Vulgar History - American Revolution, part 5： Cherokee Leader, Nanye'hi aka Nancy Ward

00:00:00.000 Hello, and welcome to Vulgar History, a feminist women's history comedy podcast. 0.85

00:00:13.480 My name is Anne Foster, and this is season seven of Vulgar History. And the theme of season seven

00:00:20.100 is how do you solve a problem like Marie Antoinette? And this is where we're looking at

00:00:24.300 various women and other people from the 18th century and all the various revolutions that

00:00:29.420 were happening and rebellions that were going on, the ones you've heard of and the ones you

00:00:33.360 haven't heard of, both people and revolutions and rebellions. So this whole first part of season

00:00:39.480 seven, we've been, it keeps connecting back specifically to the American revolution.

00:00:44.320 And the American revolution is really connected to what happened a few years later, which is the

00:00:49.380 French revolution. And that's how Marie Antoinette met her end. But the way that we do things in

00:00:54.720 history is always to look at these world events from the point of view of women and other people

00:01:00.640 who are not necessarily often talked about in context of these events, but who were so affected

00:01:06.100 by it and who were so involved in it and you still know their names. And the person we're talking

00:01:10.920 about this week is a Cherokee woman, an indigenous woman from America named Nanyahi, often called

00:01:18.200 Nancy Ward, which was another name that she went by. And I really wanted to include

00:01:23.860 an Indigenous American woman in this part of this series, because when you think about the

00:01:29.500 American Revolution, or when I, previous to doing all this research, thought about the American

00:01:35.060 Revolution, and I'm a Canadian person, so everything I've learned about the American

00:01:39.480 Revolution has just been from comic strips and memes and just mentions on, I don't know,

00:01:46.660 Sesame Street or whatever. What I had gleaned was just, it's always all about the Founding

00:01:52.400 fathers themselves. And if, and when any women are involved, it's usually the women who are

00:01:57.360 involved with the founding fathers. But there was so many people in America at this time. And a lot

00:02:02.020 of them like Nanya, he were, uh, did not have the amount of, um, power or influence as these rich

00:02:10.840 white men did. So what were the women of color up to? What were, what were they dealing with?

00:02:15.360 And when you, we talk about the American revolution, again, a lot of it that I have,

00:02:21.060 just absorbed through living my life as a person in Canada. So much of it comes back to

00:02:29.340 the patriotism, quote unquote, of the American patriots, quote unquote, versus the British

00:02:35.120 people. And it's just kind of like one group of white men versus another group of white men.

00:02:38.660 And where I think the story of Nanyahi is so important and really helps expand that point

00:02:44.440 of view is like, these groups of white men were fighting over land that people already lived on,

00:02:50.000 people like Nanyahi and her ancestors and all the indigenous people of America.

00:02:55.300 So prior to season seven, I did have an episode about Matoka, aka Pocahontas. We've also talked

00:03:01.060 about Tinalder, who was a woman from Northern Canada, an indigenous woman. And I did those

00:03:08.840 episodes prior to season seven to kind of get us all prepared for the Nanyahi story,

00:03:13.940 just to kind of show and to remind us all of who lived on this continent first and how

00:03:21.540 we'll get into this in the story so i don't want to ruin what we're going to talk about with nani

00:03:25.120 but she does she and the people who are around her her family and her friends and her colleagues

00:03:30.800 like they were just being like these are all just white men like to them it's like

00:03:34.200 whether it's the american patriots versus the british people versus the french like they're

00:03:38.620 like, these are all just white people to us. Like the arguments that they're having amongst each

00:03:43.720 other were so devastating to the Cherokee and to other indigenous people. But anyway, so it's

00:03:49.840 kind of turning the lens around, like what did this whole situation look like from her point of

00:03:53.400 view? So this week, we're going to be talking about Nanyahi, aka Nancy Ward, and let's get into it.

00:04:00.960 so like so many people we've talked about on this podcast and especially for some reason this season

00:04:10.900 this is a person who has been known by various various different names and so I needed to make

00:04:16.120 a choice because I wanted to use one name throughout rather than switching back and forth

00:04:19.680 and so the name I'm going with is Nanyahi which is the name that I most often came up

00:04:25.100 when I was just in most of the research I was looking at although she is aka Nancy Ward which

00:04:30.660 seems to be how she is more widely known by people in Tennessee and in Oklahoma and places where

00:04:36.740 descendants of her live mostly. So this is one I got more sources than sometimes because this is

00:04:46.320 one I really wanted to dive into from as many angles as possible, primarily from the angle of

00:04:51.060 Cherokee people and what their narrative is. So although in the course of researching, I did find

00:04:57.820 that if you ever watch the show Finding Your Roots on PBS, which I love, which is where

00:05:02.740 celebrities come on and then a team of genealogists reveal their family trees to them. And there's

00:05:08.020 always so many interesting stories about their ancestors. The actor Wes Studi was on an episode

00:05:13.160 called Fathers and Sons. Turns out he is a descendant of Nanyahi. So I watched that episode

00:05:18.320 just to see how they explained the story and also how they pronounced her name, which was another

00:05:22.040 question that I was wondering about. Also a major source. And one of the first thing I read where I

00:05:28.540 was like, oh, I think I could, I have enough information here to do a whole episode, was a

00:05:32.180 paper by the late Micheline E. P. Santabi who wrote an article for American Indian Quarterly in 2014

00:05:38.880 called Nancy Ward, American Patriot or Cherokee Nationalist, which really dove into a lot of the

00:05:45.500 issues we'll be talking about, especially how Nanihi is remembered and thought of and how she's

00:05:50.360 remembered now and how she has been thought of. I also found a paper by Lily Burke called Nanyahi's

00:05:56.040 Experience of the American Revolution. Also, as per ever, my go-to source for just sort of like

00:06:02.000 a basic chronological history of a person, the entry in Women in World History, which in this

00:06:06.700 case was written by Deborah Jones, who is a descendant of Nanyahi, and also the book Woman

00:06:13.820 of Many Names written by Deborah S. Yates, who is another descendant of Nanyihi. And then an

00:06:20.300 amazing book that I got that's called Cherokee Nation, A History of Survival, Self-Determination

00:06:24.920 and Identity by Dr. Bob Blackburn, Dr. Dwayne King, and Dr. Neil Morton, which is a publication by

00:06:30.660 the modern Cherokee Nation. You can buy it from their gift shop, from their website. They ship

00:06:35.120 to the U.S. and not to Canada. So I want to thank a friend of the podcast, Alison Epstein,

00:06:40.740 for letting me have it shipped to her and then shipping this to me. And now I have this book

00:06:46.960 and it's beautiful and I love it. And an article from AshevilleHistory.org. I'll put the link in

00:06:52.800 the show notes. And also another Women's History podcast. I don't know if you listened to, but they

00:06:58.480 did an episode about Nanihi on the podcast Long May She Rain, which I also got some more information

00:07:04.740 from because she was looking at some sources I hadn't looked at. So this is going to, this is an

00:07:11.620 episode that takes place in the United States. I want to clarify and remind everybody, content

00:07:17.260 warning, I am Canadian. So I don't necessarily know where all of these places are, but I know

00:07:24.200 people listening might be familiar with these places. And so if you are, I'm happy to hear

00:07:29.700 corrections of what I may have mispronounced or misinterpreted, but I'm doing my best.

00:07:36.960 And actually one more person I wanted to thank. So a bit ago, several months back, I just kind

00:07:43.100 of put out a call on Instagram when I had started embarking on researching this story and some other

00:07:47.700 stories about American history to ask if there's any listeners, any members of the Titshout Brigade

00:07:52.400 who lived in these areas so I could kind of understand what you know people who live in

00:07:58.020 these areas know how famous are these people what's going on and a person named lisa marie

00:08:03.040 was very helpful for me instead of contextualizing even just reiterating that nancy ward is the name

00:08:09.500 by which this person is most known and actually let me just double check one more thing because

00:08:13.840 i also did a survey of american listeners of the podcast it was a very brief one-week survey so if

00:08:20.400 you didn't notice when i was doing it don't worry about it but i feel like this is gives me a good

00:08:25.080 overall impression of just how famous various people are to American history. So out of just

00:08:30.660 over 400 responses, Naya He is one of the least known people on this list. So by contrast,

00:08:38.100 George Washington, the first American president, 99.3% of people indicated they knew who he was.

00:08:46.820 Naya He, Nancy Ward, 9.7% had heard of her. And I think where she's best known is in Tennessee,

00:08:53.280 maybe in Oklahoma, but people in Tennessee seem to be where she's perhaps best known.

00:09:00.400 So she, Nancy Ward, Naiki, she was a Cherokee woman. And so I want to start off by explaining

00:09:08.660 some stuff that I wanted to learn and understand before I could really appreciate and understand

00:09:14.160 what her story is, which is just the history of the Cherokee. So the Cherokee territory in the

00:09:19.720 South Appalachian region of modern-day United States has been continuously occupied for at

00:09:24.820 least the past 10,000 years. There's been people living in this place incredibly long time. At the

00:09:30.280 time of European contact, so like 1600s-ish, the Cherokee people occupied both sides of the South

00:09:36.620 Appalachian summit, extending from the Piedmont of present South Carolina to the ridge and valley

00:09:41.960 area of present Tennessee. I hope that means things to American people who live in those regions.

00:09:48.060 The mountains, fertile valleys, and streams provided immediate access to resources that

00:09:51.860 supported the Cherokee's diversified economy. So this is a group of people, a people who are

00:09:59.000 settling around like a valley, a river, like it's just a great place to sort of like grow your

00:10:03.380 crops and sort of build up a sense of community, which is why they were staying in one place for

00:10:07.480 so long. And because this is in the Appalachian region, like Tennessee, this isn't one of the

00:10:13.540 first places that British or French or Spanish first came when they were first exploring the

00:10:21.400 North American continent. So sustained contact with Europeans, like some people pass by here

00:10:26.060 and now, but like sustained ongoing contact, not begin until the late 17th century. And then by the

00:10:32.720 early 1700s, so like shortly after the sustained contact, what had developed was a trade relationship,

00:10:38.880 the deer skin trade so this is if you heard my episode from this past spring about the nalder

00:10:45.760 who is a denne woman from what is now northern canada i talked in that one a lot about the

00:10:50.620 the fur trade that also came up just a few weeks ago the marie joseph angelique like the fur trade

00:10:57.060 was the main trade thing going on in kind of northern parts of north america deer skin trade

00:11:03.000 similar thing more in this region and so this developed into a full-blown enterprise in exchange

00:11:08.460 for deerskin, the Cherokees received items including firearms, ammunition, metal knives,

00:11:14.160 axes, and garden implements. This is part of why before I started this season, I did

00:11:19.440 have the episodes about Tenelder and about Matoka, aka Pocahontas, just to sort of establish

00:11:24.520 examples of the kinds of things that happened when the British and French came over to North

00:11:31.640 America, what sorts of trade relationships were happening, and how at first these are trade

00:11:36.580 relationships and things are going to inevitably, because we know the history, go badly. But at

00:11:41.580 first it was kind of like, okay, let's just trade this. And this is kind of helping each other out

00:11:44.840 a little bit. But the other side of that, ready access to firearms and competition over prime

00:11:50.240 hunting grounds led to conflict between the Cherokees and most of their neighbors. So they

00:11:54.600 were getting, like the Cherokees were getting guns and ammunition and tools and the people around 0.59

00:11:58.280 them didn't have those tools. And that's a bit like what we heard in the Thinalder episode,

00:12:02.520 where some groups had access to some technology that others didn't. And then that led to conflict

00:12:10.000 between the indigenous groups. So at this time, like the early 1700s, the Cherokee were highly

00:12:15.840 decentralized. So I described sort of this big region and it's not that they were nomadic moving

00:12:21.020 place to place. It's just there were lots of little communities all over the place. So their

00:12:25.960 towns, like each town was kind of its own government unit. In 1721, by then there was

00:12:33.140 the position of Royal Governor of South Carolina. And he was just like, this is getting complicated

00:12:38.240 and confusing to need to, for him, one person being the governor to need to negotiate with

00:12:43.900 37 different chiefs about all the treaties and things they wanted to make. So he created the

00:12:50.020 title Emperor of the Cherokee Nation and invited the 37 chiefs to come. And they accepted this

00:12:56.560 radical idea of one leader for all of these really spread apart groups. This was also where they

00:13:00.900 agreed to the first cessation of land, where they first gave up the first small amount of land to

00:13:05.640 the British. And the one leader, I want to focus on Nanyahi's story. There's a lot of other history

00:13:11.580 going on. And I really, really recommend the book Cherokee Nation, History of Survival,

00:13:17.040 self-determination and identity because it gets into a lot of the other people involved in the

00:13:21.560 story. But effectively, ultimately what turned out is that the one leader wound up being this guy

00:13:27.080 called Moitoy, who was Nanyahi's grandfather. And then, so this is the early 1700s,

00:13:33.220 a delegation of seven Cherokee chiefs. So Moitoy didn't go himself, but he sent his son,

00:13:40.600 who was Nanyahi's uncle, who was a really, really major important figure in Cherokee history called

00:13:44.880 Atta Kula Kula went on his behalf. And so these seven chiefs went to England to sort of further

00:13:50.340 this agreement, because this is like decades before American Revolution era. This is where

00:13:55.900 the British were in control in terms of the colonial stuff of stuff. So this is the Cherokee 1.00

00:14:01.660 were making this treaty with the British. And so Atta Kula Kula and six other chiefs went over to

00:14:07.360 England and signed a treaty. At this point, the king of England was King George II, who is the

00:14:13.640 father of King George III, who is the one from Queen Charlotte, a Bridgerton story,

00:14:19.860 former George. So it's his dad. And when they came over, I mean, this language pops up a lot,

00:14:26.200 like the sort of paternalizing, sort of speaking about the Cherokee and other Indigenous groups,

00:14:33.160 like as though they were less smart, as though they were sort of children. He literally calls

00:14:38.720 King George expressed love for his Cherokee, quote, children as their father, and he proclaimed

00:14:44.600 a chain of friendship between the two nations. He overtly expressed his intent that the Cherokee

00:14:49.100 should live where they please and that South Carolinians should trade with them. I mean,

00:14:55.540 you can, we'll see this a lot. Like you can say a lot of things in a treaty and then we'll see

00:14:59.240 what people actually do. This agreement also bound the Cherokee to return captured enslaved

00:15:04.260 people in exchange for guns. Critically, it bound the Cherokee to fight against any group,

00:15:09.520 native or white, which threatened the British settlements. So it was really just them being 0.98

00:15:13.040 like, we, I don't know if this is exactly the same thing, but you know, on Game of Thrones,

00:15:18.420 they're always like, I will not bend the knee. Like this is them saying like, we will be on

00:15:22.940 your team. Like they're bending the knee. So they promised that if any group, other indigenous

00:15:28.360 people or other white people threatened the British settlements, the Cherokee would defend

00:15:31.860 on Team Britain. And they said they would prevent any other group or nation from living among them. 0.84

00:15:38.120 They did all this stuff in England and then came back and they found that many of the towns were

00:15:43.500 angry with this agreement. I mean, understandably, it had been at least 37 different towns,

00:15:51.480 each with their own leader. Then they became all under one leader. And then within 10 years,

00:15:57.220 that leader went to England and made this deal. And maybe that works for his group. But

00:16:01.340 any sort of organization like there's always dissent and there always was dissent in this

00:16:07.620 whole story just it was hard to get everybody all on the same page so i found it interesting

00:16:11.940 that it was seven chiefs who went to england and i presume um that's partially because to the

00:16:18.720 cherokee seven is a sacred number there are seven clans the bird deer wolf long hair wild potato

00:16:25.300 blue and paint clans from which all cherokees descend through their mother's lineage it's a

00:16:31.100 culture. And that, I don't know if that necessarily means it's a matriarchal culture. I guess it does

00:16:37.080 like literally like whatever clan your mother is in, that's what you then become. The main character

00:16:42.840 of today's episode, Nanyahi, was a member of the wolf clan. And so I was reading up about what does

00:16:48.560 that mean? What does the wolf clan, what does that mean? So the wolf clan was noted, and I presume

00:16:54.580 still is, for its healers. Women of the wolf clan had knowledge of plant medicine and with the aid

00:17:00.320 of the wolf could diagnose and treat the sick. In traditional Cherokee life, in times of war and 0.94

00:17:06.220 also in times of peace, women held the power of life and death. So again, it's a culture

00:17:10.380 of really strong, important women. As a member of the wolf clan, Nanyahi inherited a legacy of 0.99

00:17:17.100 helping captives during times of war. Prayers used to assist captives may once have been the

00:17:21.720 exclusive possession of the wolf clan. These were clan responsibilities. And it's interesting too,

00:17:26.800 in the episode of Finding Your Roots, where Wes Studi is informed that Nanihi is one of his

00:17:33.220 descendants and he reads some quotes that she wrote. He says something like, I didn't write

00:17:38.620 down exactly what Wes Studi said, but he said something just like, oh, this is like a powerful

00:17:43.060 woman, a strong woman. And he's like, that's what the culture was like that I grew up among,

00:17:46.440 like the Cherokee people he grew up with. Still the sense of like the powerful matriarchs seems

00:17:52.180 like it's still a thing within that society. So Nanyahi herself, like having laid that sort of 1.00

00:17:59.780 background information, she was born in 1738. So in terms of Native American, Indigenous people

00:18:09.200 of North America, we've talked about on the podcast, this was 142 years after the birth of

00:18:15.140 Matoka, aka Pocahontas. British people had been in North America for effectively 142 years by now,

00:18:21.960 like this is just, it's happening. It's not new. Like people are, they're still figuring out what

00:18:27.120 it's going to mean, but it's for generations, this has been happening. This is also 41 years

00:18:32.620 after the birth of the Nalder in Northern Canada and 50 years before the birth of Saka Joia,

00:18:39.060 who we've also talked about on the podcast. And I mentioned that partially because we're going to

00:18:44.820 get around to this and why this happens, but Naniye is sometimes referred to as Tennessee's

00:18:49.960 Pocahontas. The Nalda I've seen referred to is like Canada is Pocahontas. Or people compare

00:18:56.060 Sacagawea and Pocahontas. Like Sacagawea and Pocahontas' stories are very much, and we've

00:19:02.140 talked about them on the podcast before, but they're very much defined by the white colonial man

00:19:07.560 who they acted partially as translators for and also who kidnapped and ultimately were responsible

00:19:14.360 for their seeming deaths. But they're sort of held up, Sacagawea and Pocahontas, by many people

00:19:21.580 as sort of like, look at them, like they saw that the white people came in and they sided with the

00:19:27.260 white people against their own people. And so this is where the controversy comes in. And it's similar

00:19:32.460 to two years ago, three years ago, on this podcast, we did a story about Malinzine, aka

00:19:37.780 La Malinche, who was a similar indigenous figure from the Nahuatl people of what is now Mexico.

00:19:44.620 And she also was entangled with her. It was the Spanish settlers. So these are maybe the best

00:19:53.920 known indigenous women to broader mainstream culture. And they all have interactions with 0.72

00:20:01.660 white settlers. And so part of what I was struggling with and learning the story is

00:20:08.160 trying to figure out how is Nanyahi remembered now by the Cherokee people? And it's not just

00:20:16.480 in one way, but also how is her story celebrated and by who and what are their goals? But just in

00:20:22.520 terms of the spread, these things weren't all happening simultaneously. Motoko is 142 years

00:20:27.220 before this. The Naldra is 41 years later, 50 years later, it's Sacagawea. So this is a long,

00:20:33.700 like 200 year period in which lots of situations were happening between indigenous people

00:20:40.360 and the white colonial people. And this is just one more example. So Nanyahi was born in Chota,

00:20:46.940 which is a village in what is now modern day Tennessee. And Chota was, you know, I mentioned

00:20:53.100 And there are all these towns slash villages that all the different Cherokee were living in.

00:20:57.560 And this is one of the major ones.

00:20:59.380 This is one of the biggest, most populated areas.

00:21:02.740 And during her childhood, as her grandfather became the guy, the main leader, it became sort of the place, the main place for Cherokee power.

00:21:14.420 And her name, Nanyahi.

00:21:17.180 And I read a couple of different things about what it means.

00:21:20.360 One that I came across a couple of times is that it means she who walks among the spirit people.

00:21:25.400 And that may not have been her name at birth, but it was a name that was given to her

00:21:30.840 when she was maybe around 10 years old, because people saw something in her. They saw some,

00:21:36.320 they saw that this name would be appropriate for her. One of her childhood nicknames was Wild Rose

00:21:40.520 because the pink flush in her cheeks and her name, she gets other names and titles as we go along,

00:21:46.760 including nancy ward the name by which she is best known actually i just wanted to put one more

00:21:53.840 comparison out there because part of what i'm trying to keep track of this season in and in

00:22:01.420 every episode really is just kind of like who was around when like when she was being born in chota

00:22:07.820 in the united states asterix it wasn't actually the united states yet who was doing what and where

00:22:15.300 So Queen Charlotte, from Queen Charlotte, a Bridgerton story, was born in 1744.

00:22:20.140 So a few years later, that's when she's born.

00:22:22.800 Other people have looked at La Chevalier d'Anne, the fabulous trans spy slash swordfighter

00:22:29.480 who we talked about a few years ago, born in 1728.

00:22:33.440 Charles Ignatius Sancho, born in 1729.

00:22:36.740 So this is an era and a time where interesting people are being born in lots of places, shall we say.

00:22:45.460 So according to oral traditions told by some of her descendants, a white wolf appeared on the horizon the day she was born,

00:22:51.500 which was a good omen, especially because she's from the wolf clan, because her mother was from the wolf clan.

00:22:56.920 So her father, again, like there's different, this is described differently by different sources.

00:23:03.220 So I'll just give you some of the options of what may have happened.

00:23:07.200 So her father, whose name may have been Fivekiller, was potentially from the Bird Clan.

00:23:14.780 And he asked permission to marry her mother, whose name was Tame Doe, because Tame Doe was a member of the Wolf Clan.

00:23:21.400 Because the Cherokee Nation was matriarchal, it fell to the women of the seven clans to decide whether to accept or reject this request for marriage.

00:23:29.200 And this would be the same as if her father, which other sources say that maybe he was an outsider, maybe from a different tribe entirely. Some suggest maybe he was a white man. But anyway, the women of the seven clans would decide whether this marriage would be okay. And if it was accepted, which it was, he would be expected to live according to the wolf clan and the Cherokee ethics and moral codes.

00:23:50.140 so her mother tame doe so remember her grandfather moitoi was like the leader of the cherokee her

00:23:57.940 mother tame doe his daughter her uncle at a coola coola um was also a high-ranking leader he was he's

00:24:05.420 such an interesting person i had a lot more about him in this but we gotta stick to our topic because

00:24:10.460 episodes can only be so long but i really encourage you if you're interested to read up about him

00:24:14.640 there's a lot written about at a coola coola one thing of note is that he was a short king he was

00:24:19.480 apparently very physically small and that didn't hold him back at all that didn't get in his way

00:24:23.980 he was just known to be so powerful and so persuasive and such an influential person so

00:24:30.120 she's coming from this really influential group of people so i would presume similar to in the

00:24:35.860 story of matoka for instance like when you're the child of this influential leader then that gives

00:24:41.060 you a certain cachet within the community people would be looking up to your family so probably

00:24:46.360 Just sort of you would absorb that feeling of like, okay, have this responsibility to the group.

00:24:50.820 So when she was growing up, white traders and also visitors from other nearby tribes were often seen in the village. 0.53

00:24:57.060 Because again, like the, well, indigenous trade was happening since forever, but the white people had been around for such a long time. 0.59

00:25:04.660 It's just like, okay, here's some more white people to trade with.

00:25:06.880 Like this is just, it was a multicultural.

00:25:09.560 I don't know if that's exactly the right term to say, but just this is what she would have seen growing up.

00:25:13.480 As a little girl, she would have learned things like how to plant and cultivate the three types of corn, the religious ceremonies that accompanied every stage of its cultivation and harvest.

00:25:23.060 Cherokee life centered around the village, which is why there's all these different villages and people stayed in them like these were their homes.

00:25:29.500 They're really connected to it.

00:25:30.860 So traditional women's work, child rearing, meal preparation and basket weaving was revered in Cherokee life.

00:25:36.940 And a young warrior who married into his wife's clan was expected to share in that work.

00:25:41.480 And I love this. I love, I love reading this just to see it was a place where this sort of work was

00:25:46.460 respected and seen as important, which it is, but there's so few cultures who see it that way.

00:25:52.840 When she was around 14 years old, Nanyahi got married, which culturally that is just what

00:26:00.020 happened and no judgment from me. It's just a bit unexpected in our modern context to think

00:26:05.600 about a 14 year old getting married. She married a person who is, I think around a similar age.

00:26:09.660 His name was Kingfisher, a member of the Deer Clan. They had two children, pretty much,

00:26:16.460 pretty quickly. A son called Littlefellow, later known as Fire Killer, and a daughter named

00:26:22.440 Catherine, who was known as Katie. And they were raised as members of the Wolf Clan because she

00:26:28.180 had, she was a member of the Wolf Clan. Her mother was, this is their family. So around a year later,

00:26:34.420 the french and indian war broke like kicked off this is part of the seven years war i'm not super

00:26:42.280 able to keep track of what war is what but just like there's always wars going on in this place

00:26:47.400 and time and it's kind of changing who's and what sides of things but this is where the british 0.89

00:26:53.140 brought up like remember that treaty that you signed 25 years ago and the cherokee they demanded

00:26:58.520 that they take up arms against the enemies of the king as per this treaty so the cherokee sent

00:27:03.660 several hundred warriors to take part in this war against the French. George Washington,

00:27:10.280 famous person later on, America's first president at this time, just kind of a war

00:27:15.340 general guy. He noted of these Cherokee warriors, they were quote, twice as serviceable as white

00:27:21.800 soldiers. Many of these warriors were killed in the battle. And then when they were coming back

00:27:27.280 to their villages, many of them were killed by Virginia frontiersmen who thought that they were

00:27:33.640 enemies. And this tenuous alliance was broken. Outraged clansmen were obligated by traditional

00:27:40.440 law to seek justice for the killing of their warriors. And this led to yet more skirmishes,

00:27:47.560 more war between the Cherokee and the British colonial armies. And so during this sequence of

00:27:53.820 battles, the Cherokee lost crops, lots of people died. And finally, the Cherokee agreed to give up

00:27:59.980 large portions of their land in order to stop these invasions, in order to stop this massacre

00:28:04.680 of their people and their crops and their villages. At around the same time, the Cherokee were also

00:28:10.340 still at war with the Creek Indians, who were another nearby tribe, like who they had just been

00:28:18.740 rivals with, I guess. And they were at war because the Creek Indians were trying to invade the

00:28:23.680 Cherokee land. So the War Council of the Cherokee Nation decided to go on the attack, to attack the

00:28:29.020 Creek Indians. At this point, Nanyahi is 17 years old, a mother of two, and she accompanies her 0.95

00:28:34.620 husband Kingfisher into the battle. And so this battle combined kind of everything they had on

00:28:40.400 hand, hand-to-hand combat, along with guns, the blunderbuss gun supplied by the Europeans. And so

00:28:48.680 again, this is like some stories include this detail and some don't, and I'm going to include

00:28:53.880 it because it's a pretty badass detail. So as the fight raged on, Nanyahi hid behind a log and she

00:28:58.800 would chew on her husband's lead bullets to make them rougher and more deadly for when he fired 0.63

00:29:03.980 them. In the midst of this battle, Kingfisher was shot and killed. She probably saw this happen

00:29:08.740 rather than flee or run away. Nanyahi, armed with either a hatchet or a gun, I've seen a couple 0.96

00:29:14.800 different versions of this, but some sort of weapon, screaming, she rushed towards the invaders 0.73

00:29:19.700 and struck down all the Creek Indians that she encountered. When the day was done, the Cherokees 0.99

00:29:24.440 head were successful. They had chased the Creeks from their homeland. And for her extraordinary 1.00

00:29:30.440 courage, Nanyahi, like now a 17-year-old widow with two young children, she was given the title

00:29:37.420 of war woman for this, and she also was invested with the highest honor her nation could bestow,

00:29:43.160 that of supreme beloved woman, which is a title associated with peacemaking. So this title made

00:29:49.000 her head of the Women's Council, gave her voting rights on the Council of Chiefs, and granted her

00:29:53.640 supreme pardoning powers for the tribe. Essentially, she assumed the responsibility of the most

00:30:00.560 important person in Cherokee Nation at age 17, just because of how badass she had been in this

00:30:06.560 battle. And once she had this title of beloved woman, it became her responsibility to head the

00:30:11.840 seven-member Women's Council, which part of their responsibility was to determine what would become

00:30:16.860 of any prisoners of war and to decide when and with whom Cherokee Nation could engage in treaty 0.89

00:30:22.820 negotiations or battle. What did she look like? I mean, there's no portraits of her. There are

00:30:29.080 some portraits of some other Cherokee people living at the same time, but none of them

00:30:33.620 are her. But she was described as tall and beautiful with long silken black hair,

00:30:39.400 large piercing black eyes, and an imperious yet kindly heir. I think she must have had such an

00:30:44.900 energy around her. Such a, I don't know, just somebody who you just meet them and you see them

00:30:50.940 you're like oh i trust you like you're the leader like you you're 17 and i don't even think about

00:30:55.820 that like you've got this like you are just so capable she just has that energy and she also

00:31:00.260 had the outfit so as a beloved woman she would have worn white deerskin leggings adorned with

00:31:06.720 small tortoise shells and freshwater pearls and she carried a swan's wing as an emblem of her 0.56

00:31:12.580 authority which is beautiful to think about this like white vision she may have also worn a white

00:31:19.500 crown wolvenote of long swan feathers and white down. And as the beloved woman, she had a right

00:31:24.460 to speak in council, could negotiate with foreign powers, and could with a wave of her swan's wing

00:31:30.500 save a prisoner already condemned to die. And as a beloved woman, importantly, she was obligated

00:31:36.240 to mediate for peace, purity, and harmony, which I think is also in line with being part of the

00:31:40.500 wolf clan. This is just where she's coming from, what she's there to represent. And so the period

00:31:46.480 following her getting this honor getting this title is one of the most critical periods in

00:31:51.620 Cherokee history which was because more British people insisted on settling upon Cherokee land

00:31:59.260 and by British people it's like some of these are like second or third generation like a lot of them

00:32:03.960 were born in America because their ancestors had come over 50 years before 100 years before and

00:32:09.400 this is where in history we're starting to see sort of the development of the American culture

00:32:15.800 separate from british culture but basically white colonists were kept invading and insisting on

00:32:21.960 settling on this land because it was such good land it's got the valley it's got the river like

00:32:25.980 that's where they wanted to be and at the same time relations between the cherokee and the british

00:32:32.780 and the colonial governments deteriorated so unlike earlier like maybe when she was a younger

00:32:38.120 person when there's the earlier traders who were just like hey we'll treat you this musket for

00:32:42.180 this deerskin and it all kind of worked out many of the newcomers weren't interested in peaceful

00:32:48.100 coexistence with the Cherokee because as far as they were concerned the Cherokees were the same

00:32:55.340 way that King George II had been like oh they're my children and I'll take care of them like a

00:33:00.020 father like now it was more kind of like they are they were seen as not human they're seen as

00:33:05.040 monstrous they're seen the word that comes up is often savages so these new settlers they usurped

00:33:11.340 land from the Cherokee and then insisted that the people who lived there, the Cherokee, be forcibly

00:33:16.240 removed. The English government supported this because they were preoccupied with, they didn't

00:33:23.060 want the French to become too powerful in the region. So they kind of wanted English speaking

00:33:26.940 people to take over more areas. And so this meant breaking treaty after treaty with the Cherokee,

00:33:32.080 like the British people were just allowing more and more settlers to move into this land and to 0.64

00:33:35.660 kick the Cherokee out of the land that was theirs. In the midst of this, and I came across a couple 1.00

00:33:42.240 different explanations for this. And I'll just say what happened, which is just Nanyahi got married

00:33:47.140 again in the late 1750s. And her husband was named Bryant Ward, and he was a white Irish settler.

00:33:54.640 And so at this point, part of the British group. So he already had a white wife and children,

00:34:00.500 but polygamy was not a problem to the Cherokee. And this was also maybe a political alliance

00:34:08.380 sort of situation where it's just like, maybe if we marry Nanyahi, who's the daughter

00:34:12.640 or the granddaughter of the leader, her uncle's Atakula Kula, like it's sort of like a peace

00:34:17.420 alliance, which we see so much in like European history, for instance, where two warring factions,

00:34:21.460 like you marry two people to each other to try to show like, no, we're family, you know,

00:34:25.120 maybe we won't attack each other so much. In the book, Woman of Many Names by Deborah S. Yates,

00:34:29.880 she interprets it as

00:34:32.020 Ryan Ward was like

00:34:34.100 I saw you screaming

00:34:35.560 in that battle and I couldn't get you

00:34:38.280 out of my mind and I need to marry you

00:34:40.000 because you're amazing which

00:34:41.960 maybe that happened also

00:34:43.440 so these two people get married 0.55

00:34:45.660 and so the council

00:34:48.040 approves it. Ryan Ward was accepted

00:34:50.100 into the wolf clan and they had a daughter together

00:34:52.260 called Elizabeth Ward aka

00:34:53.840 Betsy Ward who would later be

00:34:56.220 the ancestor of actor

00:34:57.940 West's duty and lots of other people. So Betsy, their daughter was raised as Wolf Clan, like as

00:35:03.720 part of the Cherokee, even as many of the people around, like within the Cherokee culture were

00:35:10.720 becoming increasingly uneasy with mixed marriages and also with any close association with white

00:35:16.780 settlers because it was really becoming enemies. Like it's like an us and them situation because 0.80

00:35:22.120 it was now apparent that white people did not honor their word. So perhaps this tension is part

00:35:30.120 of why ultimately Bryant Ward returned to his white wife after a few years of marriage to

00:35:35.500 Nanyahi. Although he and Nanyahi apparently continued to be on good terms, co-parenting

00:35:41.480 their daughter Betsy, who would go and hang out with him sometimes, with Nanyahi sometimes. 0.89

00:35:46.600 He never returned to live with his Cherokee family, but I appreciate for once in an episode

00:35:51.300 of this podcast that people are being grown-ups about the dissolution of a marriage. It was 100%

00:35:56.720 for sure during the time of her marriage to Brian Ward that Nanyahi began to be known as Nancy Ward 0.98

00:36:03.120 which is how she is often still known today. Welcome to the realms of peril and glory. 1.00

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00:36:38.500 The war is over and both sides lost.

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00:37:21.980 Join the Glass Cannon podcast as we plunge into the shadow dark

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00:39:09.500 and we're back. So we're still not in the American Revolution, BTW. This is still what's

00:39:17.200 going on beforehand. So by 1761, three years of the destructive Anglo-Cherokee War had killed or 0.89

00:39:25.200 wounded hundreds of people, destroyed dozens of settlements, and left thousands of people

00:39:29.840 on both sides, houseless. A new peace treaty was signed between the Cherokee and the British,

00:39:36.760 And three Cherokee leaders, whose names were Austinako, Kanishat, and Woyi, accompanied the British emissary Henry Timberlake. Don't know if this is an ancestor of Justin Timberlake, but I can't imagine it's not because that's a specific last name.

00:39:53.960 So they, again, went to England to meet with the king was now, I think, 24-year-old George III, which is King Farmer George from Queen Charlotte, a Bridgerton story. And they were just going to reaffirm the peace treaty that had been signed 30 years before by his father, George II.

00:40:11.740 And so while they were there, these three men had their portraits painted, which you can find those images in various places. I think they're housed either in the National Portrait Gallery in London, England, or in a gallery in America.

00:40:25.960 but it's, I find it really interesting to see these portraits because just what details were

00:40:29.600 put in there, you know, what emblems and medals and things are they wearing? How's their hair

00:40:33.700 done? What do they look like? Just to picture what, what did these people look like and to

00:40:38.560 presume like, okay, and so what did maybe Nanihi look like? What did Cherokee look like in this 0.84

00:40:44.500 period of time? Anyway, while they were there, they also met Queen Charlotte from Queen Charlotte,

00:40:50.080 a Bridgerton story, who was nine months pregnant when they arrived. And they were there for a few

00:40:53.880 months, which meant that they were present and took part in the festivities celebrating the birth

00:40:58.440 of Queen Charlotte's first child, who later King George IV, a.k.a. the husband of Carolina

00:41:05.400 Brunswick, a.k.a. Prinny, who is a person who throughout, and you're going to hear this other

00:41:12.440 times in this season, too many times in this season of episodes, I'm researching anything

00:41:18.640 and suddenly Prinny is just like a jump scare. I feel like I'm being rickrolled every time

00:41:22.800 pretty shows up in a story anyway so interestingly these three guys were in town during his birth 0.97

00:41:28.360 so the cherokee reaffirming their commitment to the british but like not all the cherokee agreed

00:41:34.540 with this but their leadership was and they also um the cherokee would were aware of what was going

00:41:41.400 on around them which included that there was these lines being drawn between people loyal to britain

00:41:46.880 and to the American patriots. And I like the description of this. Oh, I forget which book

00:41:54.040 it was from, but one of my sources said, war between whites who spoke the same language

00:41:58.120 seemed incomprehensible to the Cherokees. And I like that description because they had seen,

00:42:04.380 you know, the English versus the French and things like that. But just to see like to them,

00:42:09.040 what difference is there between British loyalists and American patriots? They all look the same.

00:42:13.800 They probably all have the same accent. How can you tell if they're one side or the other? And they're like, these two sides are at war with each other? These two sides who are both against us? Like the priority for the Cherokee in this was to maintain trade relations, protect their land.

00:42:29.560 And so the revolution was like, you know, it kicked off in 1776 with the Declaration of Independence, I think. But like clearly things were headed towards this sort of war between the British loyalists and the American patriot white people.

00:42:44.540 To the Cherokee, they were like, kind of doesn't matter to us who wins this revolution because they were sovereign. Like the Cherokee Nation was sovereign. Like whoever won this, they were like, doesn't affect us really. Like this is just an issue between these two groups.

00:42:58.440 What did affect them was trade. And so they wanted to make sure that they were on the side that would be most advantageous for them in trade. And so most Cherokee chose to side with the British in the situation. But again, there's tension and arguments within the tribe itself.

00:43:16.960 For instance, Nanyahi's cousin, Dragging Canoe, who I need to tell you the story quickly, why he's called Dragging Canoe.

00:43:25.940 He's the son of Atakulakula.

00:43:28.260 And he, as a young boy, he wanted to go with his dad and with the other men on like different trips they were taking.

00:43:35.420 And they're like, okay, you can come with us, but you have to carry your own canoe.

00:43:38.400 And he was such a little kid, he couldn't carry the canoe.

00:43:40.580 But he was so determined to join them, he ended up dragging the canoe and going with them.

00:43:44.320 And that's why he's called Dragging Canoe.

00:43:45.980 Anyway, he's also a really notable figure in Cherokee history. You can read up about him some more. He was at odds with what the leaders thought a lot of the time. He did not want to side with the British. He did not. He felt that this was a threat and the Cherokee should not, should do more attacking, basically.

00:44:08.200 Nanyahi, member of the Wolf Clan, a beloved woman, she advocated for neutrality during this

00:44:14.500 revolution, which because she hoped that remaining neutral would allow the Cherokee to establish good

00:44:20.260 relationships with both the colonists and the British, which would then defend them against

00:44:24.460 abuse from either one. And if this neutrality was kind of the position taken over by the Cherokee,

00:44:30.600 it would not matter who won the war because both sides would see them as a potential ally.

00:44:34.860 So when the Declaration of Independence was written in 1776, this document was intended to defend universal natural rights. And where it's saying things like famously from Hamilton, it's saying like all men are created equal, you know, it doesn't mention women, but also the language of it demonstrates racism and prejudice against indigenous people.

00:44:54.500 there's a passage where they referred to, quote, the merciless Indian savages whose known rule of

00:45:00.720 warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. So this is,

00:45:06.840 I don't know, it's a document. I'm Canadian. I'm not American. I don't know how it's discussed

00:45:11.160 generally by people in America, but it's like this document is kind of, um, not cool to the

00:45:17.620 Cherokee. So, or any indigenous people or women. So the authors of the Declaration of Independence,

00:45:24.000 also used the phrase, quote, our frontiers, like defining America as belonging to them,

00:45:32.600 to white people, which meant they were disregarding Native claims to the land.

00:45:36.640 And so in this immediately pre-Revolution, early Revolution time, like these beliefs

00:45:41.340 and sentiments that the white people deserve the land, that it was their land, were so 0.50

00:45:45.200 strong that there was just not at all even the possibility of coexisting peacefully with

00:45:50.060 the Cherokee and with other indigenous tribes.

00:45:52.480 Nanyahu and other peacemakers were hoping to remain neutral, but you can't be neutral when

00:45:58.760 all the white people view their presence, like just being there at all, as a major problem.

00:46:04.200 This same month, the same month as the signing of the Declaration of Independence,

00:46:08.100 so there was a violent encounter between the British and the Cherokee, and so the tribe was

00:46:14.960 being attacked and no choice but to fight back. So they brought it to the Council of Chiefs,

00:46:18.940 who voted unanimously for war, including Nanyahi. They're just like, yeah, we have to. We can't be 1.00

00:46:24.200 peaceful in this situation. We have to defend ourselves. What happened next is part of what

00:46:29.560 is most famous about the story of Nanyahi. And I'll tell you what happened and you can interpret

00:46:37.320 it as you will. But I will note the traditional Cherokee moral code absolutely forbade the killing

00:46:43.300 of women and children in war scenarios. So what she did supports the notion that she was observing

00:46:51.600 this ethical tradition. So this battle is happening where the Cherokee had agreed that

00:46:57.360 they were going to attack this British settlement. And so women and children had mostly, they knew

00:47:03.920 this was happening and so they had fled so they wouldn't be there at the time, except for there

00:47:07.440 was a woman named Lydia Bean, who was captured by the Cherokee warriors. A boy named Samuel Moore

00:47:13.340 was also captured at the same time, and he was apparently tortured to death. So it's unclear

00:47:19.520 why the two of them were being treated a bit differently. Part of it could be that Samuel

00:47:24.480 Moore was in the fort when the Cherokee laid siege to it, and Lydia Bean was kind of like

00:47:29.560 already running away. But also the boy as a male was subject to retaliation for the death of

00:47:34.300 Cherokee warriors. Lydia Bean was captured as she was making her way toward the fort. So she wasn't

00:47:38.880 actually involved in the actual confrontation. So what seems to have happened is that Samuel

00:47:42.740 Moore, the boy, was killed. And then the Cherokee warriors were preparing to kill and or torture 0.86

00:47:48.620 Lydia Bean. And the Naniyehi intervened. She popped in with her swan's wing, the symbol of 0.94

00:47:54.340 her office, and insisted that Lydia be freed. She said, quote, no woman shall be burned at the stake 1.00

00:47:59.600 while I am the beloved woman. So it's possible, like one of the questions is like, well, why did

00:48:04.160 to save Lydia Bean and not the boy, but it seems like potentially the boy was already dead when

00:48:09.380 she arrived. As a beloved woman, she chose to protect Lydia Bean's life. And so part of this

00:48:15.820 is the ethical duty, like as being part of Wolf Clan, like that she was the beloved woman. She's

00:48:21.320 able to make these decisions on behalf of everybody else who to save and to protect life and women 0.97

00:48:26.360 shouldn't be killed. And all those sorts of things are all wrapped up in this decision.

00:48:30.080 She also, as a Cherokee woman in general, and as a beloved woman specifically, would

00:48:35.580 have felt a responsibility to care for the land and all it provided, which means the

00:48:40.080 towns and the crops. 0.54

00:48:41.180 And she knew that if the Cherokee warriors tortured and or murdered a white woman, this 0.89

00:48:47.420 would outrage the other white people and could lead to retaliatory attacks.

00:48:53.280 She knew that the only way to facilitate a potential peace talk was if she demonstrated 0.80

00:48:57.420 goodwill by protecting Lydia Bean. So they listened to her because she's the beloved 0.71

00:49:03.880 woman. And so she came in with her swan wing and they're like, okay. So rather than immediately

00:49:09.700 returning Lydia Bean to her people, Nanihi kept her with her in Chota. So given the hostilities,

00:49:16.880 this is possibly just, it was too dangerous for Lydia Bean to travel in this really tense

00:49:22.420 situation. So during the time that they lived alongside each other, and I liked that this was

00:49:27.760 described in, again, I read so many sources, but one of them mentioned that maybe this was like,

00:49:33.560 Nanyahi wanted to, like Lydia Bean was freaked out. She's panicked. She's lived through this

00:49:37.340 really scary thing. And it's like, well, what are some things that she does? Like,

00:49:41.000 how can we make her feel better? You know, it's like, if somebody's hobby is knitting or if it's

00:49:45.320 like watercolor painting, it's like, okay, well, here we have some paints. We have some canvas.

00:49:48.300 like let's just like what can calm you down and lydia bean liked or was used to churning butter 0.99

00:49:54.460 and so she just started doing that and as part of this lydia bean um made herself useful during 0.99

00:50:00.880 her stay by teaching nanihi the value of raising dairy cattle about how to make butter and cheese

00:50:08.140 and this was a custom that had previously been shunned by the cherokee but nanihi from lydia 0.82

00:50:14.420 bean learned to make butter and cheese, and then began keeping her own herd of cattle. And so this

00:50:19.780 is a crucial, I'll talk after about the two crucial parts of the story, but this cheese part

00:50:25.680 is important. So the Cherokee used to have so much land where they could go and they could hunt,

00:50:31.840 and this would help them meet their dietary and material needs. But by now they had seeded over

00:50:35.980 50,000 square miles of hunting areas. The animal populations were severely depleted.

00:50:41.140 and because of these ongoing wars they could no longer count on the british like trading with them

00:50:46.660 to get food and goods nanya he like through her friendship with lydia bean she learned okay this

00:50:52.780 is an alternative protein source cows like we can get milk and cheese for protein but also like this 0.64

00:50:58.860 will be a familiar food like beef for white people like this could make them feel welcome if we're

00:51:04.660 inviting them for dinner this could be a potential trade item and in this way she found a way to

00:51:08.980 sustain the Cherokee economy that had been inextricably like they could no longer go back

00:51:14.360 to before the British were there. Like they had to have an economy that was based on things that

00:51:19.640 British people wanted to trade and cows, cows and dairy products were it. So the two crucial things

00:51:26.160 here are that she saved Lydia Bean and that she introduced dairy cow stuff to the Cherokee. So

00:51:33.420 the cow stuff like kind of saved and helped revive the population and help them to continue on

00:51:39.700 in the absence of the previous way the previous lifestyle the previous things are you able to eat

00:51:43.600 and hunt the lydia bean thing gets really complicated some people present it as sort of

00:51:49.540 like the myth of matoka aka pocahontas throwing herself on john smith to save him like it's sort

00:51:56.000 of shown as like non-Yihi choosing white people over the Cherokee. Crucial difference here

00:52:04.540 between what you might imagine is like a woman who sides with the white people against her own 0.57

00:52:09.740 people versus what she actually was doing. She was always advocating for peace. She was always

00:52:13.760 advocating to continue the ethical traditions of the Cherokee, which are like, let's not kill women. 0.99

00:52:18.640 Let's not intentionally antagonize people. And she also crucially was not just doing this on

00:52:23.380 her own like the way that the metoka story is told incorrectly suggests that she pocahontas aka

00:52:29.820 metoka went off on her own independently of the rest of her tribe to side with the white people

00:52:36.020 which isn't true but you can listen to my whole episode about that and here i think when people

00:52:39.720 talk about nanyahi is like the tennessee's pocahontas it's like look at her she's like

00:52:44.040 protecting the white people against her own tribe and yeah the warriors who were turkey people who 0.83

00:52:49.340 were her tribe, were prepared to kill Lydia Bean. But Nanyahi wasn't representing just herself.

00:52:55.960 She came in there with the authority of being the beloved woman, of speaking for the Women's 0.73

00:53:00.480 Council. And when she said, save her, free her, they did because they listened to her. She wasn't

00:53:06.000 doing this on her own. She wasn't doing it against the wishes of all of her culture.

00:53:10.940 During this era of just constant war between the colonists and the Cherokee, I mean, we see that

00:53:18.640 what she did by saving Lydia Bean. And then by also providing a warning to the white colonists,

00:53:23.500 her, which is another thing she did, she heard that they're going to be attacked and she told 0.95

00:53:27.140 them so that they could have a chance to leave. Her village was spared for counterattack. So she

00:53:31.720 was correct in the sense of like, by, by doing these actions, like she would save the land,

00:53:36.680 she'd save her village, at least for now. But this initial Cherokee raid started a full-scale war,

00:53:42.960 which lasted for the next three years between the Cherokee and the American colonists.

00:53:47.920 And during this era, she continued to advocate for peace in the way she knew how to do.

00:53:52.620 Like she would warn sometimes the Americans of impending attacks in order to prevent further

00:53:58.740 retaliatory attacks against her people. 0.77

00:54:01.480 There's one story that she may have sent some of her cattle to help feed starving American

00:54:06.360 patriots at one point.

00:54:07.840 And again, like in these acts, she was not working independently. 0.62

00:54:10.980 She wasn't working against what the other Cherokee were doing. 0.68

00:54:13.560 It's not like every single other person was like, yeah, let's attack.

00:54:15.860 and she's like i'm gonna sneak these cows over here like she it wasn't there was division within

00:54:21.200 this large group of people the cherokee nation and she was representing everyone else with her

00:54:27.840 point of view like there's different points of view here she wasn't just doing this herself

00:54:31.640 she spoke on behalf of a large number of people who trusted her as a leader in 1778 her uncle

00:54:38.040 atakulakula died leaving nanyahi as one of the only remaining cherokee leaders interested in 0.96

00:54:44.000 reaching a negotiated peace treaty with the increasingly shitty white people. But even her 0.98

00:54:49.800 beliefs were tested in 1780 when the British attacked her beloved village of Chota, burning

00:54:56.280 it to the ground. So she and her family lost all of their positions and she and her family, like

00:55:01.040 her children and her extended family, they're all taken prisoners by the same, like to her, 0.60

00:55:06.960 like the same white settlers she had previously been helping that she had befriended. So she was

00:55:11.640 released pretty soon after this, but the destruction of Chota, like her beloved hometown,

00:55:17.520 the heart of the Cherokee nation devastated her. So for the first time since assuming the position

00:55:22.740 of beloved woman, she broke all ties with her white friends and allies. She went into seclusion 0.55

00:55:29.300 for a year, even halting trade with the white settlers, which was a dramatic step because trade

00:55:35.300 had become a necessary element in the Cherokee economy. She saw how things were going and she

00:55:40.640 knew that this like what a time to be a leader honestly and to be still like a young woman with

00:55:44.720 young children so and again the cherokees were divided on issues of war many warriors like her 0.93

00:55:50.900 cousin dragging canoe wanted to drive the white people from the land regardless of the cherokee

00:55:55.860 moral code that honored harmony above all else others weary of the fighting and bloodshed decided 0.91

00:56:01.240 the best course would be to just like peace out leave this land move west start new somewhere over

00:56:07.160 But everyone agreed it was becoming impossible to behave in an honorable way with people who constantly broke the word. 0.96

00:56:14.080 Like these treaties, like how many treaties were there and how many, like 100% of them were broken by the white people. 0.98

00:56:20.120 And so Nanihi was just like, what are we going to do?

00:56:24.180 And then she got word that the English, the British, some of the sources, I will say, use the word English a lot.

00:56:31.640 And by that, sometimes it means like white people and sometimes it means like British people.

00:56:35.840 and I know there are listeners in other right so the British Isles it's like today or then it's

00:56:43.980 like England is different from Scotland is different from Wales Northern Ireland sometimes

00:56:48.840 involved so sometimes I'll say English but I'm going to try to always say British because a lot

00:56:53.620 of these people were Scottish or Welsh or Irish as well anyway these guys the white people wanted

00:56:59.540 to negotiate another peace treaty and so this is still mid American Revolution so it's still kind

00:57:05.460 of like which side is going to win which is why britain is still involved so in 1781 um the u.s

00:57:13.260 treaty commissioners were working with some cherokee leaders to negotiate a treaty to end this

00:57:17.440 ongoing three-year war and they the white people they knew that the cherokee were divided on what

00:57:22.580 to do with the land and that a lot of the leadership was aging and or dead so they might

00:57:28.160 have been they were probably confident that they faced a nation in turmoil um that they probably

00:57:33.480 would be able to do this pretty easily. But in fact, in this, the Cherokee were united.

00:57:39.020 Nanihi was one of the people who attended this negotiation. She felt that peace would only come

00:57:43.120 if the Cherokee and white settlers saw themselves as one people. And she thought the only people 0.97

00:57:47.500 that could make such a peace negotiation was women on both sides. So she showed up expecting 0.81

00:57:52.140 there to be women on the white people side as well. To her surprise and dismay, she was the 0.96

00:57:57.200 only woman at these talks. The rest were all men. So the negotiations, not going great. It seemed

00:58:03.920 like they were going to end in failure or worse. But then one of the people there, one of the white 1.00

00:58:09.780 men wrote, there was an occurrence that is without parallel in the history of the West.

00:58:14.780 An Indian woman spoke in treaty negotiations, and that woman was Nanyahi. So she rose and said,

00:58:20.820 quote we are your mothers you are our sons our cry is all for peace let it continue this peace

00:58:27.800 must last forever let your women's sons be ours our sons be yours let your women hear our words

00:58:34.100 and so just having a woman speak freaked out all the men in general but also she's like her words 0.53

00:58:41.120 were so powerful so in response like this had an emotional effect on the men um and the white

00:58:47.900 and promise to respect the peace if the Cherokees likewise remain peaceful. So the speech influenced

00:58:53.480 the negotiations in a fundamental way, because the resulting treaty from this meeting was one

00:58:58.660 of the few where settlers made no further demand for Cherokee land. And then her life is just kind

00:59:04.360 of like being this kind of diplomat, ambassador, speech-giving, amazing woman. So 1785, the Treaty

00:59:10.940 of Hopewell. This is after the American Revolution has ended, the Americans have won, the British 0.82

00:59:15.680 have left. And so this is the first treaty between the Cherokee and the newly founded

00:59:19.100 United States of America. Again, Nanyahi accompanied the chief. And this was the meeting

00:59:23.820 where they were formally informed the Americans had formed their own nation. And she made a

00:59:28.940 dramatic plea for a continued peace. At the close of the ceremonies, she invited the commissioners

00:59:34.020 to smoke her peace pipe, wistfully hoping to bear more children to people the Cherokee nation.

00:59:39.680 She looked at the protection of Congress to prevent future disturbances. Like she just

00:59:43.200 wanted to be able to raise her family for everyone to just like live and thrive and not be at war all

00:59:47.920 the time she said quote she hoped the chain of friendship will never more be broken and although

00:59:53.300 the commissioners promised that all settlers would leave cherokee lands within six months

00:59:57.020 the white people ignored this treaty which forced the cherokees to give up yet more land during this

01:00:04.500 set of peace talks so again was this sort of a diplomatic scenario marriage nanyahi's daughter

01:00:11.360 Betsy got married to General Joseph Martin who also had another white wife but um polygamy not

01:00:20.340 a big deal to uh the Cherokee people although Joseph Martin's family and friends were like

01:00:26.800 don't you already have a way of what's happening so during the 1790s like 90 he is growing older

01:00:32.880 and she's aka Nancy Ward in her later years she became known as Granny Ward um and a lot of people

01:00:38.840 still speak of her now is like our grandmother like the the matriarch of like the whole nation

01:00:44.100 her Cherokee grandchildren called her Nani but Granny Ward was her American nickname in later

01:00:49.720 life and part of this is because she started taking in and providing for orphan children

01:00:54.200 at the same time like she had lived such an eventful life so much like life-changing stuff

01:01:01.940 had happened during her whole life so far and she was observing these changes taking place within

01:01:06.400 the Cherokee Nation itself as they, by necessity, adopted the same sort of commercial agriculture

01:01:12.640 lifestyle of the nearby settlers, because that's just kind of how you needed to be to like get on

01:01:18.240 in this world that they were now living in. So the system of governance also was changing within

01:01:24.940 the Cherokee Nation itself. Like they wanted to, so the old system was like clan loyalty,

01:01:31.600 like Wolf Clan and tribe loyalty, the new Cherokee government provided no place for 0.62

01:01:36.120 the role of a beloved woman. This is how and why she is the last beloved woman of Cherokee Nation.

01:01:43.160 So treaty negotiations with white people, like basically, like there had been all these treaties,

01:01:49.520 but they no longer even applied because the white people kept expanding where they wanted to be. 0.83

01:01:54.820 They kept moving west even more. So the Cherokees were forced further into the Tennessee Valley 0.67

01:01:59.480 because the white people were pushing them that way resistance on the part of the Cherokee was

01:02:04.400 becoming impossible because they were increasingly outnumbered by white people but also because of

01:02:09.380 outbreaks of smallpox had decimated the population 1817 the remaining Cherokee council had to decide

01:02:15.420 once again the fate of its nation Nanihi was too old and too ill to attend but she sent a message

01:02:21.880 to her fellow the people there urging the council to do whatever it must to hang on to the remaining

01:02:26.400 Cherokee land, even if that meant certain death. So we see how her philosophy and her thoughts and

01:02:32.780 her, how it changed based on just life events and what was happening. Cause initially she started

01:02:38.060 off being like, yes, like we're going to have these negotiations, like she's neutrality and

01:02:42.500 peace. And now she's just like, fuck these white people. Fuck this all. Basically she said it 1.00

01:02:47.320 much more politely. So she wrote quote, Cherokee mothers do not wish to go to an unknown country. 0.85

01:02:54.180 we raised you on the land we now have. Some of our children wish to go over the Mississippi,

01:02:58.640 but this act would be like destroying your mothers. We beg of you not to part with any

01:03:02.780 more of our land, but keep it for our growing children, for it was the goodwill of our creator

01:03:06.940 to place us there. But her wish did not happen. In 1819, the Cherokees could no longer resist

01:03:14.460 the white invaders. So the Hiwasi Purchase took Nanihi's property, so in Chota, forcing her to 0.97

01:03:22.040 moved to a village called Woman Killer Fort, where she opened an inn on the federal road 0.98

01:03:26.460 running through Cherokee Nation. And this is where she kept raising Cherokee orphans. 0.96

01:03:31.700 And then her son, Five Killer, cared for her in her final years. So in these final years, 0.94

01:03:36.560 she is still going. She's still passionate about her people and about the land and just still

01:03:44.100 being a leader. And at this point, what she wants more than anything is just for people not to give

01:03:50.460 up any more land. Cherokee Oral History says that in her last years, Nanyahi repeatedly had a vision

01:03:57.000 showing a great line of people marching on foot. Mothers with babies in their arms, fathers with

01:04:01.880 small children on their back, grandmothers and grandfathers with large bundles on their back.

01:04:06.220 They were marching west and the white soldiers were behind them. They left a trail of corpses,

01:04:11.280 the weak, the sick, who could not survive the journey. And this vision accurately predicted

01:04:16.820 what would happen seven years later when the United States government forcibly displaced

01:04:21.280 approximately 60,000 indigenous people. Over the course of 20 years, they ethnically cleansed,

01:04:27.820 like aka genocide, thousands more in what is now known as the Trail of Tears, as the Cherokee and

01:04:33.100 other groups were forced to make their way to, quote, Indian territory in what is mainly now

01:04:37.300 modern-day Oklahoma. So Nanihi died in 1822. Because of the changing tribal structure,

01:04:43.900 no other woman was appointed to take her place as beloved woman so she's the last Cherokee to

01:04:48.480 hold this title legend has it when she died a light rose from her body fluttered like a bird

01:04:53.980 around the room and flew out the door she and her son five killer are buried at the top of a hill

01:04:59.600 not far from the site of the inn where she lived south of present day Benton Tennessee the complex

01:05:07.820 reputation of Nanyahi aka Nancy Ward. I'm going to quote from the late Micheline E. Pisantabi

01:05:15.380 who wrote this article about her. So because there's this thing about was she did she side

01:05:21.440 with the white people? Was she a heroine to white people? Like did she betray the Cherokee? And it's 0.68

01:05:26.060 really similar to the discussions of Matoka and of Malenzine. But here's what Micheline Pisantabi

01:05:32.200 wrote, quote, in her efforts to prevent bloodshed, Nanihi earned accolades from Cherokee and white

01:05:38.280 Americans alike. To the Cherokee, she was a well-respected, honored leader and culture bearer.

01:05:42.960 To white American settlers, she was a friend and ally who protected them from Cherokee warriors.

01:05:47.420 She became known as the Cherokee Rose or White Rose or Wild Rose, the Pocahontas of the West,

01:05:52.020 and a Cherokee princess and prophetess by those who believed her to be the constant friend to

01:05:56.980 the American pioneer. So enthralled did white Americans become with the image of her as the

01:06:02.180 savior of white settlers, that they styled her the patron saint of Tennessee, and the daughters

01:06:06.540 of the American Revolution named a chapter in Chattanooga, Tennessee after her. Tennesseans

01:06:11.100 went so far as to group Nanyahi, along with racist colonizers to Cherokee people, Andrew Jackson and

01:06:16.960 Davy Crockett, as symbols of honor for Tennessee. Although war's actions have been interpreted in

01:06:22.180 such a way as to sculpt her into an American patriot icon, she was, in fact, a dedicated

01:06:27.020 Cherokee nationalist and Cherokee patriot like her uncle, Adekula Kula, another peacemaker,

01:06:32.200 and her cousin, the war leader Dragon Canoe. Interestingly, Adekula Kula also aided the

01:06:37.520 revolutionaries, but he has not been praised as an American patriot. So just when I was looking,

01:06:42.720 just more information about her legacy, etc., a contemporary descendant named David Hampton,

01:06:48.940 he's a president of a group called the Association of the Descendants of Nancy Ward,

01:06:53.060 which is like, stay tuned. There's a lot of, there's a lot of them. He spent 60 years doing

01:06:59.160 genealogical research into all the strands of the, of all of her descendants. He estimates that today

01:07:06.520 something like 40,000 of her descendants are still around, including Cherokee actor Wes Studi

01:07:13.520 and the authors of two of the books that I used for research in this. So Deborah Jones wrote the

01:07:20.860 entry in women in world history women of many names is by deborah s gates and actually another 0.94

01:07:27.100 one of her descendants named becky hobbs a few years ago she wrote and produced a musical

01:07:34.120 called nanya he the story of nancy ward so i love her story i mean it's incredible to think

01:07:40.820 there's this many descendants but also like other stories that we've looked at that are about

01:07:45.100 indigenous people similar sorts of things when you look at the history of some black people

01:07:49.160 from american history like a lot of it is retained through oral history and storytelling rather than

01:07:55.220 in the actual written records that were written by settlers so time to score nanyahi so the first

01:08:04.240 category is scandalousness and honestly i feel to her credit i don't think anything she did was

01:08:12.800 scandalous like people within the cherokee tribe like they saw her as a leader so when she decided

01:08:19.100 to do something, they were like, what? Herman, my pills. Like they were, they accepted that she 0.99

01:08:23.980 was savvy and clever and smart and had a reason for doing this. So I don't think even, you know,

01:08:29.660 some people might've been like, well, you're helping the white people or you're saving Lydia

01:08:33.140 Bean. But none of that was scandalous. I don't think, I think she was very much just like always

01:08:38.920 upfront and doing what she felt was best. And I mean, the most scandalous anyone ever thought

01:08:45.620 she was was when she went to a meeting, that peace treaty, and was a woman and spoke. But that's, 0.77

01:08:51.100 so I'm going to give her a one for scandalousness because of that. Some of the white people were 1.00

01:08:56.680 just like, what? A woman is talking? Scheminess, which in the context of this podcast is always 0.51

01:09:01.680 a positive thing. It means being a person with a plan, being able to assess the situation,

01:09:07.540 be flexible and resilient to changing circumstances. And I think she's a 10 out of 10

01:09:12.080 for this. I think, I mean, she was named the beloved woman when she was 17 and she hit the

01:09:17.640 ground running. Like she just was so, just in terms of like leadership skills and just being

01:09:23.160 able to assess the situation and see what you needed to do to always be thinking like 12 steps

01:09:27.140 ahead, like what will it mean if we do this or if they do this? I think she was always like the way

01:09:31.540 that she wrote her persuasiveness in speaking and writing. I think she's a 10 out of 10 for

01:09:37.300 scheminess is just the people that she was trying to ally with in various ways were just shitty 1.00

01:09:43.020 white colonizers. Her significance, I think, is definitely a 10. When Wes Studi, in that episode 0.98

01:09:48.940 of Finding Your Roots, was told that this is your ancestor, like he knew who she was. She was

01:09:53.880 described in that episode of Finding Your Roots as just like this hero, as this legend. I was

01:09:59.620 looking at some of the responses to that episode just on, I think, Reddit or something, and people

01:10:04.000 were saying like, wow, like there's so many people are so proud to be her descendants and

01:10:09.580 they were happy to see Wes Studi is another one of her descendants. Like I think she's the name

01:10:13.600 Nancy Ward is maybe to like the broader scope of like American people surveyed for this podcast,

01:10:21.680 not super well known, but she is very well known to modern day people of the Cherokee Nation.

01:10:28.580 Also, I think to people of Tennessee, like I think she's a really significant figure. And I also think

01:10:32.560 that she not just that she's remembered and revered so much but also at the time she's living I think

01:10:38.180 her impact was so significant like even just the introduction of dairy production to the Cherokee

01:10:44.660 nation like really helped helped out the sexism bonus is where I like to see how how many points 1.00

01:10:51.660 does she get um like how much more could she've accomplished were she not living in a patriarchal 0.78

01:10:56.660 world and the thing is she kind of wasn't because within the turkey nation she was given the role

01:11:03.040 of beloved woman at a very young age people revered her people respected her people listened

01:11:08.320 to her like her sex did not her gender did not get in her way really at all i'm sure

01:11:16.660 in her dealings with like white people with americans um that came up a bit but i don't think

01:11:24.000 there's other other things got in her way like racism and colonialism but i like coming from

01:11:33.220 this matricle culture where she was really widely respected like sexism did not play a big part i'm

01:11:38.140 going to say two for sexism so that gives her a total score of 23 which on our scale i just want

01:11:46.760 to make sure i'm not spoiling any episodes that you have yet to hear but i think i can say safely

01:11:53.700 that she another person was 23 is a person who lived at around the same time who was charlotte

01:11:59.900 badger who was the english woman who was imprisoned and then sent to australia and then

01:12:06.720 spent some time in new zealand that's where she she fits up close to her just trying to see what

01:12:12.240 like in terms of the other you know native american people we've looked at like how everybody

01:12:17.660 lines up. Thinalder, the Dene woman from Northern Canada is up there with 27. Matoka,

01:12:23.500 aka Pocahontas, has a 27. So I think it's interesting for me to consider their stories

01:12:29.540 in relation to each other, just because Nanyahi lived a lot longer than Matoka or Thinalder

01:12:36.760 or Malentine were able to. I mean, which is great that she's able to stay around and to be

01:12:44.820 influential and to be helping out for such a long time. And also I think because she was so

01:12:51.120 respected and revered by the, by her, by the Cherokee people, she like, there's never,

01:12:57.220 there's never that sort of scandalous thing. There was never that sort of like, there's

01:13:01.460 obviously so much tragedy connected with her and with the Cherokee people and with this whole time

01:13:06.220 period. And it's for her, it's a different, it's a different narrative. And that's always important

01:13:10.700 for me to have her story as part of the season, but also to have sort of paved the way for

01:13:15.800 this with our looking at Matoka and Tenelder and Malintzine, just to kind of show the different, 0.98

01:13:22.800 the Sacajawea episode we had, like looking at the different ways that Indigenous women

01:13:28.220 interacted with the early American settlers and just how the stories all kind of turn

01:13:34.060 out differently.

01:13:35.500 That's Nanyahi.

01:13:36.460 I found this story, it was one of the more complex ones for me to research because I really wanted to try and approach the story from the Cherokee point of view.

01:13:47.280 And a lot of the things, especially online when you're looking up about her, it's just like, Nancy Ward, an American patriotic hero, she sided with the white people, isn't she great?

01:13:55.480 And I'm just like, what is the actual story?

01:13:57.900 So it took a while to track down the resources that were able to tell the story the way I wanted to.

01:14:03.500 That's Nanyahi, Nancy Ward.

01:14:06.460 so there are a couple of ways um we have a segment in season seven called nothing but net

01:14:16.020 where i connect the people who we talk to back to marie antoinette herself because the season is

01:14:21.640 season seven is how do you solve a problem like marie antoinette and all the people we're talking

01:14:25.540 about connect back to her more directly than one might often expect and so there's a couple

01:14:32.100 different ways that we could get from Nanihi to Marie Antoinette. One of those ways is that her

01:14:38.680 daughter married an American soldier who had some dealings with some of the founding fathers. And

01:14:43.200 then if you go through the founding fathers through Lafayette, you had to Marie Antoinette.

01:14:48.160 But the most direct way that I could find. So Cherokee leaders named Ostenaco,

01:14:53.820 Kanishat, and Woyi traveled to London, England in 1762 as a peace delegation. Nanihi knew

01:14:59.560 most of, if not all of these men, because they were from the Cherokee culture. They would have

01:15:04.760 been people who she would have known or her family would have known them. So while they were in

01:15:10.020 London, this peace delegation of Cherokee people met Queen Charlotte from Queen Charlotte, a

01:15:15.360 Bridgerton story. And Queen Charlotte from Queen Charlotte, a Bridgerton story was pen pals. She

01:15:21.300 and Marie Antoinette wrote letters back and forth a lot. So if we connect Nanyahi to these leaders

01:15:26.920 who went to England, to Queen Charlotte, to Marie Antoinette. That is three degrees of separation 0.57

01:15:33.020 between these two people. And we're seeing some sort of crucial in-between people in some of

01:15:39.800 these stories, like Lafayette, the Marquis de Lafayette is someone who connects the American

01:15:45.420 revolutionary founding father social circle over to Marie Antoinette, but then also the British

01:15:52.980 royal family interestingly like queen charlotte because she was pen pals with marie antoinette

01:15:57.640 like that connects some people back and forth as well so it just kind of shows how no one that

01:16:02.800 we're talking about this season is so far i don't think anyone's any further than three degrees of

01:16:06.600 separation from marie antoinette herself so next week we're going to continue on with this american

01:16:13.540 revolutionary point of view and we're going to be talking about a woman who at one point i described

01:16:19.820 all the episodes in this season seven part one they're all either an act two cowboy carter by

01:16:26.200 beyonce episode which just kind of like episodes where it's really like i would describe this as

01:16:31.880 one of those that are sort of like getting into the the complex history of america from the point

01:16:36.340 of view of uh women of color and then some of the episodes are that's that me espresso episodes or

01:16:43.140 shoes more shoes episodes where it's just kind of like a young woman who's just like having a nice

01:16:48.620 time and next week we're have where it starts off with a shoes more shoes that's that me espresso

01:16:54.920 episode um and it's about an american young woman who i find very compelling and her life does take 0.99

01:17:02.280 a turn but we'll talk about that all next week in the meantime i'm ann foster this is vulgar history

01:17:08.980 if you want to get more of my voice you can support the podcast on patreon so if you go to

01:17:15.560 patreon.com slash ann foster writer there's no e on ann by the way so that's a place where you can

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01:17:27.480 well as ad free access to old episodes so basically you just get a new you can set up a new feed there

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01:17:37.180 so when you join the patreon for at least one dollar a month that's what you get and then if

01:17:41.220 you join the patreon at five dollars or more a month you get the early ad free access as well as

01:17:46.720 a rich back catalog of bonus episodes that i've recorded so i have a couple different um a couple

01:17:54.500 different series that i have on there for the patreons at five dollars or more there's vulgar

01:17:58.820 piece theater where i talk about costume dramas with friends the podcast allison epstein and 0.67

01:18:03.060 lana would johnson i also have episodes on there called so this asshole we're talking about various 0.98

01:18:08.080 men from history who are terrible. And then I also have the after show where sometimes when I 0.95

01:18:12.200 have a guest on the podcast and I just want to keep talking to them, I just bring them on the

01:18:15.880 after show to talk more. You can get access to all those bonus episodes by joining the Patreon

01:18:20.960 at $5 or more a month. You can also just own the Patreon for free, frankly, just become a free

01:18:26.420 member because I do post shit there, pictures and news articles and just things that are on my mind

01:18:32.580 lately. It's sort of similar to what you see if you follow me on Instagram, where I'm on Instagram 0.91

01:18:39.480 and vulgar history pod. But the difference is that my Instagram stuff doesn't always reach

01:18:44.280 people who are following me. And I assume if people follow me on Instagram, they want to see

01:18:47.620 what I'm talking about. So anyway, I've been posting more of that on Patreon. So again,

01:18:52.320 patreon.com and foster writer join for free, join for money. You do. And we also have a wonderful

01:19:00.080 brand partner who is Common Era Jewelry. So this is a small business. I'm all about supporting

01:19:05.740 small businesses, women-owned businesses. And this is a company that could not vibe more with

01:19:11.420 the whole vulgar history scenario. So what they do is they make beautiful jewelry, necklaces and

01:19:17.480 rings inspired by women and other people from classical mythology, as well as from history.

01:19:24.660 So we're looking at people from mythology, like from Greek and Roman mythology, like Hecate,

01:19:30.080 is there. Artemis is there, I think. Athena, people like that, as well as figures from

01:19:35.460 classical writing, like Clytemnestra is there. And then also actual women from history. So

01:19:41.780 Boudicca, Cleopatra, Agrippina. The most recent person that she has there is Anne Boleyn. You

01:19:48.040 can get the Anne Boleyn. Beautiful necklace, which I have. There's also rings. It's all great.

01:19:55.900 She literally has a collection called Difficult Women, which is about women who in history,

01:19:59.460 who like now when women stand up for themselves and what they want and set boundaries people call

01:20:03.980 them difficult and so it's just celebrating women like that from history and from mythology

01:20:08.620 and vulgar history listeners can always get 15 off all items from common era by going to

01:20:14.920 commonera.com slash vulgar or using code vulgar at checkout and if you want to get vulgar history

01:20:21.280 merchandise including the recently released peg plunkett designed by karen moynihan you can find

01:20:27.880 Vilgar History merch in two different places. If you're in the US, the US of A, then I recommend

01:20:36.180 going to VilgarHistory.com slash store. That takes you to our little TeePublic store. And there's a

01:20:41.620 whole bunch of designs. You can choose what you want to put the design on, a t-shirt or a mug or

01:20:46.380 a sticker or a pin or a tote bag or whatever. And if you live not in the US, if you live literally

01:20:53.860 anywhere else, including Canada, I would recommend going to vulgarhistory.redbubble.com

01:20:59.400 because the shipping is better there for people who are not in the US of A. Oh, and we also have

01:21:05.760 other season seven designs that are up there. We have a public universal friend design that just

01:21:09.860 says the friend hath need of these things, which was public universal friends, iconic cult leader

01:21:16.260 adjacent catchphrase. And if you have ideas for more merch, let me know. You can send me a DM on

01:21:21.940 Instagram at vulgarhistorypod. You can also fill out the form at vulgarhistory.com,

01:21:27.460 which sends an email to me with your comments or thoughts or whatever. And also if you want to read

01:21:33.620 words I write, well, I'm writing a book, but that's not available for a while. But also I do

01:21:39.320 have a substack, which is just vulgarhistory.substack.com. And that's where I've been

01:21:43.340 posting weekly essays. I'm writing about women of the Tudor era, and that's all free. And you

01:21:48.620 just go to vulgarhistory.substack.com to get that information on. And next week, more American

01:21:55.400 history. And until then, my friends, keep your pants on and your tits out. 1.00

01:22:01.260 Vulgar History is researched, written, and hosted by Anne Foster. That's me. The editor is Christina 1.00

01:22:07.560 Lumagi. Theme music is by The Severn Duo. The Vulgar History Show image is by Deborah Wong.

01:22:13.900 Transcripts are written by Aveline Malek. Find transcripts of recent episodes at vulgarhistory.com.

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Vulgar History - July 24, 2024

American Revolution, part 5： Cherokee Leader, Nanye'hi aka Nancy Ward

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