Vulgar History - Women Leaders, part 8： Queen Anne： Bisexual Icon

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00:00:42.840 power your next move tomorrow. Hello and welcome to Vulgar History. 0.75

00:00:58.360 My name is Anne Foster and this is a feminist women's history comedy podcast. This is season

00:01:05.000 two and what we've been looking at all season long are women leaders in history and the men

00:01:09.920 who whined about them. And this was going to be the season two finale. We've been sort of going

00:01:17.740 in chronological order and this is as close to modern day as we were going to get. But then I

00:01:22.740 found another story that I really wanted to do. So there's going to be one more episode next week.

00:01:27.380 So this is the penultimate episode of season two, which is not to say the penultimate episode of this podcast forever is just of season two.

00:01:35.240 And if you go through the feed, if you're listening to this in real time, I'm recording this during the pandemic era.

00:01:43.600 And I've been releasing some mini-sodes for everybody, just about some interesting stories about past pandemics and world histories and some of the bonkers things that happened that people did during them.

00:01:56.080 So anyway, so what I was doing was I was researching different pandemic stuff. And then I found the story that was really cool. And when I started to sort of write the context for it, I realized like, oh, this is this is a full episode. This isn't just a pandemic mini. So all of which to say, this is a regular episode this week, there'll be another regular episode next week and in between all kinds of pandemic specials, because I keep reading about it for some reason, how other people dealt with pandemic type situations.

00:02:25.040 Anyway, I'm pretty sure today's episode doesn't have any plague in it, although I think there is smallpox.

00:02:33.520 Smallpox is involved. People die of various things because human bodies do that.

00:02:39.080 But anyway, so we've been looking at women leaders in history, most of them, many of them from England and or the United Kingdom as well. 0.84

00:02:49.140 you know, we also had a sojourn into ancient Egypt and ancient Rome. But the woman who I'm

00:02:56.020 going to look at this week is one of, I think, am I right? One of only four officially recognized

00:03:05.680 queen regnants of England slash the United Kingdom. Pretty sure there's only four. And it is Queen Anne 0.98

00:03:12.500 of Great Britain. And she suddenly became very well known after she was a subject of the film

00:03:21.040 The Favourite in 2018 that won the Oscars in 2019. And her story is really, really interesting. And

00:03:29.620 I'm glad that The Favourite came out and that a lot of people saw it and it got a lot of people

00:03:34.480 googling who is Queen Anne because that did really good things for the search engine optimization on

00:03:39.900 my blog anyway but mostly more than anything i'm just glad that it's got people looking at her and

00:03:45.220 reassessing her and figuring out who she is so when i went to see the favorite for the first time

00:03:51.300 because i've seen it more than once obviously because it's an amazing movie i afterwards there

00:03:57.020 were some people in the audience and it was two i think it was two young men it was at least a young

00:04:01.940 man and companion and one of them was just like who like he had clearly just googled who is queen

00:04:07.840 and he was reading some stuff about like oh yeah and like he was reading stuff about Anne Boleyn

00:04:11.960 basically and I was just like should I correct him this is awkward and then um I couldn't stop

00:04:19.360 myself I had to say like oh no no this this it's not the same as Anne Boleyn this is a whole

00:04:24.040 different time period so bold bold of Yorgos Lanthimos the filmmaker to make a film about

00:04:30.000 a woman that not a lot of people knew who she was to begin with and clearly a lot of people went to

00:04:35.800 see the movie and still didn't know who she was because I still get a lot of hits on my on my 0.84

00:04:39.960 website for who is she. So we're going to talk about it because it is an incredibly interesting

00:04:45.640 story with lots of twists, turns, and the whole thing about like women and leadership. A lot of

00:04:52.440 the themes we've looked at at other people this season all come into play again. So let's do it.

00:04:58.420 Anne with an E, I have to say, my name is Anne Foster without an E. Her name is Anne with an E.

00:05:04.560 it's a little strange for me to be talking about Anne in the third person, but here we go.

00:05:10.040 Anne, not me, was born on February 6th, 1665, and she was the fourth child born to then the king.

00:05:19.480 So the king at the time was King Charles II. She was born to King Charles II's younger brother,

00:05:26.540 Prince James, and his wife, Anne Hyde. So King Charles II was very well known for having lots

00:05:32.120 of mistresses and lots of children with his mistresses but no legitimate children this meant

00:05:37.880 that princess anne our main character her father the younger brother of the king was heir to the

00:05:43.620 throne because the whole thing was it goes from father to son from man to man and at this case

00:05:49.260 there wasn't even any women options like it was just going to go to him so her father was heir

00:05:55.320 to the throne meaning that her older brother who is named james her father was also named james

00:06:01.020 this is going to get confusing, like these stories always do. So I'll try and explain who they are

00:06:06.740 in context. So heir to the throne was Anne's father, James. And then next in line to the throne

00:06:13.180 was Anne's older brother, also called James. And then next in line to the throne was Anne's older

00:06:18.100 sister called Mary, and then her. So this is already looking like a pretty unlikely scenario

00:06:23.960 that she's going to end up becoming the monarch at all, right? Lots of people ahead of her who

00:06:28.660 could have their own children etc oh ho that's we all know what's going to happen well you know

00:06:34.600 where it's going to wind up but you don't know what's going to happen because how could you it

00:06:37.900 is a wild story so prince james her father was widely rumored to be a secret catholic and this

00:06:46.880 was an era 1665 when the country's religion was protestant so charles ii the king instructed that

00:06:54.840 Anne and all of her siblings should be raised as Protestants, just in case they wind up taking over the country in the future, so that there would continue to be Protestant monarchs.

00:07:03.340 So the first six years of Anne's life were marked by a lot of death. 0.84

00:07:08.300 And I mean, just from what I've been reading about recently, she was born February 1665.

00:07:13.300 That was just around the time that the Great Plague hit London slash England.

00:07:18.980 So there was a lot of death of people she didn't know, as well as people she did know.

00:07:22.480 so her brother james her older brother died when ann was two years old and at around the same time

00:07:31.800 her parents had another son a new baby brother called charles who died in infancy at around the

00:07:37.460 same time she also had a baby sister named henrietta one year later who was born and then

00:07:42.660 died in infancy and by this point and again we're just this is just the first six years of her life

00:07:48.180 and herself was already dealing with a medical condition of some sort and it's the sort of thing

00:07:54.200 even nowadays people might not know what it is you know when the symptoms are just like we're

00:07:58.360 not sure that's kind of not the symptom of anything so maybe it's all in your head because

00:08:02.280 you're a girl sort of thing so she had a lot of medical issues throughout her life the issue that

00:08:06.980 she had here was that her eyes watered excessively okay um so she was shipped off age four to stay

00:08:13.620 in france with her grandmother because they thought that maybe the fresh french air i don't

00:08:18.000 know maybe she would recuperate over there but shortly after she arrived her grandmother died

00:08:22.860 so then anne was transferred to stay with an aunt who is also in france and then that aunt died and

00:08:29.460 so six-year-old anne was shipped back to england um very soon after she returned two more younger

00:08:36.020 siblings died in infancy and at around the same time her mother died so if you're keeping track

00:08:41.600 we now just have two royal siblings left, Mary, the older sister, and Anne, the younger sister.

00:08:47.980 Unless their father remarried and had another son, these two girls were second and third in

00:08:52.480 line to the throne. But remember how her father was rumored to be a secret Catholic? He came out

00:08:58.580 of the Catholic closet when Anne was eight years old, publicly converting to being a full Roman 0.84

00:09:04.000 Catholic, which was like the biggest scandal ever because the country was Protestant. There had been 0.90

00:09:10.180 numerous wars about this um and then her father chose a new wife because remember his wife had

00:09:15.860 died who was a catholic princess named mary of modena mary of modena was 14 years old making

00:09:22.920 her just six years older than her new stepdaughter anne and everyone started to freak out about the

00:09:29.200 sons that james and mary and modena would likely start having because the sons would be catholic

00:09:33.900 and because of primogeniture they would be ahead of anne and mary and everyone's just panicking

00:09:38.740 because it seems like what if the next king is going to be catholic so in 1677 anne's older

00:09:47.020 sister mary was married to their protestant cousin william the third of orange which is in

00:09:54.800 the netherlands so mary the older sister sailed away to live with him in the netherlands to be

00:10:00.300 queen over there anne was infected with smallpox at around the same time as her sister's wedding

00:10:06.300 so she couldn't attend and she wasn't able to say goodbye which is just pretty sad um also having

00:10:11.720 smallpox is a horrible thing i was reading about that for some of these pandemic podcast episodes

00:10:17.700 and just like it's great that she didn't die of it so speaking of sad um her governess also caught

00:10:24.840 smallpox and died so anne's bad luck of being constantly surrounded by death and her being

00:10:29.880 the only one who doesn't die, continued on. When she was 12 years old, her uncle, King Charles II,

00:10:37.480 chose a husband for her. So she got married to her cousin, Prince George of Denmark, on July 28,

00:10:43.740 1683, which meant Anne got to move out of the family palace and start her own royal court,

00:10:49.920 age 12. She also got her own ladies-in-waiting, and one of them was a childhood friend of hers,

00:10:55.060 a young girl who she'd grown up with whose name was Sarah Churchill. Remember that name,

00:11:00.840 because that's going to come up lots more later. Despite her young age, Anne's marriage to George 0.72

00:11:06.800 was consummated pretty quickly as she became pregnant really soon. Her first pregnancy ended

00:11:13.040 in a stillbirth, but she became pregnant twice more in the next two years, and she had two

00:11:17.980 daughters whose names were Mary, because this story doesn't have enough people named Mary in

00:11:22.780 it yet, apparently, and Anne Sophia, which is a nice name. And soon after that, her uncle King

00:11:28.260 Charles II died, meaning that her father became King James II, a Catholic king. And this meant

00:11:36.520 a whole bunch of new problems for basically everybody. So from basically day one, nobody

00:11:43.540 was a fan of King James II, especially the way that he fired all the Protestant officials and 0.89

00:11:49.020 hired new Catholic people in their place. Anne, who remember had been raised Protestant, because

00:11:54.100 remember her uncle, the king, had made sure that she was raised Protestant, continued to practice

00:11:58.600 her own faith, as did her sister off in the Netherlands with her husband, William. James II

00:12:04.160 was like, so it would be really cool, Anne, if you had your daughters baptized as Catholics.

00:12:10.660 Apparently this made Anne burst into tears, hated Catholics. She didn't want her daughters to be

00:12:15.720 Catholic. Like, she was so upset that from this point on, after he suggested that, she became

00:12:20.320 estranged from her father and her stepmother, Mary of Medina, who was, again, six years older than

00:12:25.480 her. But Anne didn't have a lot of time to focus on family estrangement because her life continued

00:12:31.180 to be unrelentingly tinged with death and tragedy. Over a period of one week, in 1687, she had

00:12:40.160 another miscarriage both of her young daughters died of smallpox and her husband George also fell

00:12:46.060 ill presumably smallpox also this is a story where anytime someone gets sick from this point on which

00:12:53.320 I'm just assuming smallpox so she and George were left grieving the death of their children and the

00:12:58.900 miscarriage as he struggled to survive but George made a full recovery and Anne became pregnant again

00:13:05.140 later that year which ended in another stillbirth but someone else was also not having much luck

00:13:12.560 vis-a-vis pregnancies her six years older stepmother mary of modina so mary of modina

00:13:18.900 the stepmother had become pregnant 10 times since she married anne's father each of these 10

00:13:25.060 pregnancies had ended in either miscarriage stillbirth or the infant death of the child

00:13:29.180 and this is so sad um for mary of modena as a woman as a person just to go through this and

00:13:37.560 was also freaking james out because he needed to have a new catholic heir otherwise his protestant

00:13:42.200 daughters would become his heirs and this was an issue of like oh no women heirs but also like

00:13:47.980 religion thing so as long as he and mary of modena didn't have a surviving child

00:13:52.380 then mary and then anne would be the next monarchs but then mayor of modena suddenly became pregnant

00:13:59.540 and everybody waited to see how it was going to turn out if it was a son and he survived he would

00:14:04.260 be the new catholic heir to the throne which would change everything how lucky and convenient that

00:14:09.960 would be but anne thought this is all just like a little bit too convenient maybe so anne had a

00:14:19.000 theory that her stepmother wasn't really pregnant, but was actually faking being pregnant. And the 0.93

00:14:24.760 plan that Anne thought her stepmother had was that on the delivery day, she'd pull a switcheroo with 1.00

00:14:29.420 some random baby and claim that was the new Catholic heir to the throne. Why would they 1.00

00:14:34.900 maybe do this? Well, basically because Mary of Medina and James were really desperate to have

00:14:39.620 a surviving son and heir to continue on their Catholic ways. And they really didn't want Anne

00:14:44.660 or Mary to become the new queen and switch everybody back to being Protestant. And Anne

00:14:48.900 didn't keep her theory a secret. She made sure that everybody heard this rumor because, as we

00:14:53.800 will see in later examples, she lived for the drama of it all. So a bit before her stepmother's

00:15:00.560 delivery date, Anne had another miscarriage, or she said she did, or she did and used it to her

00:15:06.960 advantage. Anyway, she went off to recuperate in the spa town of Bath. So normally, when the new

00:15:13.960 queen gives birth to a new heir the other heirs come into the room to witness the birth to make

00:15:18.960 in case somebody dies and the others have to like quickly take over because childbirth was so 0.86

00:15:23.300 dangerous at this period but anne was like sorry i can't be there to watch this probably fake birth

00:15:29.520 i'm too busy here at the spa because i just had a miscarriage bye so it was kind of convenient 0.98

00:15:37.000 and so this is where the rumors come from that she had maybe was lying about the miscarriage in

00:15:41.480 order to just have an excuse to not be present for the birth. So while Anne was in Bath, her

00:15:47.460 stepmother allegedly gave birth to a son, or else pulled a switcheroo, or one way or another, there

00:15:53.280 was a new heir to the throne who was a baby named James, who was baptized Catholic. Every male person

00:16:01.020 in the story seems to be called James, but this one is little baby James. So Anne wrote a letter

00:16:05.560 to her sister Mary in the Netherlands, and she was in the letter, she was like, so allegedly

00:16:10.360 this baby james is our half-brother but i don't know if he really is there might have been a

00:16:14.920 switcheroo involved um i wasn't there at the birth because i was tragically at the spa that day

00:16:20.340 so please feel free to spread this rumor around the netherlands and her sister wrote back like

00:16:25.300 solid theory um also p.s william and i are probably going to invade and take over from

00:16:30.500 our catholic father don't tell anyone and ann was like amazing i'll keep her father distracted with

00:16:36.200 all this fake baby stuff so he'll be too busy to notice you and william invading and that is

00:16:40.800 exactly what happened so their father king james ii was really busy defending himself being like

00:16:48.180 my wife just 100 gave birth to to a baby i can prove it look here there's 40 other people were

00:16:53.960 in the room when she gave birth and i'll get them all to testify and they'll all say that they saw

00:16:57.840 the baby came out of her vagina like ann can you please come and hear their testimony so you'll

00:17:02.280 stop spreading these rumors and ann was like i'm sorry i can't travel i'm pregnant um which for

00:17:08.920 most of her life would have been true but at this point was not she was totally lying so her father

00:17:14.200 had a written record of all the 40 witnesses testimony and he was like ann i can send you

00:17:18.500 the minutes of this testimony so you can read it to stop spreading these rumors and she was like

00:17:23.040 no thanks and james um freaked out and ann just kind of kept him distracted with that and then

00:17:29.620 revolution so as her sister had hinted um she and william of orange invaded england on november 5th

00:17:37.340 1688 in order to take over as protestant co-monarchs and it worked they were successful

00:17:43.880 and the whole thing became known as the glorious revolution so now back in england anne had been

00:17:49.800 pretending like she didn't know this was going to happen and in fact the only person that she told

00:17:53.820 was her best friend forever her bff sarah churchill duchess of marlrow remember her from earlier um

00:18:00.900 her lady-in-waiting so sarah churchill was connected to the very powerful churchill family

00:18:06.360 who are side note the ancestors of winston churchill um and so the powerful churchill family

00:18:12.220 supported william and mary's coup but then james found out that the churchills were against him

00:18:16.680 and he ordered that sarah should be arrested and anne freaked out she was like i will never betray

00:18:22.680 my best friend and she secretly snuck out the backstairs of the palace with sarah to escape

00:18:27.560 being arrested when james found out that his daughter had deserted him he was like wow like

00:18:32.660 not even my estranged daughter supports me i guess i'll just go flee to france with my wife

00:18:37.120 and baby james and that is what they did so after all this happened the courtiers like all the

00:18:43.360 people in the palace were like whoa that was like super intense like ann are you okay and she was

00:18:48.200 like it's fine um what day is it tuesday oh tuesday that's the day i play cards let's play cards and

00:18:53.640 everybody was like whoa look how chill she is amid all this drama and she literally played cards but

00:18:58.640 like look at her life to this point she was like like a first responder type person like she's

00:19:03.820 somebody who's like so constantly living through extremely stressful dramatic things her tolerance

00:19:09.240 for highly stressful situations was clearly much higher than that of the average person and so she

00:19:14.400 played cards and william and mary were protestant co-monarchs of england and everything was glorious

00:19:19.600 for like five minutes so since william and mary didn't have any of their own children

00:19:24.600 a whole decision had to be made about who would be their heir as co-monarchs whichever one of

00:19:30.540 them died first would be succeeded by the other one so sort of like if you listen to the podcast

00:19:34.920 from two weeks ago the whole isabella ferdinand scenario so so it's like william's heir is mary

00:19:40.640 and mary's heir is william but once they're both dead who would it go to um and so the next heir

00:19:45.440 would be anne or her children if she had any children at this point she did not um but then

00:19:52.820 the year after the glorious revolution and had another child he had a son who named william

00:19:57.260 um he not only survived childbirth and infancy but like kept growing up so he was now the heir

00:20:03.740 to william and mary baby william so william and mary were so grateful to sarah and the churchill

00:20:08.960 family for having supported them during the whole revolution that they gave her husband the title

00:20:12.900 Earl of Marlborough and this is how Sarah herself becomes the Duchess of Marlborough and then again

00:20:19.400 everything's great for five minutes and then becomes chaos again because that is like what 0.96

00:20:24.680 this whole woman's life is like so everything's amazing so Anne was like my sister is the queen 1.00

00:20:30.000 she's a Protestant like me William and Mary I would like to have a palace I can live in and also lots

00:20:36.080 of allowance money thank you and William and Mary were like we'll give you a palace but we're not

00:20:41.920 going to give you any allowance money and Anne was like okay but can you give my husband George

00:20:46.740 an important military role and Mary and William were like no and then Anne was like okay well now

00:20:53.180 we're estranged forever the only friend I need in my life is Sarah Churchill goodbye forever so she

00:20:58.760 just like when someone burned a bridge with Anne she was just like done with them clearly a character

00:21:04.800 trait so the only friend she had or that she felt she needed was sarah churchill so they were really

00:21:11.300 really really close in a way that princesses and duchesses weren't usually and in a way that they

00:21:17.960 kind of weren't supposed to be based on like cultural expectations etc in the film the favorite

00:21:24.160 they showed them as being in a sexual relationship maybe they were um who knows but they were

00:21:29.360 definitely really really close and saw the two of them as equals and as such they called each other

00:21:34.400 by the nicknames mrs morley and mrs freeman to indicate how they were on the same level like

00:21:39.740 class base system wise but then william and mary began to suspect that sarah's husband was secretly

00:21:46.620 meeting with supporters of the deposed king james in france and this was treason so they fired the

00:21:52.440 earl of marlborough from his various important jobs and demanded that anne remove sarah as one

00:21:56.620 of her ladies-in-waiting but like clearly at this point like anne was never gonna betray her best

00:22:01.860 friend um so it all got super intense to the point that mary personally fired sarah herself which was

00:22:07.940 like really not really done because sarah was technically a lady-in-waiting for anne and then

00:22:13.400 anne just like went full-on nuclear option so anne stormed to the castle and ran off to live in a 0.99

00:22:19.140 different castle because she couldn't even stand to look at her sister anymore after this betrayal 1.00

00:22:23.300 and mary then she fired anne's guard of honor and officially forbid anyone from talking to her like

00:22:30.480 none of the servants could talk to her like no one would talk to her um so anne was in this other

00:22:35.200 palace surrounded by people who weren't even allowed to acknowledge that she was there so

00:22:39.500 this like sisterly drama playing out in this like 17th century royal setting it's just wild i want

00:22:46.720 to have like a prequel like mini series to the favorite about young anne and mary because this

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00:23:46.280 The war is over and both sides lost.

00:23:50.440 Kingdoms were reduced to cinders, and armies scattered like bones in the dust.

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00:25:17.160 and we're back so as ever i mean anne was pregnant through all of this like just assume

00:25:27.780 until her husband dies she is constantly pregnant because she was um so in the midst of all this

00:25:32.740 drama with her and her sister she gave birth to another son who only lived for a few minutes

00:25:36.840 sadly william was still there though she still had one son so after this latest child death

00:25:41.600 mary headed off to the other castle and so you think like was she gonna go and make amends with

00:25:45.880 her sister was she gonna like help grieve with her over this child death um of course not what 1.00

00:25:51.180 happened is mary stomped into anne's room being like oh stop being friends with sarah i hate you 0.99

00:25:55.760 and then anne was like i hate you too and then she moved to another different castle even further

00:26:00.320 away and she never saw her sister again because mary died two years later of smallpox and these

00:26:06.540 were two women who could hold a grudge so mary is now dead which means william becomes the solo king

00:26:13.320 on his own because he was the co-monarch and kind of her heir. So his heirs at this point were Anne's

00:26:20.120 son, baby William. And Anne was kind of the next heir, I guess, until William had his own other

00:26:27.620 baby William had his own son. So the king, King William, decided to try and smooth over the

00:26:31.880 relationship between him and Anne because basically that's all he had vis-a-vis heirs.

00:26:36.900 So he gave back all the possessions and titles that Mary had previously removed from her.

00:26:40.680 he allowed people to talk to her again and invited her to come back and live in the main palace

00:26:45.220 he even gave ann all of mary's jewels and then restored sarah and her husband to their former

00:26:50.140 positions so everything was doing great on one way but health-wise ann was doing not so well

00:26:57.040 so her 17th 17th pregnancy ended in a miscarriage at around this time um and all for other health 0.92

00:27:05.240 various health problems became even worse. So doctors back then had different methodologies

00:27:11.040 and diagnoses than we do now. But based on her symptoms, it seems like Anne likely had a pretty

00:27:17.700 bad combination of arthritis, gout, and other things, including the aftereffects of being

00:27:22.700 pregnant 17 times. Increasingly frequently, she had trouble walking. So she sometimes used a chair

00:27:28.000 with wheels on it because wheelchairs hadn't been invented yet. She sometimes had people carry her 0.91

00:27:32.860 around in chairs without wheels on them. So she's living with chronic pain, presumably

00:27:38.820 psychological issues based on like literally her whole life so far. And then her son, William,

00:27:44.680 died aged 11. I'm not sure of what. I'm going to guess smallpox, but some sort of health-based

00:27:52.400 issue. His date of death was July 30th, and Anne decreed that every year on July 30th,

00:27:58.260 everybody in the household that lived with her were to mark that day as a day of mourning.

00:28:01.900 and what this meant with his death was that anne is literally the only remaining heir to king

00:28:08.960 william so parliament was pretty frantic at this point but the issue of who would be heir after

00:28:14.100 all these childless people not only because they're like a woman inheriting like that's

00:28:18.800 we don't love that idea but also like what if the next person in line was catholic or something like

00:28:24.660 if anne inherited like it's not their top choice but also like she didn't have any surviving

00:28:29.120 children so who would inherit after her so it's like a two-pronged two-stage inheritance crisis

00:28:34.940 um so they unfurled the family tree crossed off everybody who was catholic and looked to see who

00:28:41.220 was left like 50 names were removed from the line of succession which meant that a very distant

00:28:47.620 relation um who was a protestant woman named sophia elector of hanover went from 51st in line

00:28:55.320 to first in line who is sophia elector of hanover i'm glad you asked she was the granddaughter of

00:29:01.640 james the first who was mary queen of scots's son so james the first had a daughter named who

00:29:08.480 was elizabeth of bohemia and then sophia was a descendant of her um so she was the great

00:29:16.560 granddaughter of mary queen of scots and the great great grand great great granddaughter

00:29:21.000 of henry the eighth's older sister margaret tudor but what mattered most to everybody

00:29:25.540 like and she's a woman and they're like as long as he's protestant even being a woman is okay

00:29:30.160 and so an act was written up saying that she was the next heir after anne and then her protestant

00:29:37.360 descendants after her but first things first so william died in 1702 which may mean meant that

00:29:45.080 Queen Anne, Anne became Queen Anne. She was at this point 37 years old and doing poorly health-wise

00:29:51.320 to the extent that she had to be carried down the aisle of Westminster Abbey in a chair

00:29:55.400 as she couldn't walk for her coronation. But to make it all dramatic, someone, probably Sarah

00:30:01.300 Churchill, arranged for a low back to be put on the chair so Anne's long train could unfurl

00:30:05.820 dramatically behind her down the aisle, which sounds amazing. Among her first acts as queen

00:30:10.640 was to give a bunch of important titles to her husband George as well as to Sarah and to Sarah's

00:30:15.440 husband and this is basically where the movie The Favorite begins so Anne now the queen was beyond

00:30:23.600 devoted to her best friend Sarah Churchill to the point that everyone around them was like

00:30:27.060 um this is weird why is Sarah Churchill so important to this woman and did things like

00:30:33.740 she gave Sarah her own palace and did basically everything nice for her and Sarah was sort of

00:30:40.260 mean to her sometimes. And it was seemingly a sort of toxic scenario where Anne sort of like

00:30:45.860 indulged her and then Sarah was sort of mean back to her. And again, like you can see this all in

00:30:49.940 the favorite, the film. And then into this codependent scenario arrived a new courtier

00:30:54.840 named Abigail Hill. And this is the role played by Emma Stone in the movie. And Anne liked her

00:31:00.600 a lot. And they became secret friends because she knew that Sarah didn't want her to be friends

00:31:05.680 with anybody else. Sarah didn't even know that they were friends until Abigail got married to

00:31:10.640 a man named Baron Masham, making her now Abigail Baroness Masham, and Anne was a guest at the

00:31:16.060 wedding. So Sarah found out that Anne and Abigail were close enough that Anne got a wedding invitation

00:31:20.920 and Sarah Churchill freaked out in like rage, jealousy. So there were special rooms at Kensington

00:31:27.180 Palace reserved for Sarah when she came to stay there to visit her friend, the Queen. But since

00:31:32.260 Sarah spent most of her time off in her own personal castle and let Abigail move into Sarah's 0.86

00:31:37.580 rooms. And then Sarah freaked out when she found out about that. And then everything just gets 0.65

00:31:41.760 wild. So Sarah showed up at court with a very like raunchy poem all about how the queen was

00:31:48.920 in a sexual relationship with Abigail. Sarah didn't write the poem. She had like commissioned

00:31:53.700 it from a poet. And so she had this poem that she had written. And then she went to the queen like,

00:31:59.420 oh my god look someone wrote this poem but you and abigail spending time with her is ruining

00:32:03.300 your reputations you should stop being friends with her you should be friends with me instead

00:32:06.420 and ann was like can't i have two friends but secretly ann seemed to enjoy having sarah and

00:32:11.700 abigail fighting over her again the movie the favorite goes through the stuff and a lot of this

00:32:16.500 drama was a very sort of etiquette battle sort of thing like one of sarah's jobs is picking out

00:32:22.960 which jewels the queen would wear each day and one day the queen chose to wear different jewels 0.94

00:32:27.300 from the one Sarah had chosen and then Sarah freaked out because not wearing the jewels she'd 0.86

00:32:31.780 chosen was like the etiquette version of being punched in the face so Sarah who clearly had 0.83

00:32:36.740 quite a temper that she was not afraid of demonstrating literally yelled at the queen 0.98

00:32:40.520 in public to shut up which is like you're not allowed to do that that's kind of treason but

00:32:47.060 nobody stopped her and Anne didn't punish her so it's all just sort of like a that's that's the

00:32:51.980 culture that's going on and so to add to all of this just like wild sequence of events um ann's

00:32:59.080 husband suddenly died again i'm guessing smallpox and was super upset about this obviously they've

00:33:05.160 been husband for decades um they've been through a lot together as a couple such as 17 pregnancies

00:33:11.640 and all the child death she'd always had a portrait of her husband george hanging in her room and one

00:33:16.460 day she went into her room and it was gone and sarah was like yeah that was me i took down the

00:33:20.420 portrait because they thought it would make you sad and you shouldn't look at it. And then Anne

00:33:24.280 was like, put it back. And Sarah was like, make me. And Anne was like, I'm the queen. And Sarah

00:33:29.700 was like, me, me, me. And then they just sort of had this huge fight. And that's the sort of stuff

00:33:34.540 that was going on. Eventually, Anne wrote a letter to Sarah's husband, like, can you please tell your

00:33:37.920 wife to stop being mean to me and stop yelling at me and stop stealing paintings of my dead husband?

00:33:42.540 And Sarah's husband was like, what's going on, Sarah? And so Sarah went to have a face-to-face

00:33:47.160 with Anne, which happened on April 6th, 1710, and they had a friend breakup. These two were now

00:33:53.300 officially estranged and say what you will about Queen Anne I, but when she decided to end a

00:33:59.260 relationship with somebody, she just like, she did. She wouldn't. No looking back. So meanwhile,

00:34:06.320 back in France, Anne's father, the former king James, was hanging out with his wife,

00:34:10.840 Mary of Modena, their son, baby James, and they had another child who they named Louisa Maria

00:34:15.980 teresa so by now baby james who was now an adult um had been brought up being told that he was

00:34:22.600 actually the rightful king of england and he believed it and he kind of was the rightful king

00:34:27.480 of england because william and mary sort of like took over um anyway so james the younger formerly

00:34:36.200 baby james and his supporters were called the jacobites and they decided to sail over to scotland

00:34:41.620 and begin the work of taking the country back and making it Catholic. They had some secret allies

00:34:46.940 who he thought would help, but Anne had spies of her own who intercepted James and chased him away.

00:34:52.180 But then Sarah Churchill, a woman who could seriously carry a grudge, was spreading the story

00:34:57.400 that Anne secretly wanted her half-brother James to become the heir instead of Sophia Elector of 0.88

00:35:03.380 Hanover. And just like how it was impossible for her father to prove that his child wasn't

00:35:08.460 secretly switcherooed and found it impossible to convince anyone that this gossip wasn't true

00:35:13.280 because when people don't like you they can't really be convinced that mean rumors about you

00:35:17.260 aren't true throughout all of this like this is all just like personal life stuff and that's what

00:35:23.240 I tend to be most interested in and what I tend to talk about on the podcast but bear in mind

00:35:27.880 Anne was also being the queen so she sat in more cabinet meetings than any previous English monarch

00:35:33.500 had ever done and also more than most of the later monarchs did she was interested in what

00:35:38.500 was going on in parliament and did lots of important political stuff that other people

00:35:41.900 have written about i'm just here to tell you the juicy gossip bits but i'll put some some 0.99

00:35:46.500 recommended reading in the show notes for this if you want to read about her political side of her 0.98

00:35:52.620 life um even though anne's health concerns were becoming more and more exacerbated like she became 0.99

00:35:58.960 basically a bedridden invalid um she before like she could walk but she sometimes needed a

00:36:05.380 wheelchair instead now she like couldn't even walk anymore she would wheel herself in her chair with

00:36:09.880 wheels or have people carry her into parliament where she attended like all night or meetings to

00:36:14.880 go over important government business and then on july 30th 1714 which is the anniversary the

00:36:21.680 14th anniversary of the death of her son william the date that she always had everyone commemorate

00:36:26.600 as a day of mourning. Anne had a stroke that left her unable to speak and then she passed away on

00:36:31.820 April 1st 1714 aged 49. Queen Anne was buried in Westminster Abbey the same place where 12 years

00:36:40.360 before she'd been carried down the aisle in a chair with a low back so that she could have a

00:36:45.320 train. She was laid to rest next to her husband George as well as the remains of many of her

00:36:50.200 stillborn and infant children, as well as her son, William, who died aged 11. And Sophia,

00:36:57.680 elector of Hanover, who had been her heir, actually died just a few months before, which

00:37:01.680 meant that Anne's heir was Sophia's son, who became King George I. And we'll talk about that

00:37:08.140 another time. Oh, he was the one who was the king during Mary Toft, giving birth to rabbits 0.96

00:37:14.020 scenario, if you want to just like match these Jenga pieces up in your mind. But the story doesn't

00:37:19.960 and here, because Sarah Churchill was not willing to let go of her grudge, even though Anne

00:37:24.320 was dead. So Sarah lived for 30 more years after Anne had died, and later published a memoir that

00:37:32.320 basically trashed Anne as being the simpleton slash idiot, and spilled lots of like, quote-unquote 0.97

00:37:37.600 secrets that may or may not have been true. But because everyone knew how close Sarah had been to 1.00

00:37:41.700 the Queen, her word was taken as truth, and this affected Queen Anne's reputation for centuries to

00:37:47.200 come because conveniently Sarah's description of Anne is this kind of useless and overly emotional 0.80

00:37:52.600 woman fell neatly into that patriarchal stereotype of women being unsuited for leadership roles

00:37:57.720 which may also be why her story was the story was accepted so readily but the third point of the 0.98

00:38:05.220 the favorites sort of love triangle Abigail Masham left royal court after Anne's death and

00:38:11.060 lived out the rest of her life in private so Sarah Churchill is the only one who's just like

00:38:15.240 clinging onto this whole thing. And although Anne's reign was relatively short, I don't know,

00:38:21.240 it was 12 years, which is shorter than some, longer than others. She was the sitting monarch

00:38:26.320 during a number of hugely important political events, such as England and Scotland uniting

00:38:30.600 into Europe's then largest free trade area. She oversaw numerous successful battles, like she

00:38:36.440 wasn't on the battlefield, but a king wouldn't have been either. Actually, Sarah Churchill's

00:38:41.500 husband, Lord Marlborough, led a lot of these battles. But she was the queen while these

00:38:45.160 battles happened, especially a lot of sea battles. She was a noted patron of the arts and literature

00:38:50.100 and was the namesake for the well-known Queen Anne style of architecture and furniture.

00:38:54.960 The timing of her reign coincided with a time of a whole lot of colonization by English people

00:39:00.960 in Eastern North America. So a bunch of places were named after her, including the American

00:39:05.840 city of annapolis the nova scotian annapolis royal and annapolis valley and fort anne as well

00:39:12.060 as princess anne street in fredericksburg virginia and queen square in bloomsbury london so it's time

00:39:20.420 to go through a scandalous scale for queen anne and this is an interesting one like in terms of

00:39:25.140 like women leaders and the men who whined about them like there was her reputation suffered a lot

00:39:30.340 and a lot of that was because of how sarah churchill whined about it frankly and it's

00:39:36.420 interesting too because of the whole religious the whole catholic versus protestant thing that

00:39:40.800 she was a woman which was not a lot of people's first choice but she was protestant and that was

00:39:46.920 preferred to a catholic same with sophia of hanover but we're going to go into the scandalous

00:39:54.000 scale here and the first category is scandalousness and i think queen anne gets a 10 1.00

00:40:02.320 for scandalousness just because she was super into um gossip the whole thing where she like 1.00

00:40:08.540 went to the spa on purpose potentially pretending to have had a miscarriage just so she could like 0.98

00:40:13.220 continue to spread rumors about her half-brother maybe having been switched at birth um the whole

00:40:19.960 i mean the sarah churchill screaming at her in front of other people sarah churchill showing up

00:40:24.900 with the like lesbian poems like just the whole the court at this time seemed to have been quite

00:40:31.760 scandalous and that was a lot of her you know what i'm gonna give her like an maybe not 10 maybe

00:40:37.620 like an 8 an 8 for scandalousness because there's like a lot of juicy gossip type stuff going on but 0.91

00:40:43.020 in terms of like comparing her to other people that we've done on the show there has there's

00:40:46.860 not like a there's no murder moment you know there's not that one major scandal that really

00:40:51.960 tips everything over but just her life she lived her life in a scandalous sort of way that i

00:40:56.760 respect scheminess um i'm gonna give her a nine for scheminess i think because while we don't know 1.00

00:41:03.680 a lot of the schemes that she got up to like the ones that we do know about like again like spreading

00:41:08.800 rumors about her half-brother being maybe switched up earth the whole thing with like the fact that

00:41:14.520 she knew that her sister was going to invade and she didn't tell anybody the way that she

00:41:18.380 snuck away in the middle of the night to keep Sarah Churchill from being fired.

00:41:22.140 Her scheminess is good. 1.00

00:41:23.260 And then also, because we looked at other people this way in terms of how they ruled, 1.00

00:41:28.120 how they led, she oversaw a lot of successful military campaigns, which is sort of scheminess.

00:41:35.760 Her significance is a tricky one because she for a long time was seen as quite insignificant.

00:41:44.520 She was queen for 12 years, and during those 12 years, a lot of stuff happened that was

00:41:49.700 helpful to England, such as the beginnings of Great Britain happening, a lot of military

00:41:56.920 victories, a lot of places were named after her.

00:41:59.720 So it's sort of like she was significant in a way, like Annapolis is like a thing a lot

00:42:04.620 of people have heard about, even if people don't know who she was, to the point when

00:42:07.660 the movie The Favourite came out, everybody started Googling who is she and read my essay.

00:42:12.340 i'm gonna say 6.5 6.5 for significance and the final category is the sexism bonus and this is

00:42:23.440 interesting to consider because on the one hand if she had been um in a situation where women were 0.80

00:42:30.560 more respected um like she would have just been the heir and her father maybe wouldn't have got

00:42:35.820 married there wouldn't have been the whole jacobite rebellion and stuff but it's interesting

00:42:39.460 in a way like that her gender didn't super get in her way like she became the heir because there

00:42:45.560 was no one else to be the heir after william and mary and then she had i mean 17 pregnancies um

00:42:54.220 like a lot of health problems like a lot of and that was all related to her biology and stuff

00:43:00.040 if she hadn't been pregnant all those many times maybe she wouldn't have had health problems

00:43:04.280 I don't know I mean I can't give her less than a five for sexism but honestly and intriguingly I

00:43:10.900 don't think that was really one of the big challenges they got in her way so let me just

00:43:15.260 add this up we have 28.5 so where does that land her um next week when I do the finale for the

00:43:26.360 season I'm gonna post kind of all the scores so everybody else can see them because I always find

00:43:30.580 interesting to see i always say and i mean it very genuinely like i'm not putting these women

00:43:35.060 against each other to say like who's cooler than the other who's better than the other but just

00:43:38.860 i'm scoring on four different things and where does everybody fall when you score them in this

00:43:43.580 way but 28.5 puts her in fifth place overall like in terms of scores she is shockingly 0.5 above

00:43:53.360 cleopatra and so she's just below elizabeth bathory who has a 29 i feel like they sort of

00:43:59.560 have some some similarities there i'll post this whole list next week i think because it is

00:44:04.360 interesting to see where everybody goes but frankly um and maybe it's because this season

00:44:08.520 we've been doing women leaders which inherently means they're i guess more significant but the 1.00

00:44:13.200 top three right now so agrippina the younger has 31 empress matilda has 30 juana the first of

00:44:20.340 castile is 30 and then those are all from this season elizabeth bathory from season one is at

00:44:25.140 29 and then queen anne is fifth place at 28.5 with cleopatra and lucy hay tied just below her

00:44:32.380 at 28 anyway that is queen anne of great britain there are a bunch of books okay sorry there's not

00:44:39.840 a bunch of books there's literally like two books um there's a book called queen anne the politics

00:44:44.480 of passion by anne somerset which gets into i think it's a great title the politics of passion

00:44:50.800 because her emotional, like her relationships with people

00:44:54.620 were such a significant part of her.

00:44:56.900 She also had a lot of, as they describe it here

00:44:59.160 in the description of the book, personal misfortune,

00:45:02.540 just the death that constantly surrounded her,

00:45:04.920 just a lot of the health problems she had.

00:45:07.320 So yeah, if she had been, I don't know,

00:45:09.880 I'm reconsidering, like if she had been a man king

00:45:12.560 with similar problems, like I don't think anyone would be like,

00:45:14.780 oh my God, this poor man, he had 17 pregnancies.

00:45:18.700 Well, I mean, chances are he wouldn't.

00:45:20.360 But like people don't look at her husband and saying like, oh, this poor man, his, he fathered 17 failed pregnancies. So no, she's really judged harshly. It's not like, it's like she was judged harshly in her time. She's judged harshly in retrospect by people who say like, ooh, you know, she was a woman. She was emotional. She had these like relationships with people. She had all these pregnancy health problems in a way that men wouldn't be judged.

00:45:47.100 but to the point that it sort of supersedes her what she actually did as a monarch which was

00:45:52.940 lots of impressive stuff seeing england through a pretty rocky time so there's that book queen anne

00:45:57.960 the politics of passion by anne somerset and there's also a book called um the favorite colon

00:46:03.840 the life of sarah churchill and the history behind the major motion picture so this is about sarah

00:46:08.740 churchill slash anne is another book um and i'll put all the links to that in the show notes i don't

00:46:15.840 know is this is i don't know i've never done this before but i think i'm gonna bump up her sexism

00:46:20.880 bonus a little bit because in her time she didn't face a lot of it but like afterwards she did i

00:46:26.680 gave her a seven for sexism and i feel like i'm gonna give her an eight for sexism which yes is

00:46:33.180 going to increase her score now she's at 29.5 because she i don't know everybody did it's not

00:46:40.520 a contest um but the people who are up here are she faced i don't know i feel i feel good about

00:46:46.320 that just talking it through so now she's fourth place agrippina the younger 31 empress matilda 30

00:46:53.420 juana the first of castile at 30 queen anne the first 29.5 elizabeth bathrey 29 these are all

00:47:00.160 women on this list who faced they all face sexism anyway that's kind of the theme of what we're

00:47:06.640 looking at anyway this is the vulgar history podcast my name is ann foster i'm just going to

00:47:12.420 run through um the things that i always say at the end just like little reminders for you

00:47:17.440 for instance um if you want to find some books to read some i think they're all historical

00:47:25.260 non-fiction books um the ones that i recommend the ones that i've been using for researching

00:47:30.180 this podcast and other projects i'm working on are all listed on my bookshop.org page so if you

00:47:36.700 go to bookshop.org slash lists slash vulgar history recommends with dashes between vulgar

00:47:42.620 history recommends you can find a list of these books about queen anne as well as other books

00:47:46.760 about other women we've been talking about and other books about just non-fiction books that i

00:47:50.640 recommend bookshop.org is a fantastic site um the money from there goes towards independent

00:47:55.840 bookstores who need so much support right now in this pandemic era um so i'm supporting them in

00:48:04.020 this little way that i can the link to that will be in the show notes as well i've got my little

00:48:08.260 merch store so if you go to teespring.com slash stores slash vulgar history you can find t-shirts

00:48:15.160 tote bags mugs all different sorts of items that are all celebrating commemorating the women who

00:48:21.160 we've been looking at during this season um i've got one like a an item for each of the different

00:48:26.920 women so if there's somebody who's your fave there's somebody who you want to represent

00:48:29.860 um i just put out the juana of castile stuff which is just a portrait of her and it says like

00:48:35.460 la reina like the queen um it's pretty great the thing about the merch store is that i basically

00:48:41.420 want to buy everything from it for myself but maybe you'll like some of the stuff as well

00:48:44.700 um and again that's a teespring and there'll be an item there when this episode drops um for queen

00:48:50.760 anne as well because she's someone who is very much worth celebrating i think um if you're going

00:48:56.880 to support me slash this podcast my patreon is patreon.com slash anne foster writer the original

00:49:03.140 essay that i wrote about queen anne um which again because of this film and people seeing it and no

00:49:08.320 one knowing who she was i had it did amazing things for my website this film just people

00:49:13.600 googling who is this person and then reading my essay about it so you can find that essay at

00:49:17.700 annfosterwriter.com the podcast is also on instagram and twitter and if you have thoughts

00:49:25.080 or comments or whatever you can email that vulgar history pod at gmail.com and yes this is there's 0.73

00:49:32.380 going to be one more episode in this season of women leaders in history and the men who wind 0.93

00:49:36.300 about them that'll be coming out next wednesday in the meantime there's going to be some more

00:49:41.720 catch up on the bonus episodes the pandemic super specials and on the patreon i've been

00:49:47.800 planning and there's more in the works i have some patreon only mini episodes that are called

00:49:52.800 so this asshole looking at various men in history rereading through all the stuff about queen anne i

00:49:59.740 feel like her father james ii would be a suitable subject for so this asshole so those are just on 0.97

00:50:07.640 the patreon page as well um yeah so my name is ann foster this is the vulgar history podcast i hope 0.69

00:50:14.380 you're all doing well i hope that these gossipy stories of history are a fun distraction for

00:50:20.080 everybody and i'll talk to you all next time vulgar history is researched written and hosted by ann

00:50:27.700 foster that's me the editor is christina lumagi theme music is by the severne duo the vulgar

00:50:34.740 History Show image is by Debra Wong. Transcripts are written by Aveline Malik.

00:50:39.420 Find transcripts of recent episodes at vulgarhistory.com.

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Vulgar History - April 15, 2020

Women Leaders, part 8： Queen Anne： Bisexual Icon

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