be removed from power and so at dawn on august 20th

00:29:54.060 1895 in a plot codenamed fox hunt and engineered by the japanese minister to chosan japanese troops

00:30:01.560 entered the palace by force to assassinate men. This is what is happening. So bodyguards tried

00:30:09.960 to stop them, but the troops demanded to know where it was the queen. They made a search of

00:30:15.020 the palace, killing some who refused to cooperate, but no one gave her away. Convinced that Min was

00:30:20.420 disguised as one of the court women, the Japanese then murdered two of these women. It is said that

00:30:26.380 Min seeing this then came forward, like maybe she was disguised as one of them, but she wouldn't let

00:30:31.480 her ladies be killed just for her. And then she was assassinated. She was stabbed. Her body was 1.00

00:30:39.820 burned with kerosene in a nearby wood. Like her body was, yeah, she was pretty brutally assassinated.

00:30:50.200 Gojong was not harmed because they knew that she was the brains behind this operation.

00:30:55.480 this was a horrific thing to happen everybody was pretty horrified like not like that she had

00:31:03.760 been assassinated but also in this like brutal way like it wasn't like the most slick assassins

00:31:10.020 it was just kind of like brute force just like troops coming in just like it was felt like this

00:31:15.040 wasn't even not that assassinating her was good in any way but this is especially disrespectful

00:31:19.880 which it was. The people of the Chosun Kingdom and foreign ministers were outraged. The Japanese

00:31:26.360 government quickly recalled those involved, sort of in a show trial. They detained them briefly.

00:31:33.260 And then the trial, writes Japanese historian Yamabe Kantaro, was a deliberate miscarriage of

00:31:38.560 justice designed to protect the culprits. None were convicted. Gojong was really, really, really

00:31:44.880 upset. So we're going to talk about him in a second. But after he recovered from the shock

00:31:52.220 of this, he tried and executed the traitorous Joseon people who had been involved or had helped 0.80

00:31:58.000 with this assassination. And he declared a new Korean empire with himself as emperor. So no

00:32:04.200 longer king, he was now the emperor. And he announced a new posthumous title for Min, Empress

00:32:09.960 Myung Song. So this is kind of like Pedro and Inez, where she became not the zombie queen

00:32:17.160 of Korea, but one of the things I read called her the ghost queen. Even dead, she was named

00:32:24.480 Empress. And then there was a state funeral one month later. So we're going to talk about Gojong

00:32:30.260 just to sort of explain, I don't know, the legacy or how things kind of wrap up.

00:32:36.340 So he had been chosen, remember, as a young child to be the king, mainly so that his father

00:32:41.380 could be in charge. He had never been formally educated, which is why he often turned to Min

00:32:47.080 to conduct international and domestic affairs. And credit to him for knowing when to get her 0.82

00:32:54.500 to step in for him. I appreciate that he wasn't just like, I know best. He's like, oh no, you

00:32:59.120 clearly know best. You can be in charge of everything. So when they first got married,

00:33:03.820 He liked to attend parties and she liked to read books and they didn't get along. But as he saw her

00:33:09.260 in action, he grew in admiration for her intelligence and her ability to learn quickly, 0.96

00:33:13.820 her keen political instincts and her just being like bomb ass the best. So as the problems of 0.84

00:33:19.900 the kingdom grew bigger and bigger, he relied more and more on her. She was his rock during

00:33:26.440 times of frustration. I feel like he must've been her rock because I'm sure she had frustration too.

00:33:30.820 and by the time she was assassinated his affection for her was undying so after her assassination he

00:33:37.200 locked himself up in his chambers for several weeks refusing to assume resume his duties 1.00

00:33:41.120 his father regained political power following min's death like of course this fucking guy 0.99

00:33:47.420 he tried to have her status lowered to that of a commoner posthumously where he's like what if we 0.99

00:33:54.500 just say she was like never the queen and was just like some orphan girl. Gojong was noted by

00:34:01.740 scholars. So a man who like his father had told him what to do his whole life. And I love that

00:34:06.180 he stepped up at this point when Daewangun was just like, let's just say she was nobody. Gojong

00:34:11.400 apparently said, I would rather slit my wrists and let them bleed than disgrace the woman who 0.99

00:34:16.280 saved this kingdom. Yeah. So he would not do that. The Daewangun died two years after Min. 0.99

00:34:24.500 Allegedly, Gojong did not attend his funeral due to their strained relationship, as one can imagine.

00:34:31.140 So Gojong continued to rule as a puppet king under competing Japanese and Russian military forces.

00:34:37.240 Korea, as it became known, became a Japanese protectorate in 1904, and in 1907, Gojong was

00:34:44.700 forced to abdicate. Their son, Min Sun, then succeeded as King Sunjong, although he too was

00:34:52.240 only a figurehead. In 1910, Korea was formally annexed by Japan, forcing Sunjog from power and

00:34:58.420 ending five centuries of rule by the Choson dynasty. We're moving to the legacy part. So

00:35:05.440 from what I can understand, Min is one of the most controversial figures in Korean history.

00:35:13.100 Some view her as a charismatic politician and diplomat who tried to lead the country into a

00:35:17.560 era. Others see her as a manipulative, power-seeking woman. I think I really can't speak 1.00

00:35:28.200 to all of the facets of being a person in Korea and how you see her. Because it's so hard to

00:35:39.220 untangle what she did with what happened later in Korean history. She was the person who was

00:35:43.720 effectively in charge. When Chosun dynasty ended, the Japanese took over. So I asked my friend 0.99

00:35:52.040 Eunbag, who's from Korea, who I asked her, like, do you think people, like, was her reputation,

00:35:59.180 is it so controversial because she was, because of her progressive policies or because she was a

00:36:03.480 woman? And without hesitating, Eunbag was like, oh, it's because she was a woman. Like people 0.93

00:36:06.720 just didn't. It was just seen as so inappropriate for a woman to be so forceful and so opinionated 1.00

00:36:14.240 and to have this sort of control. And I hope after I described like how the Chosun dynasty, 0.99

00:36:18.500 how women were viewed, like you see why that would be so shocking that it would be hard to even look 0.51

00:36:23.760 at what her politics were, where it's just like she was a woman who took charge and that's just 1.00

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00:39:15.180 So aside from the political stuff, here are some other things she accomplished during her time as queen.

00:39:20.760 like she oversaw this kingdom during a time of enormous social change. So for instance,

00:39:28.340 so she invited Westerners. So the formal introduction of Christianity happened in 1884

00:39:34.900 when she invited a man called Horace Newton Allen. Christianity spread rapidly in Chosan.

00:39:41.500 He, with her permission, this guy, Horace Newton Allen, she gave him permission to arrange for

00:39:48.420 the appointment of other missionaries as government employees. He also introduced

00:39:52.040 modern medicine in Korea by establishing the first Royal Medical Clinic. Then a bunch of

00:39:57.560 Protestant missionaries began to come to Choson, just like super excited to have a new place to

00:40:01.760 be missionaries, I guess. Yeah. So all these people, famous Protestant missionaries, I don't

00:40:09.260 know, moved there. They established churches within Seoul. Then Catholic missionaries came.

00:40:14.680 i think i'd said before like when daewangun was kind of in charge he had really stopped

00:40:20.840 out catholicism but now the castles came back so the christian missionaries made contributions

00:40:27.560 towards the modernization of the country so concepts of equality human rights and freedom

00:40:31.640 and the participation of both men and women in religious activities were all new to joseon

00:40:36.880 min was um she was all on board of integrating these values within the government she wanted

00:40:42.940 the literacy rate to rise. And with the aid of Christian educational programs, it did so

00:40:47.700 significantly within a matter of years. So it's not just they came in and they were like, this

00:40:52.300 is Christianity. They like came over and kind of brought in other stuff too, like education.

00:40:57.840 So she approved plans to establish a palace school to educate children of the elite in English

00:41:02.540 language. She also gave her patronage to the first all-girls educational institution,

00:41:08.800 which was established in seoul in 1886 by american missionary mary f scranton so in its early stages

00:41:15.280 the school was more of a place for poor girls to be fed and clothed which you need to deal with

00:41:19.720 that before you can even get to education but this was a significant social change of school for 0.95

00:41:24.540 girls and this institution is still around today as uha women's university first it was called 0.61

00:41:30.840 academy yeah so she valued the missionaries knowledge of western history science and 0.99

00:41:37.880 mathematics and was aware of the advantage of having them within the nation. So she saw no

00:41:43.640 threat to the Confucian morals of Korean society by introducing Christianity. She also, one of her

00:41:50.420 goals was religious tolerance. So the first newspaper to be published in Choson was,

00:41:57.860 let's see, it included contemporary news of the day, essays and articles about westernization,

00:42:02.600 and news of further modernization of Joseon. This happened during her reign. Then, yeah,

00:42:10.460 the publication of a Korean language newspaper was a significant development. And the paper

00:42:14.980 itself played an important role as a communication media to the masses. Yeah, so the, there was like

00:42:23.120 a couple, there's like stops and starts. There's like one newspaper, then that stopped. There's

00:42:26.000 another newspaper. These were all under her. Reign. 1894, a newspaper entirely in Hangul,

00:42:33.200 which is the like written language. Actually, wait, a newspaper entirely. So the first newspaper

00:42:38.940 was in Hanja newspaper. Then there was the Korean language newspaper. Then this one,

00:42:45.040 a newspaper entirely in Hangul making no use of the Korean Hanja script. So this started in 1894.

00:42:51.400 This is called the Seoul News. It was published as a weekly newspaper under the patronage of both

00:42:55.980 Gojong and Min. It was written half in Korean and half in Japanese. Music theory, Western music

00:43:02.560 theory also came in during this time. Again, the Protestant missionaries introduced like Western 0.83

00:43:07.880 music in the form of Christian hymns, but this created a strong impetus to modernize Korean

00:43:13.060 ideas about music. So instruments like Western musical instruments, like the organ. A Christian

00:43:19.680 hymnal was published in the Korean language in 1893, commissioned by Min. So she never, to be 0.99

00:43:24.940 became a christian uh she remained a devout buddhist with influences from shamanism and

00:43:30.120 confucianism she also opened the economy so they suddenly started doing trade she also i think

00:43:39.580 created mint like to mint coins like for uh this isn't a min coin minting moment but it's like

00:43:46.580 a coin minting moment so yeah so she created a new coin in 1884 which secured a stable

00:43:55.200 korean currency at the time western investments started to take hold with the aid of the united

00:44:02.820 states department of agriculture a new project called american farm was started on a large pot

00:44:08.300 of land donated by queen mint to promote modern agriculture farm implement seeds and milk cows

00:44:13.120 were imported from the United States. The Bureau of Machines was established during her reign,

00:44:18.580 steam engines were imported. However, despite the fact that Gojong and Min brought the Korean

00:44:23.760 economy to an acceptable level to the West, modern manufacturing facilities did not emerge

00:44:28.400 due to her assassination, which kind of got in the way of all of her plans, obviously.

00:44:36.140 so that's queen min i find this story so interesting there's so many resonances that

00:44:43.400 are similar to other there's so many other ruling women we've looked at like the one that i feel the

00:44:48.500 most similar to is it's a bit it's a bit runny didda where it's just kind of like who did she 0.95

00:44:54.960 have the damaras which reminds me like the young bun which is just kind of like these aristocrat 1.00

00:44:59.260 men who are around her just being like a woman what are you gonna do and she's just like fuck 1.00

00:45:03.040 you. I'm so smart. Just do what I'm saying. I know what I'm doing. And you just have to deal 1.00

00:45:07.300 with them, which is also reminds me of like a Mary Queen of Scots moment. I love that Gojong 0.66

00:45:13.860 was there for her in the end, like that she kind of won him over from his dad. It's just such an

00:45:19.720 interesting story. And I'm really excited to learn more about Asian history. Honestly, if you're

00:45:24.980 familiar with anything East Asian history, please let me know. I would love to know more people to

00:45:32.400 write about. Although I could also just watch all these Choson era K-dramas and I'm sure I'd find 0.98

00:45:38.860 some people. Anyway, time to score Queen Min. So some of the categories, I have like a pretty strong 0.96

00:45:47.640 idea. Some of the categories, I'm not sure. So like Scandaliciousness, this is like one where

00:45:51.880 I really need to put myself, like think about all the stuff we talked about in part one, like what

00:45:55.780 the culture was like where it's you know she wasn't she wasn't a Hortense Mancini she's not 0.98

00:46:02.120 like doing like secret sexy things running around but she's like the fact that she like 1.00

00:46:07.820 read books um the fact that she like usurped Daewon Goon with this secret conspiracy plan 0.82

00:46:16.120 like the fact that she really worked towards modernizing Chosan like those things were so

00:46:22.380 scandalous to the people around her. I mean, the fact that she was a woman who educated herself 1.00

00:46:28.720 and spoke her mind, that was so scandalous to given what the culture was like when she started

00:46:36.120 being queen to what it was like when she ended being queen. It was very scandalous to the people

00:46:44.920 around her, that she read books, that she did things on her own, that she wielded this influence

00:46:52.360 that was so unusual that she didn't host tea parties, but she would rather like talk with

00:46:57.660 scholars. Like it was incredibly scandalous. I'm like, honestly, like considering what the

00:47:03.360 culture was like, the actions that she took were super scandalous. And that's part of why people

00:47:08.880 weren't on board with her. I'm going to give her a nine. I'm giving her a nine for scandalousness 0.98

00:47:12.580 because in context, all that stuff, scheminess, I feel like is one where she will get really high

00:47:19.960 Because the question I think of is like, is it like, is it amount of schemes or is it the effectiveness of schemes? And it's like, especially with like looking at a Korean woman or even an Asian woman or just like a non-white woman, scheminess has so many other connotations.

00:47:38.220 so unemphasize that I mean this in a, in the most celebratory manner, like somebody who is

00:47:43.640 smart and intelligent and like comes up with like resilient, like someone who comes up with a plan,

00:47:50.220 thinks of all the angles, like makes it happen. Like, and she was all about that. Like the fact

00:47:55.380 that she, well, everyone was just being like, oh, is she going to have a baby? She was secretly

00:47:59.260 finding ways to like depose Daewon Goon, like the way that everything she did, like her political

00:48:05.180 savvy was so clutch like she was she figured out until she was assassinated like well and the fact

00:48:12.200 she was assassinated because she was so smart like I'm gonna like for her this is just like

00:48:16.120 smartness cleverness like and I do think honestly I think this is a 10 because she was so

00:48:24.120 smart but she also knew like when she was eager to learn from other people and then their ideas

00:48:30.660 helped her come up with new ideas, like her, the lifelong learning of it, like how much she

00:48:35.420 liked books, like just, she was so successful in the face of great odds because she was just so

00:48:44.080 clever and smart. And I'm going to put that all under the umbrella of scheminess in the best

00:48:49.780 possible way. Her significance is one where I really am just going to lean back to people who

00:48:56.300 I talk to about this. Like she's very, very, very well known. I think it would seem to people in

00:49:02.840 modern day Korea or people familiar with Korean history. So in that Malin scene way where it's 0.95

00:49:09.240 just like people who you just kind of know who she is, even if you don't know exactly what her

00:49:14.620 story is, that's the sense I get. Like even children are just like, oh, Queen Min, they just

00:49:18.280 know that she, there's something impressive about her, maybe something kind of scary about her.

00:49:22.740 But in terms of significance, she partially did so much stuff. Some of the things that happened

00:49:30.040 to Choson maybe would have happened no matter who was in charge, but she really dove right in there

00:49:35.720 with China, with Japan, with Russia, with the US. The changes she was implementing, I think,

00:49:43.000 were really crucial. She was assassinated, so I'm not sure what would have happened there in the

00:49:49.200 20th century, had she still been there, I do think she's incredibly significant.

00:49:54.860 And I think I'm going to give her, oh, I really don't, I don't know enough about Korean culture

00:50:02.620 to know, but I do think that she is really famous. I think the stuff she did was really

00:50:07.280 impressive. I'm going to give her a 9.5 for significance. This is going to be a high score.

00:50:14.500 Like, where is this going to land?

00:50:16.760 The sexism bonus is a challenge.

00:50:19.280 It's always a challenge, but that's, you know, it's when there's a story of somebody who is just like, could have done more, but the patriarchal held them back.

00:50:25.740 It's easy to give them a high score for her. 0.99

00:50:27.820 I mean, she was living in this incredibly repressive society for women. 1.00

00:50:33.620 Like there was, but there was a lot of other women around who probably could have done more stuff if, had they been able to. 1.00

00:50:41.440 but she did do a lot of stuff like she became the queen and then she just kind of like

00:50:48.740 kept going um she really proved she was lucky in a way i guess that gojong supported her

00:50:55.260 intelligence um and didn't get in her way like she certainly faced a lot of sexism obviously

00:51:01.380 like this is at least a five just because of like the culture she grew up in how much does sexism 0.85

00:51:05.980 hold her back is tricky because if this had been a man, things might've gone differently. If Gojong

00:51:12.820 had been as smart and as savvy as Min, there's a lot of extra hurdles because she was a woman,

00:51:18.800 because people didn't respect her. But at the same time, how much did that get in her way? 1.00

00:51:25.840 Eventually she was assassinated, not because she was a woman, but because she was an effective 1.00

00:51:29.480 leader, like a hot 10 sex bonus would be a woman who is not able to do a lot of the stuff she did. 1.00

00:51:36.840 Like she kind of busted out and was able to do these things. I'm going to say for her, 0.71

00:51:43.040 controversially, I don't know. I'm going to say, uh, I'm going to say a seven for sexism.

00:51:49.620 so math time this is going to be a high score that is 35.5

00:51:58.120 which for context that is the chevalier day on has 35.5 oh how perfect is this malin scene 35.5

00:52:08.300 because i do think culturally in terms of everything like the two stories do remind me

00:52:13.760 of each other in some ways. Yeah. Harem Soltan has a 36. Her stories also kind of reminds me of

00:52:20.700 this a little bit. And Jenga has a 36. So Queen Min is up there. Like if we're looking at the top

00:52:27.300 scores, she's seven. Like she's seven in seventh place of everybody. I think this is an incredibly

00:52:34.620 good score for a person that I had never heard of before, but who is so interesting and fascinating

00:52:42.820 and important. And I'm really happy to have been able to talk about her and I'm happy where she

00:52:46.880 landed. I think just for reference at the moment, um, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight,

00:52:54.400 nine, 10, six of the top 10 are all from the international season. I'll give you, you know,

00:52:59.640 I'll give you the top, the rundown at the moment. I do. Someone asked me a while ago, I do ask,

00:53:03.740 get asked every now and then, where is the scandal to scale? Where can I find it? And it is not

00:53:08.060 currently online anywhere, I hope one day to do that. And maybe I'll have time too in the future.

00:53:14.500 But at the moment, so Fred again is at the top, 38. Queen Margot, 37.5. Then Njinga,

00:53:22.040 Harem Sultan, both 36. La Chevalier, Dayan, Malinzine, and Queen Min are in next place with 0.52

00:53:30.820 35.5. Christina of Sweden has a 33.5. And then Joanna of Naples with 33. Is that 10?

00:53:38.060 Nope. And then 10th place is Cecilia of Sweden with a 31.5. So that's Queen Min.

00:53:45.080 Thank you for listening. Again, as I always say, but I really mean it. I will never stop meaning

00:53:51.060 it. If you live anywhere near anything I just talked about and you can like visit it and take

00:53:56.640 a picture of it for me, I live for that. Like I love an armchair travel moment. If you're in Korea,

00:54:03.040 love it if you could show me a picture of like anything related to queen men my new icon if you

00:54:08.960 go to vulgarhistory.com there's a button there where you can that leads to a form and on that

00:54:13.360 form you can leave me messages with feedback thoughts especially with stories like this where

00:54:17.980 i'm really i'm excited to share the story but it's very much outside my regular wheelhouse and i want

00:54:24.500 to um to make sure you know if you have thoughts about this i can absolutely do like a follow-up

00:54:29.640 to say like, hey, here's thoughts from people who know more about Korean history and what they think

00:54:33.840 about it. I would love to share that. But also, if you have other suggestions of people that you'd

00:54:37.640 like for me to talk about on the podcast, you can leave those suggestions there. You can, let's see,

00:54:44.140 support the show, vulgarhistory.store is our merch place. If you use code TITSOUT for free

00:54:48.940 shipping or TITSOUT10 for 10% off. If you have ideas for Queen Min merch is something else,

00:54:55.840 reach out let me know and you can also reach out let me know on instagram where i'm at vulgar

00:55:01.820 history pod you can send me a dm there or also on twitter where i am at vulgar history if you want

00:55:07.500 to support the show on patreon and get some extra stuff you go to patreon.com and foster writer and

00:55:14.400 that is where you get early access ad free access to episodes of vulgar history you can also depending

00:55:21.700 on how much you pledge. If you pledge at least $5 or more a month, then you get access to

00:55:26.140 Bulgar Peace Theater. Maybe one day we're going to do The Sword with No Name. I don't know.

00:55:30.860 Or another K-drama. I would love to. Anyway, and also that's the bonus podcast I do with 0.96

00:55:38.780 Lanoa Johnson and Alison Epstein talking about costume dramas. We've recently done Les Miserables,

00:55:43.980 the Hugh Jackman one, by the time you hear this. I don't think we'll have done the next one yet,

00:55:48.680 Our next one up is going to be Newsies. Oh, and then after that, we're definitely going to be 0.96

00:55:54.540 doing Queen Margot, the movie about Queen Margot, which in the Queen Margot episode, I talked about

00:56:01.020 it's so good. I think everyone should watch it. But at that point, when I recorded that a couple

00:56:05.620 of years ago, it was not streaming. Now it is. You can watch the movie. It's literally called

00:56:09.660 Queen Margot, Margot with a T. It's on, I think, Amazon Prime. It's on YouTube. It's on Apple.

00:56:15.600 you can watch it it's a great time oh also you should tell me if you're reaching out to me I'm

00:56:21.680 just like really thirsty for messages I love I love being in touch with you all if you have

00:56:26.320 suggestions of k-dramas like if like your favorite Chosan era tv show or movie like I'm all about it

00:56:33.180 and I really want to watch more of these sorts of things and I think that's everything thank you so 0.98

00:56:38.960 much for listening I'll talk to you next week and until then keep your pants on and your tits out 0.92

00:56:45.600 Volker History is hosted, written, and researched by Anne Foster and edited by Christina Lumagi. 0.97

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Vulgar History - October 05, 2022

International, part 29： Queen Min Takes Over The Kingdom (pt 2⧸2)

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