00:14:11.000And so probably like Leah Payne did last year in that episode, just as she was defining the CCM industry, there's also, I think you have to also take a step back and define white evangelicalism.
00:14:25.580So if you look at evangelicalism, there's so many different ways that you can define it.
00:14:30.860So you can define it by beliefs, belief system, like the Bebbington Quadrilatical.
00:14:35.740That's where there are four different markers or identifiers that evangelicals are known
00:15:46.480And with that, you have a shared experience.
00:15:49.000And so in a place like church camp, which almost then operates as this utopia, this perfect place of shared values and conversation and understanding and whatever else, where as long as you believe the right things and say the right things and do the right things, then you are in.
00:16:07.800Then there's also within this utopia, this utopian setting, there's also exclusion that happens.
00:16:14.740So Kristen Dume says that oftentimes evangelicalism is defined by exclusion.
00:16:21.040You can look at the history of it and see the exclusionary practices.
00:16:24.520So you can see how there's an exclusion toward people who don't believe that the Bible is the literal word of God.
00:16:33.580It might extend toward values about men and women.
00:16:36.920Like we see that now with different bills that are in the house.
00:16:40.380but you then see that when it comes to um anti-lgbtq rhetoric or everything that has happened
00:16:47.160this last year around issues of dei so there are these shared values that are in that and within
00:16:53.220that because there is there are shared values and shared understanding that is part of what is
00:16:59.740creating the separation um so i think i that's when i thought about your question jordi that's
00:17:05.660that was the first thing that came to mind there were a couple different places i thought about
00:17:09.080going. But I was like, this is what is most valued and really like creating these places,
00:17:15.540whether they're denominational or non-denominational or through a parachurch,
00:17:20.720they're instilling values within children and really within the next generation
00:17:26.100who are going to become grownups and who are going to, you know, hopefully influence culture.
00:17:32.380The idea of camp as this experience of utopia is so useful to me because I think that that is what makes it such a persuasive tool, especially with children. It's like, this is what it could be like to have fun all the time.
00:17:50.080I just have to like sometimes read the Bible. We get to sing songs every night. There are older kids in their teens who are interested in us and take care of us and there's no parents. And we get to sleep in bunk beds. Like it's just the most fun, right?
00:18:06.940Or like when you're a teen, there's no school pressures, we're just flirting, but it's a
00:18:12.740safe environment where it's okay that we're with other kids in spaces all the time.
00:18:18.020And it teaches you too that like, okay, what if I, if I want this all the time, all I have
00:18:23.840to do is give my heart to Christ, right?
00:18:25.640Like I just have to become a Christian.
00:18:27.620Like it holds that promise forth and it's not necessarily an experience that you get
00:18:33.140and every day but then like your life rotates around I think anyone who went to these camps
00:18:38.060maybe also if they were part of youth group like you got a little bite of it every week at youth
00:18:42.320group and then if you did the weekend retreats which we did throughout the year like every
00:18:46.820quarter there was one where you went like on an overnight and it was a little bit more of that
00:18:51.380camp experience and it was an incredible place of social like it was safe socialization right0.99
00:18:58.120but it was so exclusionary like you had to like constantly especially as a woman be like what are
00:19:05.640all the parts of me that are bad and that I should feel bad about and I cannot cannot imagine how
00:19:11.260difficult it would have been if you were gay and you were trying to process this like yeah just
00:19:17.360horrible to be told over and over again that this way that you felt inside was the most sinful thing
00:19:25.200100% I mean the book the book started for me in and with a number of different places like
00:19:32.880it started with this um this this question of the both and as far as when um in my life was
00:19:40.100there an experience of the both and uh in which I felt the tension of two opposite things being
00:19:45.780true at the same time and for me that was camp where it held so many of my dearest memories
00:19:50.580and it was a place that I felt was problematic.
00:19:54.560But the question also began with wondering if I could send my own kids to camp
00:19:59.700or at least to the camps that I went to as a child and that I worked at as a grownup.
00:20:04.800But then third, it also started with a question of wondering about the harm
00:20:11.380that was happening, that was taking place, the exclusion that was taking place
00:20:15.840toward women, people of color, and the LGBTQ plus community specifically.
00:20:20.580And so the impetus of those three together, that's what birthed the book.
00:20:25.200And with the almost 50 people that I interviewed, there was there was some facet of understanding and of understanding, but also of having experienced exclusion in these environments, perhaps except for the white, straight males that I interviewed, that was true of everyone.
00:20:44.880So those parts of their identities and or of their personhood that they could absolutely
00:20:49.320not do anything about were the very parts that camp excluded.
00:20:54.960The one thing I'll say that camp does to white straight males, like this is the only time
00:21:00.480in life that I feel like, oh, this is also rough on dudes is like the incredible focus0.98
00:21:05.840in those boys cabins on masturbation and on like stopping masturbating like that.
00:21:11.240that would be so hard to deal with that and to, oh, like to feel just horrible about it all the0.98
00:21:18.340time. Um, but we can get into that. Yeah. They might be feeling bad about masturbation,
00:21:23.460but like women, young girls are made to feel bad about the entire bodies and their personhood and0.69
00:21:29.700their identity. Not equal, not equal, but there is some sexual.
00:21:33.200shaming. Today's episode is brought to you by Blissey. I wish I knew earlier, Melody, that
00:21:45.460satin is not great for you. But Blissey, this is a pillowcase company, is silk. So okay, let me talk
00:21:53.780a little bit about what I mean when they say satin is bad for you. It's not like satin makes you
00:21:57.280break out in hives or whatever. It just doesn't provide the same benefits, at least when we're
00:22:01.620talking about pillowcases as silk. Satin is made from synthetics, and it's rough on hair and skin.
00:22:08.320There's a reason that it's often significantly cheaper. Whereas silk is easier on your hair
00:22:14.120and skin. You have less breakage with your hair. And Blissey's pillowcases are also antibacterial,
00:22:20.300so that means fewer weird zits for someone who's 44 like me. It's dermatologist tested and
00:22:27.280recommended and clinically proven not to clog pores, which is specifically unlike cotton.
00:22:33.380Sometimes I don't get the Blissey pillowcase at night. Sometimes someone else steals it.
00:22:37.720And I have the cotton pillowcases that may or may not have some dog on them. Just, I don't know,
00:22:45.160maybe because my dog sleeps on our pillowcases all through the day. I know guys don't come at
00:22:49.500me. It's just how it is. But I do know that when I do have the Blissey pillowcase, it promotes
00:22:54.760better sleep. It's naturally cooling. Right now we have, it's very hot. Even when you open all
00:23:01.160the windows at night, it's like not its usual 45 degrees. So I need a cooling pillowcase and
00:23:09.600Blissey provides that. It comes in over 99 colors and the pillowcases are also made to pair with
00:23:15.680the new Blissey adjustable pillow, which comes in a classic shape and also a crescent shape
00:23:21.360with memory foam filling that contours to the body and improves posture and relieves joint pain.
00:23:27.000Because you're a listener, Blissey is offering 60 nights risk-free plus an additional 30% off
00:23:31.560when you shop at blissey.com slash culture study pod. That's B-L-I-S-S-Y dot com slash culture pod
00:23:38.860and use code culture pod to get an additional 30% off. Your skin and hair will thank you.
00:23:44.880Today's episode is brought to you by Honey Love. So Melody, I got a text from you earlier this week
00:23:50.120that was like got my honey love bra wearing it now what's your review I'm gonna be honest
00:23:57.980I wanted to be a hater because I you know I have a lot of bra trauma I was a double d by the time
00:24:06.840I was 13 and I ended up having a breast reduction a couple of years ago and so I actually couldn't
00:24:12.900wear underwire for a while so I was wearing like 12 sports bras from target that just give you the
00:24:18.780like uniboom effect yep but they're like pretty comfortable the honey love bra that i got
00:24:24.740looks like i'm wearing the like cupped underwire like it gives you great shape but i can't feel
00:24:34.200that i'm wearing it in the best way like there's nothing cutting into my skin it's super soft
00:24:41.060the straps are really soft I'm not getting any weird lumps or bumps or ridges under my shirt
00:24:49.880which is usually you know like sometimes people are like oh when we talk about that like we're
00:24:54.640saying that people shouldn't have that no when you have that that means that some part of clothing
00:24:59.220is digging into your body right like the fit is not working the fit is not working like it yeah
00:25:04.640it is and we are just conditioned to like be okay with bras that are the wrong fit even though I had
00:25:10.760a reduction a couple of years ago I'm still a g cup like that's just what's proportional for my
00:25:16.440body and I thought for sure the only place I would be able to buy bras is like the boutique
00:25:23.180right local store where everything is a million dollars and you have to make an appointment to go
00:25:29.420so when the honey love offered to send me a bra I was like I mean it's not gonna fit but like sure
00:25:35.320i'll try it and then it fit perfectly this is our ringing endorsement it is the endorsement is i
00:25:42.760wanted to be a hater and then i actually love it honey love bras are supportive and wire-free
00:25:47.560thanks to bonding technology that lifts without underwire because you deserve a bra that's
00:25:52.360lightweight and comfortable without sacrificing support treat yourself today to the most advanced
00:25:57.560bras and shapewear on the market save 20 off honey love at honeylove.com slash culture use
00:26:04.180our exclusive link to get 20% off honeylove.com slash culture to find your perfect fit and after
00:26:11.220you purchase they ask you where you heard about them please support our show and tell them that
00:26:15.560we sent you experience the new standard and bras with honey love okay our next question comes from
00:26:28.200Olivia, and I just love this question, so can't wait to hear more. I went to an evangelical summer
00:26:34.220camp from age 8 to 18, and I absolutely lived for it at the time. It was fun forward, spirit days,
00:26:41.700horseback riding, high rope, zip lines, the blob, a giant food fight. Of course, every single fun
00:26:47.540thing was tied back to Jesus. You'd do a ropes course and then talk about taking a leap of faith.
00:26:53.180There were skit-based Bible lessons and nightly campfires where we were encouraged to confess
00:26:58.040cry, and recommit ourselves to Christ. As a kid, I bought in completely. I wanted so badly to feel
00:27:05.260something real that I'd manufacture my own spiritual breakthroughs. I didn't want to be
00:27:10.140left out of the emotional intensity everyone else seemed to be feeling. Looking back, I know I was
00:27:15.580caught in a feedback loop of performance and approval shaped by the culture of the camp.
00:27:20.120What I'm really curious about is why did it work so well? What were the emotional, psychological,
00:27:25.200and social forces that made the drama of it all feel so profound and irresistible for so many
00:27:31.000kids? Or was it just me? Especially those of us who now look back with a very different lens.
00:27:37.940First of all, Olivia, it definitely wasn't just you. Let's talk about Cry Night. What is Cry Night?
00:27:43.360Yeah. So same thing, Olivia, you are not alone. Every single person I interviewed had a name for
00:27:49.200this particular night at camp. So for those listeners who may not have grown up in the
00:27:54.940evangelical tradition or gone to an evangelical summer camp, the point of evangelical summer camps
00:28:00.320is conversion. Like the whole point was to convert. And so within these camps, there was
00:28:07.340usually some sort of theological progression of talks that the speaker gave in which they were
00:28:13.080trying to get kids from point A to point B, from not believing in Jesus to believing in Jesus,
00:28:18.840from being a lukewarm Christian to being an on fire for Jesus Christian. So you have these talks
00:28:24.900that are given and whether it happened the second night of camp, the fourth night of camp, the last
00:28:30.880night of camp, there was always a night of decision. And it was a night that behind the
00:28:39.140scenes as a staff person, we called it cry night. That wasn't what we said to the kids, but we knew
00:28:44.500So that was that whatever was going to be said from the stage, whatever music was going to be played, whatever was going to be on the faces of the rest of the camp staff, because there was an expectation of what was going to happen spiritually and psychologically and emotionally, something was going to go down.
00:29:03.740So we called it cry night. Some of the Presbyterians I interviewed, they called it confession night.
00:29:09.500Some of the Pentecostals called it speaking in tongues or the Holy Spirit night.
00:29:14.500uh, folks called it serious night and the cross talk. There were all these different names for
00:29:20.900this particular, um, getting right with Jesus, getting right with God night. Um, but I think
00:29:27.380about this one inner, this one woman I interviewed and I write about her in the book, but she just
00:29:33.120said, what do you expect when kids are hyped up on sugar, when they're staying up late and then
00:29:40.400when everyone else around them starts crying, what do you expect? How do you expect them to react
00:29:47.700when groupthink and emotionality comes into play, when there's an expectation on behalf of the staff
00:29:55.880members? And again, then also when one girl starts crying, and we don't want to just say girls,
00:30:01.240maybe it's a boy also, but when one child starts crying and then everyone else starts crying as a
00:30:07.680result. So you are not alone in this. Um, there have been numerous studies and I think for a lot
00:30:15.840of people who are unpacking, um, their experiences within these environments, that's where they look
00:30:22.980back and they just go, okay, but the, the, how was it not manipulated or coerced when all of the
00:30:30.960sudden, you know, in my generation, it was all of a sudden Michael W. Smith or Jennifer Knapp starts
00:30:38.040playing in the background, you know, or the guitarist like starts playing this music that
00:30:43.040just makes you, I mean, music is evocative. There is power to music. But when that
00:30:50.640purposefully happens and is purposefully paired with a message that is emotional, that is trying
00:30:58.160to get a reaction, trying to produce a reaction and or response. A lot of times a yes or no
00:31:06.080response, are you going to get right with God response in the listener? Yeah. I mean, it's kind
00:31:13.060of like, I think of it as the narrative plotting of like a movie, right? Like you are reaching the
00:31:18.220climactic point here. And of course you want to do the thing that like other people are going to
00:31:23.760praise you and be like yes like this is what it's all about like all the adults all of the teenagers
00:31:29.340all the counselors are going to be like this is amazing my camp was i think there weren't a ton
00:31:35.180of people who didn't already consider themselves christians so there was a lot more and amongst
00:31:41.420my friends too like we all were like the gung-ho camper people so like we were very much like it
00:31:49.740wasn't ever like oh this person came to christ or anything like that but what happened in hindsight
00:31:55.160was that it was really playing on like this feeling of like i'm with my friends for a week
00:32:00.560and my friends came from all over the pacific northwest presbytery inland pacific northwest
00:32:05.820presbytery so like there were a lot of people from places two three hours away who i didn't
00:32:10.260see the rest of the year and i was like this is so intense this is so special and where else0.60
00:32:16.180does a tween or teen have a sanctioned place to just fucking cry their eyes out like just be
00:32:25.480incredibly sad and like love like to express like feelings of like i i care about you guys so much0.81
00:32:32.960like this is so special right like it is it is so rare and so cathartic yeah it felt like it felt
00:32:41.380really good and I think that that's like sometimes hard to recover is like how good it felt it wasn't
00:32:47.740until I was a counselor that I began to feel the ick yeah yeah well and for me there was also I
00:32:54.160think there was that piece but there was also a level of performance oh yeah so I like everyone
00:33:01.480else is crying you don't want me the weirdo is not crying and swaying with your arms around each
00:33:05.800other. I mean, I have an essay in the book. It's an essay of my, the, of my 10 year old self and
00:33:11.980I'm at camp, camp Arowana. And so camp Arowana, um, is, it still is around. It's in the Mount
00:33:18.000Hood national forest. So, um, it gets real cold there at night. So here I am 10 years old. I've
00:33:25.200been raised in the church. We go every Sunday and every Wednesday. We, it's like, we practically
00:33:30.040live there part-time. I show up and it's cry night or whatever we called it. And I am so cold.
00:33:37.540I just want to go back to the lodge. I want my hot chocolate and marshmallows. So I remember
00:33:43.440the guitarist starts to play. And I just remember like honking myself over, like shrugging my
00:33:49.600shoulders forward. And I just start shaking a little bit because I was cold. All of a sudden,
00:33:56.200I start feeling these hands, these little hands on my back. And I'm like, why are people touching
00:34:02.680me? And then I start feeling my counselor, my cabin leader, and she's like kind of petting my
00:34:09.020back. And she's like, it's okay, Kara. It's okay. And in this moment, I don't, I don't realize it,
00:34:15.220but I have such a visceral memory of this. And that's when I remember, holy shit, they think0.99
00:34:21.400that I am like crying and coming to Jesus. And so instead of, of, um, saying, yeah, you're right.0.98
00:34:29.520Like I, I, I'm not, I'm not really having a moment with God. I just keep going and I just
00:34:35.240keep convulsing and shaking. And pretty soon I'm like wiping saliva from my mouth and I'm putting
00:34:41.500it under my eyes. Kid you not. I was pretending as a 10 year old to like have this moment with
00:34:49.260Jesus. And I was so rewarded because it was exactly what they wanted. And then of course,
00:34:55.540like a month later, the camp sends a letter home to my pastor. And my pastor's like,
00:35:00.280Kara, I baptized you a year ago. Why are they saying that you accepted Jesus for the first time?
00:35:05.540Because they're keeping track of numbers. This is what they send to donors. But my pastor was like,
00:35:10.240you didn't just accept Jesus into your heart for the first time. You walked down the aisle a couple
00:35:14.240years ago. So anyways. Wow. And that's so interesting because since my, my camp was
00:35:21.040Presbyterian, there was not, there wasn't a track, there was no keeping track of numbers as far as I
00:35:26.600knew. And like, there was never any, when I was a counselor, there was never any like tally or
00:35:31.220anything like that. In fact, there was always a real tension. And I didn't become aware of this
00:35:36.080until later between the pastors who would come for a week at the camp and spend that week being
00:35:42.020the speaker and some of them were very opposed to the emotional manipulation i mean if you think
00:35:49.220about the presbyterians there we are called the frozen chosen there is an understanding that like
00:35:54.580that sort of really emotional evoke like trying to force people into an emotion that then forces
00:36:02.700them to um or encourages them to convert or accept jesus like that that is counter to the
00:36:09.100much more cerebral arrival at faith, I would say. And so like that, like sometimes the pastors would
00:36:16.160be like, I don't, I don't, that's not, we're not going to do that. Like we don't do a big cry night
00:36:22.100during my week. And then there were some pastors who embraced it a lot more.
00:36:25.300Yeah. But that, I mean, that to me is one of the most fascinating pieces and or parts of the story.
00:36:30.760I mean, this is what I go into a ton in chapter six, but it's all about the transactionalism,
00:36:37.340consumerism capitalism often found in these environments and so like you were saying earlier
00:36:42.200as private institutions as religiously identifying private institutions these um camps christian
00:36:50.320camps are i mean they are privately funded they are funded by the denominations but they're also
00:36:55.320funded by donor dollars so i for instance i work part-time in development i'm a director of
00:37:01.640development that's my day job so i have to prove to foundations and to private donors how the work
00:37:07.160our nonprofit is doing is making a difference in people's lives of those we serve. So I have to
00:37:14.000provide quantifiable and qualitative measurements for the work that we do. In the same way, even if
00:37:20.320certain camps weren't, a good majority of camps were proving to donors and or to their private
00:37:28.240funders that real change was happening. And one of the only qualitative ways that they were and or
00:37:35.340are able to prove it is by the number of conversions by the number of kids who say yes
00:37:40.960by the number who recommit their lives a couple of camps um of people i interviewed it was also by
00:37:46.740the number of people who um who promised to be missionaries when they grew up and or dedicate
00:37:52.760their lives to ministerial service so they're taking all of these different qualifiers and
00:37:58.820they're saying this is what we can give as far as numbers go and that's also part of the ick
00:38:05.080like you said where it's just like how do you actually quantify that you can't right okay this
00:38:12.100next question is about another part of the message that we would get on camp i there's so much to
00:38:20.760talk about here this comes from emily i attended evangelical summer camp every summer from 2003
00:38:26.100to 2014 and had purity culture drilled hard into my head i felt so guilty for having my first kiss
00:38:32.160at 18 that I confessed to my mom in tears. She was like, okay. I've since told her a lot about
00:38:38.300the crazy purity culture I heard and was made to do with these camps, and she's always a little
00:38:42.200shocked. I guess purity culture wasn't as big when she would have attended camp, but I'm so confused
00:38:47.920by how little she knew about what camps were teaching girls. How did that shift come about
00:38:52.180so quickly, and how did it stay relatively undercover for a lot of parents who probably
00:38:56.700would have objected if they had known? I have found this to be a really common experience.
00:39:02.640And it has come up in the conversations that I've had with my mom, who was a very active part of
00:39:07.220our church and like was a youth group leader for some time, but like, clearly wasn't at like,
00:39:12.200you know, wasn't going to camp with me. And I know Melody experienced something similar, like
00:39:17.340our parents' generation did not experience that same, like there was obviously so much shame
00:39:23.600around sex, but it was not purity culture as we understand it now. So where do you see the shift
00:39:31.060happening? Wait, do you want me to read my journal entry for this part? Oh, God, Melody.
00:39:37.300And also keep you coming in and being like, do you want me to read my journal entry?
00:39:41.120People are going to love that. This is just like a taste. So these are like, this would be
00:39:47.000permissible in court, you know, because like I took these notes live in a session. The session
00:39:52.660i have written down was called mind trap okay our identity in christ he is our lover we are his
00:40:02.180beloved he will do anything to get us back he is after us laughter tears and all and then the next
00:40:11.000section is titled virtuous dating it is not also remember i was 12 it is not dating for fun dating
00:40:20.820for fun is common and its main purpose is that you're not lonely on weekends. It's not dating
00:40:27.920by emotion, which is based on quote unquote instinct because feelings waver and dating by
00:40:34.860emotion is easier than listening to God. It seems right at first, but not a year later. We, as in
00:40:42.180girls initiate and manipulate initiating is not our role our role is to pray and wait and our
00:40:51.340purpose in life is not to get married and then i wrote purity underlined and i said we are not to
00:40:59.020be a stumbling block for our brothers and then in stumbling all caps dress proudly exclamation point
00:51:12.280that's happening in Christian culture.0.98
00:51:13.460Look at what's happening in our government right now.
00:51:16.080All of this stuff is having real ramifications on the way that we experience the world around us and the way that your kids experience the world around them, even if they're not going to an evangelical Christian camp.
00:51:27.920There are 100% clear correlations between the values of purity culture, how that plays
00:51:35.580into complementarianism, which I know I just hinted at, but complementarianism, within
00:51:43.200like a theological belief system, you have what's called complementarianism and egalitarianism.
00:51:49.560So egalitarianism means that men and women are equal in their roles of service to the
00:51:56.960church and or at home wherever they find themselves complementarianism means that men and women
00:52:02.960complement each other so men are then the head over women women are always complementary to men
00:52:11.400so all that to say you have really you have this big idea of the patriarchy and how that shows up
00:52:18.800in camp but again in white evangelicalism as a whole is that it shows up in purity culture
00:52:23.840It values complementarianism, and that directly plays into values of Christian nationalism.
00:52:31.240So what we are seeing today in our country, it is 1000% connected.
00:52:43.240Today's episode is brought to you by ZocDoc.
00:52:45.660Okay, Melody, you have a good story for this one.
00:52:47.980Yeah, well, I am an older sister, and I therefore have to tell my younger sister how to live
01:08:54.420If you want to support the show and get that bonus content, head to culturestudypod.substack.com.
01:08:59.540It's $5 a month or $50 a year, and you'll get ad-free episodes, an exclusive advice time segment, and weekly discussion threads for each episode.
01:09:07.980Current subscribers to the Culture Study newsletter also get a significant discount, so look for that link in the show notes.
01:09:15.320And be sure to subscribe to the Culture Study podcast wherever you get your podcasts.
01:09:18.980We have so many great episodes in the works, and I promise you don't want to miss any of them.
01:09:23.040If you want to suggest a topic, ask a question about the culture that surrounds you, or submit a question for our subscriber-only advice time segment, go to our Google form at tinyurl.com slash culturestudypod, or check the show notes for a link.
01:09:36.780The Culture Study Podcast is produced by me, Anne Helen Peterson, and Melody Rowell.